Encyclopedia > Standard enthalpy change of neutralisation
The standard enthalpy change of neutralization is the change in enthalpy that occurs when an acid and base undergo a neutralization reaction to form one mole of water under standard conditions(298k and 1atm), i.e. react to produce water and a salt. It is a special case of the standard enthalpy change of reaction. Enthalpy (symbolized H, also called heat content) is the sum of the internal energy of matter and the product of its volume multiplied by the pressure. ... An acid (often represented by the generic formula AH) is typically a water-soluble, sour-tasting chemical compound. ... The common (Arrhenius) definition of a base is a chemical compound that either donates hydroxide ions or absorbs hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. ... Neutralization is a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react and produce salt and water. ... Water (from the Old English word wæter; c. ... In chemistry, salt is a term used for ionic compounds composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions, so that the product is neutral and without a net charge. ... The standard enthalpy change of reaction (denoted H0 or HO)is the enthalpy change that occurs in a system when 1 equivalent of matter is transformed by a chemical reaction under standard conditions. ...
Enthalpy is a quantifiable state function, and the total enthalpy of a system cannot be measured directly; the enthalpychange of a system is measured instead.
Enthalpy is most useful when pressure is held constant through exposure to the surroundings, to analyse reactions that increase the volume of the system, causing it to do mechanical work on the surroundings and lose energy.
A common standardenthalpychange is the standardenthalpychange of formation, which has been determined for a vast number of substances.
Second, if a process begins and ends at the same pressure, the amount of energy exchanged with the environment as heat is given by the change in the system's enthalpy.
An enthalpychange (ΔH) in chemistry describes the heat energy exchange with the surroundings at constant pressure.
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