For other persons named "Stanisław Poniatowski," see Stanisław Poniatowski. The given name Stanisław was popular with the Polish szlachta family of Poniatowski. ...

Stanislaus Augustus (born Stanisław Antoni Poniatowski; January 17, 1732, Wołczyn, Poland - February 12, 1798, St. Petersburg, Russia) was the last king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1764-1795). He was the son of Stanislaw Poniatowski, Castellan of Kraków, and brother of Michal Jerzy Poniatowski, primate of the Roman Catholic Church in Poland. Download high resolution version (448x642, 30 KB)Stanislaw August Poniatowski This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... September 7 is the 250th day of the year (251st in leap years). ... Events January 19 - John Wilkes is expelled from the House of Commons for seditious libel February 15 - The American city of St. ... November 25 is the 329th (in leap years the 330th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 16 - French occupy Utrecht, Netherlands. ... September 7 is the 250th day of the year (251st in leap years). ... Events January 19 - John Wilkes is expelled from the House of Commons for seditious libel February 15 - The American city of St. ... Sowiński defending Wola during the November Uprising Wola is a district of western Warsaw, Poland, formerly the village of Wielka Wola, that was incorporated into Warsaw in 1916. ... Warsaw ( Polish: Warszawa, see also other names, in full The Capital City of Warsaw, Polish: Miasto Stołeczne Warszawa) is the capital of Poland and its largest city. ... The Republic of Poland, a democratic country with a population of 38,626,349 and area of 312,685 km², is located in Central Europe, between Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, and the Baltic Sea, Lithuania and... November 25 is the 329th (in leap years the 330th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 19 - John Wilkes is expelled from the House of Commons for seditious libel February 15 - The American city of St. ... St. ... Warsaw ( Polish: Warszawa, see also other names, in full The Capital City of Warsaw, Polish: Miasto Stołeczne Warszawa) is the capital of Poland and its largest city. ... The Republic of Poland, a democratic country with a population of 38,626,349 and area of 312,685 km², is located in Central Europe, between Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, and the Baltic Sea, Lithuania and... Szlachta ( pronounced: [ʃlaxta]) was the noble class in Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania ( Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth). ... Poniatowski is a village located in Marathon County, Wisconsin. ... History This section is a stub. ... Ciołek - is a Polish Coat of Arms. ... For other people with the name of Stanisław Poniatowski, see Stanisław Poniatowski. ... For other people with the name of Konstancja Czartoryska, see Konstancja Czartoryska. ... H.I.M. Ekaterina II Aleksejevna the Great, Empress and Autocrat of all the Russias Catherine II (Екатерина Алексеевна: Yekaterína II Alekséyevna, April 21, 1729 - November 6, 1796), born Sophie Augusta Fredericka, known as Catherine the Great, reigned as empress of Russia from June 28, 1762, to her death on... H.I.M. Ekaterina II Aleksejevna the Great, Empress and Autocrat of all the Russias Catherine II (Екатерина Алексеевна: Yekaterína II Alekséyevna, April 21, 1729 - November 6, 1796), born Sophie Augusta Fredericka, known as Catherine the Great, reigned as empress of Russia from June 28, 1762, to her death on... January 17 is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events February 23 - First performance of Handels Orlando, in London June 9 - James Oglethorpe is granted a royal charter for the colony of Georgia. ... The Republic of Poland, a democratic country with a population of 38,626,349 and area of 312,685 km², is located in Central Europe, between Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, and the Baltic Sea, Lithuania and... February 12 is the 43rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events February-October - Irish Rebellion of 1798 April 7 - The Georgia and South Carolina and is later twice expanded to include disputed territory claimed by both the U.S. and Spain April 26 - France annexes Geneva May 24 - Irish nationalists rebel against British occupation forces believing that French troops were... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and Petrograd (Петрогра́д, 1914–1924), is a city located in Northwestern Russia on the delta of the river Neva at the east end of the Gulf of Finland... The Russian Federation (Russian: Росси́йская Федера́ция, transliteration: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya or Rossijskaja Federacija), or Russia (Russian: Росси́я, transliteration: Rossiya or Rossija), is a country that stretches over a vast expanse of eastern Europe and northern Asia. ... St. ... Warsaw ( Polish: Warszawa, see also other names, in full The Capital City of Warsaw, Polish: Miasto Stołeczne Warszawa) is the capital of Poland and its largest city. ... January 17 is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events February 23 - First performance of Handels Orlando, in London June 9 - James Oglethorpe is granted a royal charter for the colony of Georgia. ... February 12 is the 43rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events February-October - Irish Rebellion of 1798 April 7 - The Georgia and South Carolina and is later twice expanded to include disputed territory claimed by both the U.S. and Spain April 26 - France annexes Geneva May 24 - Irish nationalists rebel against British occupation forces believing that French troops were... Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... Events January 19 - John Wilkes is expelled from the House of Commons for seditious libel February 15 - The American city of St. ... Events January 16 - French occupy Utrecht, Netherlands. ... For other people with the name of Stanisław Poniatowski, see Stanisław Poniatowski. ... A castellan was the governor or caretaker of a castle or keep. ... This article needs cleanup. ... Noble Family Poniatowski. ... For the use of the word primate in biology, see primate (biology). ... The Roman Catholic Church is the largest religious denomination of Christianity with over one billion members. ...

Royal titles

(English translation, from the Polish text of the May 3rd, 1791, Constitution:) Stanisław August, by the grace of God and the will of the people King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, Ruthenia, Prussia, Mazowsze, Samogitia, Kyiv, Volhynia, Podole, Podlasie, Livonia, Smolensk, Siewierz and Chernihiv. The Republic of Poland, a democratic country with a population of 38,626,349 and area of 312,685 km², is located in Central Europe, between Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, and the Baltic Sea, Lithuania and... The Republic of Lithuania (in Lithuanian, Lietuva) is a republic in Northeastern Europe. ... Ruthenia is a name applied to parts of Eastern Europe which were populated by Eastern Slavic peoples, as well as to various states that existed in this territory in the past. ... The coat of arms of the Kingdom of Prussia, 1701-1918 The word Prussia ( German: Preußen or Preussen, Polish: Prusy, Lithuanian: Prūsai, Latin: Borussia) has had various (often contradictory) meanings: The land of the Baltic Prussians (in what is now parts of southern Lithuania, the Kaliningrad exclave of Russia and... Masovia (Polish: Mazowsze) is a geographical and historical region situated in central Poland with its capital in Warsaw. ... Duchy of Samogitia was the western part of Lithuania Artistic picture of Zemaitija Duchy in 18th century. ... Kiev (Київ, Kyiv, in Ukrainian; Киев, Kiev, in Russian) is the capital and largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper river. ... Volhynia (Wołyń in Polish; Волинь, Volyn’ in Ukrainian; also called Volynia, Volyň in Czech) comprises the historic region in western Ukraine located between the rivers Pripyat and Western Bug. ... The region of Podolia (Polish Podole, Ukrainian Podillya) lies in the west-central and south-west portions of present-day Ukraine. ... Podlasie (Latin Podlachia) is a historical region in eastern part of Poland and western Belarus. ... This article is about the region in Europe. ... The view of Smolensk in 1912 Smolensk (Russian: Смоленск; Polish Smoleńsk) is a city in western Russia, located on the Dniepr river at 54. ... Siewierz is a city in Poland. ... Chernihiv (Чернігів in Ukraine. ...

Biography

Born in 1732, Poniatowski already at twenty, in 1752, as a Sejm deputy attracted attention with his oratory. He ultimately owed his career, however, to his uncles, the powerful Czartoryskis, who in 1755 sent him to Saint Petersburg, Russia, in the suite of the British ambassador, Sir Charles Hanbury-Williams. There, through the influence of Russian Chancellor A. P. Bestuzhev-Ryumin, he gained accreditation to the Russian court as ambassador of Saxony. Through Hanbury-Williams he met twenty-six-year-old Grand Duchess Catherine, who was irresistibly attracted to the handsome and brilliant young nobleman, for whom she forsook all other lovers. This article is about the lower chamber of Polish parliament. ... A deputy can be: In politics, a member of many national legislatures, particularly those legislative bodies styled Chambers of Deputies. ... Events January 25 - Moscow University established. ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and Petrograd (Петрогра́д, 1914–1924), is a city located in Northwestern Russia on the delta of the river Neva at the east end of the Gulf of Finland... Great Britain - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... The Russian Federation (Russian: Росси́йская Федера́ция, transliteration: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya or Rossijskaja Federacija), or Russia (Russian: Росси́я, transliteration: Rossiya or Rossija), is a country that stretches over a vast expanse of eastern Europe and northern Asia. ... With an area of 18,400 sq. ... H.I.M. Ekaterina II Aleksejevna the Great, Empress and Autocrat of all the Russias Catherine II (Екатерина Алексеевна: Yekaterína II Alekséyevna, April 21, 1729 - November 6, 1796), born Sophie Augusta Fredericka, known as Catherine the Great, reigned as empress of Russia from June 28, 1762, to her death on...

"Portrait of King Stanisław August Poniatowski with Hourglass" and crown, oil on canvas by Marcello Bacciarelli, 1793, National Museum, Warsaw.

After returning to Warsaw, Poniatowski won election (September 7, 1764) as king of Poland through the influence of Catherine, since become Empress Catherine II of Russia. (She had promised him the crown as early as October 1763.) The coronation took place November 25, 1764. The new King's uncles in the Familia would have preferred another nephew, Prince Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski, on the throne but he had declined to seek the office. Download high resolution version (760x1000, 58 KB) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Download high resolution version (760x1000, 58 KB) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Warsaw ( Polish: Warszawa, see also other names, in full The Capital City of Warsaw, Polish: Miasto Stołeczne Warszawa) is the capital of Poland and its largest city. ... September 7 is the 250th day of the year (251st in leap years). ... Events January 19 - John Wilkes is expelled from the House of Commons for seditious libel February 15 - The American city of St. ... Catherine II (Екатерина II Алексеевна: Yekaterína II Alekséyevna, April 21, 1729 - November 6, 1796), born Sophie Augusta Fredericka, known as Catherine the Great, reigned as empress of Russia from June 28, 1762, to her death on November 6, 1796. ... Events February 10 - French and Indian War: The 1763 Treaty of Paris ends the war and France cedes Great Britain. ... November 25 is the 329th (in leap years the 330th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 19 - John Wilkes is expelled from the House of Commons for seditious libel February 15 - The American city of St. ... Familia (The Family, from the Latin familia) was the name of a Polish political party led by the Czartoryski magnates and families allied with them, and formed toward the end of the reign of King August II (reigned 1697-1706, 1709-1733). ... Noble Family Czartoryski Coat of Arms Czartoryski Parents August Aleksander Czartoryski Maria Zofia Sieniawska Consorts Izabela Fleming Children with Izabela Fleming Teresa Czartoryska Maria Anna Czartoryski Adam Jerzy Czartoryski Konstanty Adam Czartoryski Gabriela Czartoryska Zofia Czartoryska Date of Birth December 1, 1734 Place of Birth Gdańsk, Poland Date of Death...

Stanisław August--as he now styled himself--as king of a near-anarchic Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth remained at the mercy of circumstances. Nevertheless, in his difficult situation he strove to do his duty. He inaugurated some useful economic changes. He supported the Familia's reform program until 1766, when he fell out with his uncles. He protested the first partition of Poland (1772); but being powerless to do anything about it, and in the face of implacable opposition from Polish magnates, he was obliged to place his reliance in Russia's German ambassador, Otto Magnus Stackelberg. Acting in concert, he hoped to strengthen his authority and bring about essential reforms. It was only during the Four-Year Sejm of 1788-1792 that he threw in his lot with the reformers, centered in the Patriotic Party, and with them co-authored the May 3rd Constitution of 1791. Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... Familia (The Family, from the Latin familia) was the name of a Polish political party led by the Czartoryski magnates and families allied with them, and formed toward the end of the reign of King August II (reigned 1697-1706, 1709-1733). ... Events January 1 - Great Britain as King Charles III and figurehead for Jacobitism. ... The Partitions of Poland ( Polish Rozbiór or Rozbiory Polski) happened in the 18th century and ended the existence of a sovereign state of Poland (or more correctly the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth). ... Events February 17 - First partition of Russia and Prussia, later including Austria May - Watauga Association formed in East Tennessee as the first independent Anglo-American government. ... For a wealthy or powerful business baron, executive, or tycoon, see business magnate Magnate is a title of nobility commonly used in Sweden, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and some other medieval empires. ... Sejm Czteroletni (Four-Year Sejm, also known as Sejm Wielki, the Great Sejm) was a Sejm of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth held in Warsaw, inaugurated in 1788. ... 1788 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1792 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Patriotic Party (Stronnictwo Patriotyczne) was a Polish political movement during the Four-Year Sejm of 1788-1792 that sought reforms aimed at bolstering Polands independence from Russia. ... May 3rd Constitution (painting by Jan Matejko, 1891). ... Events January 25 - The British Parliament passes the Constitutional Act of 1791, splitting the old province of Quebec into Upper and Lower Canada March 3 - The U.S. Congress passes a resolution calling for the establishment of the United States Mint (U.S. Mint not created until next year). ...

His eloquent speech before the Sejm on taking an oath to uphold the newly adopted Constitution--the world's second written national constitution, and Europe's first--moved his audience to tears. But when the Targowica Confederation, with the connivance of Russia's Catherine the Great, was formed to overthrow the Constitution, the King upon her demand and the recommendation of some advisers, including the otherwise usually radical Hugo Kollataj, acceded to the Confederation. This undermined the operations of the Polish Army, which under Tadeusz Kosciuszko and the King's own younger brother, Prince Jozef Poniatowski, had been performing prodigies on the battlefield. This article is about the lower chamber of Polish parliament. ... Categories: Stub | Polish confederations ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... Noble Family Poniatowski Coat of Arms Ciołek Parents Andrzej Poniatowski Maria Teresa Kinsky Consorts Zelia Sitańska Zofia Potocka Children with Zelia Sitańska Józef Szczęsny Poniatowski with Zofia Potocka Karol Józef Poniatowski Date of Birth May 7, 1763 Place of Birth Vienna Date of Death October 19, 1813 Place of Death...

Stanisław August Poniatowski, last elected King of Poland.

King Stanisław August remains a controversial figure. He was accused by some of striving for absolutism, of doing away with the liberties of the szlachta (Polish nobility), of desiring the downfall of the Roman Catholic Church; by others, of weakness and subservience, even of treason, especially after he had joined the Targowica Confederation. Stanislaw August Poniatowski king . ... Stanislaw August Poniatowski king . ... Szlachta ( pronounced: [ʃlaxta]) was the noble class in Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania ( Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth). ... The Roman Catholic Church is the largest religious denomination of Christianity with over one billion members. ... Categories: Stub | Polish confederations ...

Nevertheless, he did accomplish much in the realm of culture and education. He founded the Collegium Nobilium (1765), whose alumni would include Tadeusz Kosciuszko, and the Commission of National Education (1773}, the world's first national ministry of education. He helped, in 1765, found the Monitor, the leading periodical of the Polish Enlightenment, and the Polish national theater. He hosted his famous "Thursday dinners," the most brilliant social functions in the Polish capital. He supported the establishment of manufactures and the development of mining. He remodeled Warsaw's Royal Castle, and erected the elegant Royal Baths Palace (Pałac łazienkowski) complex in Warsaw's most romantic park. He created a numismatic collection, a picture gallery, and an engravings room. Events March 9 - Judges in Paris find Jean Calas innocent, (after having been tortured and executed in 1762) of murdering his son, Marc-Antoine, who had committed suicide), mainly because Voltaire wrote a series of articles calling for the case to be re-opened. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... Komisja Edukacji Narodowej (KEN, Polish for Commission of National Education) was the central educational authority in Poland, created by the Sejm and king Stanisław August Poniatowski on October 14, 1773. ... Events January 12 - The first American museum open to the public is opened in (Charleston, South Carolina). ... Events March 9 - Judges in Paris find Jean Calas innocent, (after having been tortured and executed in 1762) of murdering his son, Marc-Antoine, who had committed suicide), mainly because Voltaire wrote a series of articles calling for the case to be re-opened. ... The word monitor, depending on context, may have one of the following meanings: A computer display A speaker used on stage or in a studio to enable musicians to hear what is being recorded or broadcasted A concurrent programming language construct which encapsulates variables, access procedures and initialisation code within... Categories: Poland-related stubs | Polish history ...

After the final, Third Partition of Poland, Stanisław August was forced to abdicate (November 25, 1795) and left for St. Petersburg, Russia. There, a virtual prisoner, he subsisted on a pension from Catherine the Great and died deeply in debt. In 1938 his remains were transferred to a church at Wołczyn, his birthplace, and in 1995 to St. John's Cathedral in Warsaw, where on May 3, 1791, he had celebrated the adoption, earlier that day, of the Constitution that he co-authored. The Partitions of Poland ( Polish Rozbiór or Rozbiory Polski) happened in the 18th century and ended the existence of a sovereign state of Poland (or more correctly the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth). ... Abdication (from the Latin abdicatio disowning, renouncing, from ab, from, and dicare, to declare, to proclaim as not belonging to one), the act whereby a person in office renounces and gives up the same before the expiry of the time for which it is held. ... November 25 is the 329th (in leap years the 330th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 16 - French occupy Utrecht, Netherlands. ... 1938 was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1995 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... May 3 is the 123rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (124th in leap years). ... Events January 25 - The British Parliament passes the Constitutional Act of 1791, splitting the old province of Quebec into Upper and Lower Canada March 3 - The U.S. Congress passes a resolution calling for the establishment of the United States Mint (U.S. Mint not created until next year). ...

Reign From 1734 until October 5, 1763 Elected In 1734 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation On January 17, 1734 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Royal House Wettin Parents August II Mocny ? Consorts Marie Josepha Children Frederick Christian Date of Birth October 7, 1696 Place of... Poland was ruled by dukes (c. ...

See also

• Thursday dinners.
• Poland's May 3rd Constitution of 1791.

Categories: Poland-related stubs | Polish history ... May 3rd Constitution (painting by Jan Matejko, 1891). ...

References

• Jan Kibinski, Recollections of the Times of Stanislaw Augustus (in Polish), Krakow, 1899.
• Mémoires secrets et inédits de Stanislas Auguste, Leipzig, 1862.
• Stanislaw and Prince Joseph Poniatowski in the Light of Their Private Correspondence, in French, edited in Polish by Bronislaw Dembinski, L'viv, 1904.
• R.N. Bain, The Last King of Poland and His Contemporaries, 1909.
• Adam Zamoyski, The Polish Way: a Thousand-Year History of the Poles and Their Culture, New York, Hippocrene Books, 1994.
• Adam Zamoyski, Last King of Poland, New York, Hippocrene Books, 1997.
• Poniatowski's diaries and letters, held for many years in the Russian ministry of foreign affairs, appeared in the January 1908 Vestnik Evropy [News of Europe].

This article incorporates text from the public domain 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica. Adam Zamoyski - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... The Eleventh Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica ( 1911) in many ways represents the sum of knowledge at the beginning of the 20th century. ...