Stanley, Falkland Islands
Flag Seal
Map of the Falkland Islands showing position of Stanley.
Coordinates: 51°41′32″S 57°51′32″W / -51.6921, -57.8589
Country	United Kingdom
British Overseas Territory	Falkland Islands
Population (2001)[1]
- City	1,989
Time zone	FKT (UTC-4)
- Summer (DST)	FKST (UTC-3)
Website: http://www.falklandislands.com/

Stanley (formerly known as "Port Stanley") is the capital and only true town in the Falkland Islands. It is located on the isle of East Falkland, on a north-facing slope, south of Stanley Harbour, in one of the wettest parts of the islands. Its population is around 2,000 people. Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands. ... Image File history File links Coa_Falkland. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... This is an alphabetical list of the sovereign states of the world, including both de jure and de facto independent states. ... Location of the British Overseas Territories The British Overseas Territories are fourteen[1] territories which the United Kingdom considers to be under its sovereignty, but not as part of the United Kingdom itself. ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... −12 | −11 | −10 | −9:30 | −9 | −8 | −7 | −6 | −5 | −4 | −3:30 | −3 | −2:30 | −2 | −1 | −0:25 | UTC (0) | +0:20 | +0:30 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +3:30 | +4 | +4:30 | +4:51 | +5 | +5:30 | +5:40 | +5:45 | +6 | +6:30 | +7 | +7:20 | +7... Though DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ... −12 | −11 | −10 | −9:30 | −9 | −8 | −7 | −6 | −5 | −4 | −3:30 | −3 | −2:30 | −2 | −1 | −0:25 | UTC (0) | +0:20 | +0:30 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +3:30 | +4 | +4:30 | +4:51 | +5 | +5:30 | +5:40 | +5:45 | +6 | +6:30 | +7 | +7:20 | +7... Not to be confused with capitol. ... East Falkland (beige) shown within Falkland Islands East Falkland, the largest of the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic, has an area of 6,605 square kilometres. ... Stanley Harbour is a large inlet on the east coast of East Falkland island. ...

Facilities and infrastructure

Today, Stanley lies at the centre of East Falkland's road network, and is the main shopping centre on the islands. The Falkland Islands Company owns several shops and a hotel in the town. Attractions include the Falkland Islands Museum, Government House, built in 1845 and home to the Governor of the Falkland Islands, a golf course, and is known for its whalebone arch, a totem pole, several war memorials and the shipwrecks in its harbour. The town also has four pubs, eleven hotels & guesthouses, three restaurants, a fish and chips shop and three churches including the Anglican Christ Church Cathedral the southernmost cathedral in the world, which actually makes tiny Stanley into a city. A grim reminder of the minefields to the south is the bomb disposal unit. There is also the main tourist office here. Shopping is the examining of goods or services from retailers with intent to purchase. ... Falkland Islands Holdings Plc (FIH) is a company which plays a key role in the economy of the Falkland Islands. ... Government House in Stanley has been the home of the Falkland Islands London-appointed Governors since the mid-19th century. ... Nowadays, the Governor of the Falkland Islands is the local representative of the British Crown in the Falkland Islands. ... This article is about the sport of golf. ... Baleen (also called whalebone) is a substance made of keratin and is therefore stiff but somewhat elastic. ... A Gitxsan pole (left) and Kwakwakawakw pole (right) at Thunderbird Park in Victoria, British Columbia. ... This memorial in England lists the names of soldiers who died in the First World War. ... For other uses, see Shipwreck (disambiguation). ... Fish and chips in modern packaging Fish and chips or fish n chips, is a popular British take-away food, which consists of deep-fried fish in batter or breadcrumbs with deep-fried potatoes, traditionally sold wrapped in newspaper. ... The term Anglican describes those people and churches following the religious traditions of the Church of England, especially following the Reformation. ... The cathedral and whalebone arch. ...

The town hall doubles up as a post office cum philatelic bureau, law court, library and dance hall. The police station also contains the islands' only prison, with a capacity of thirteen in the cells.

The community centre includes a swimming pool (the only public one in the islands), a sports centre, library, and school.

King Edward VII Memorial Hospital (the only one in the islands - although there are some facilities at Mount Pleasant Base), cum doctors' surgery.

There are also bus and tax companies here.

Stanley is also home to the Falkland Islands Broadcasting Station (FIBS), the HQ of the British Antarctic Survey, and the office of the fortnightly Penguin News newspaper. BAS headquarters The British Antarctic Survey (BAS), formerly the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS), is an institute of the Natural Environment Research Council, and has, for the last fifty years, undertaken the majority of Britains scientific research on and around the Antarctic continent. ...

A nursery and garden centre is also here, in whose greenhouses some of the islands' vegetables are grown. The Royal Greenhouses of Laeken. ... A plate of vegetables Vegetable is a culinary term which generally refers to an edible part of a plant. ...

History

Stanley, from the air

The original capital of the islands was at Port Louis to the north of the future site of Stanley, on Berkeley Sound. Governor Moody (after whom Moody Brook is named) however, decided to move the capital to Port Jackson, which was renamed "Stanley Harbour", after a survey. Stanley Harbour was considered to have a deeper anchorage for visiting ships. Not all the inhabitants were happy with the change, notably one JW Whitington is recorded as saying, "Of all the miserable bog holes, I believe that Mr Moody has selected one of the worst for the site of his town." Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1600x1200, 193 KB) Summary This image was copied from wikipedia:en. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1600x1200, 193 KB) Summary This image was copied from wikipedia:en. ... Port Louis is a settlement on northeastern East Falkland. ... Map of the Falkland Islands showing Berkeley Sound Berkeley Sound (Spanish: Bahia de la Annunciación [1]) is an inlet, or fjord in the north east of East Falkland in the Falkland Islands. ... Stanley Harbour and the town, from the air. ... Stanley Harbour is a large inlet on the east coast of East Falkland island. ...

Work on the settlement began in 1843, with it becoming the capital in July 1845. It was named for Lord Stanley, Secretary of State for War and the Colonies at the time. Arms of Edward Smith-Stanley Statue in Parliament Square, London Edward George Geoffrey Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby, KG, PC (29 March 1799–23 October 1869) was a British statesman, three times Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is to date the longest serving leader of the Conservative... The Secretary of State for War and the Colonies was a British cabinet level position responsible for the army and the British colonies (other than India). ...

In 1849, 30 married Chelsea Pensioners were settled there, in order to help with the defence of the islands. Chelsea pensioners in scarlet coats and tricorne hats at the Founders Day parade in the Royal Hospital Chelsea The term Chelsea pensioner is used to refer to an in-pensioner at the Royal Hospital Chelsea, that is, a former British soldier who lives within the Royal Hospital. ...

The settlement soon grew as a deep water port, specialising at first in ship repairs, indeed, prior to the construction of the Panama Canal, Port Stanley was a major repair stop for boats travelling through the Straits of Magellan. The rough waters and intense storms found at the tip of the continent forced many ships to Stanley Harbour, and the ship repair industry helped to drive the island economy. Later it became a base for whaling and sealing in the South Atlantic and Antarctic. A deep water port is any port that can accommodate a fully laden Panamax ship. ... Two Panamax running the Miraflores Locks The Panama Canal (Spanish: ) is a major ship canal that traverses the Isthmus of Panama in Central America, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. ... The Strait of Magellan, near Punta Arenas The Strait of Magellan is a navigable route immediately south of mainland South America. ... The crew of the oceanographic research vessel Princesse Alice, of Albert Grimaldi (later Prince Albert I of Monaco) pose while flensing a catch. ... Categories: Disambiguation | Stub ... For other uses, see Atlantic (disambiguation) The Atlantic Ocean is Earths second-largest ocean, covering approximately one-fifth of its surface. ... Greek ἀνταρκτικός, opposite the arctic) is a continent surrounding the Earths South Pole. ...

Later still it was an important coaling station for the Royal Navy. This led to ships based here being involved in the Battle of the Falkland Islands in the First World War, and the Battle of the River Plate in the Second World War. This article is about the navy of the United Kingdom. ... Combatants British Empire German Empire Commanders Doveton Sturdee Maximilian von Spee Strength 2 battlecruisers, 3 armoured cruisers, 2 light cruisers and 1 grounded pre-dreadnought 2 armoured cruisers, 3 light cruisers, 3 transports Casualties 10 killed, 19 wounded No ships lost 1,871 killed, 215 captured 2 armoured cruisers, 2... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... Combatants Germany United Kingdom New Zealand Commanders Hans Langsdorff Henry Harwood Strength 1 heavy cruiser 1 heavy cruiser 2 light cruisers Casualties 1 heavy cruiser damaged 36 dead 60 wounded 1 heavy cruiser heavily damaged 2 light cruisers damaged 72 dead 28 wounded For other uses, see The Battle of... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ...

The church, and whalebone arch

Landslides (peatslips), caused by excessive peat cutting, destroyed part of the town in 1879 and 1886, the second landslide killing two people. Download high resolution version (1200x1600, 176 KB)Church and Whalebone arch at Port Stanley. ... Download high resolution version (1200x1600, 176 KB)Church and Whalebone arch at Port Stanley. ... Landslide of soil and regolith in Pakistan A landslide is a geological phenomenon which includes a wide range of ground movement, such as rock falls, deep failure of slopes and shallow debris flows. ... Peat in Lewis, Scotland Peat is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation matter. ...

During World War II, a hulk in Stanley Harbour was used for interning the British Fascist and Mosleyite Jeffrey Hamm (ref: The European; PRO HO). Something of a minor player in the BUF due to his youth, Hamm moved to the Falkland Islands in 1939 to work as a teacher. He was arrested there in 1940 for his BUF membership (under Defence Regulation 18B) and later transferred to a camp in South Africa. Released in 1941 he was later called up to the Royal Armoured Corps and served until his discharge in 1944. Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Edward Jeffrey Hamm (1915-1994) was a leading British Fascist and supporter of Oswald Mosley. ... Defence Regulation 18B was the most famous of the Defence Regulations used by the British Government during World War II. It allowed for the internment of people suspected of being Nazi sympathisers. ... The Royal Armoured Corps (RAC) is currently a collection of ten regular regiments, mostly converted from old horse cavalry regiments, and four Yeomanry regiments of the Territorial Army. ...

Stanley Airport is used by internal flights and provides connections to British bases in Antarctica. It was opened by the Argentine Air Force on November 15, 1972 (previously, international flights were by seaplane from Comodoro Rivadavia). In 2003 Argentine president Néstor Kirchner ended with all flight from Argentina to the Falklands, since then most planes arriving to the territory came from Punta Arenas in Chile. LAN Airlines have weekly flights to Stanley from Carlos Ibáñez del Campo International Airport in Punta Arenas. Port Stanley Airport (IATA: PSY, ICAO: SFAL) is an airport in the Falkland Islands, two miles outside the capital, Stanley. ... The Argentine Air Force (Fuerza Aérea Argentina or FAA) is the national aviation branch of the armed forces of Argentina. ... is the 319th day of the year (320th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... A DeHavilland Single Otter floatplane in Harbour Air livery. ... Comodoro Rivadavia is a city in the Patagonian province of Chubut in southern Argentina, located on the Gulf of San Jorge, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean, at the foot of the Cerro Chenque mountain. ...  , full name Néstor Carlos Kirchner Ostoić (born 25 February 1950), is the President of Argentina, sworn in on May 25, 2003. ... Memorial to Hernando de Magallanes in Punta Arenas. ... LAN Airlines Sociedad Anónima NYSE: LFL (formerly LanChile) is an airline based in Santiago, Chile. ...

Stanley was occupied by Argentine troops for about ten weeks during the Falklands War in 1982 and renamed Puerto Argentino (the name gained some support in Spanish-speaking countries, but its acceptance is not unanimous). It suffered some damage, with three civilians killed by British shelling, but after the British secured the high ground around the town the Argentines surrendered with no fighting in the town itself. The land around it was also heavily mined and some areas remain marked minefields. Combatants Argentina United Kingdom Commanders President Leopoldo Galtieri Vice-Admiral Juan Lombardo Brigadier-General Ernesto Crespo Brigade-General Mario Menéndez Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher Admiral Sir John Fieldhouse Rear-Admiral John “Sandy” Woodward Major-General Jeremy Moore Casualties 649 killed 1,068 wounded 11,313 taken prisoner 75 fixed... “Minefield” redirects here. ...

Name

Stanley is named for Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby, who never actually visited the islands

A number of variants of the town's name have appeared in both English and Spanish. Stanley Harbour was originally known as "Port Jackson", and this name would have applied to the area before the town was built, although it could just as easily have been called Sapper Hill. Although the town is officially known as "Stanley", one frequently hears it still referred to as "Port Stanley", especially in British reports about the Falklands War. This is in line with various other settlements around the islands, e.g. Port Howard and Port Stephens. However, "Stanley" without the "Port" prefix was established long before the war, and on 2 August 1956, the Officer Administering the Government of the Falkland Islands reported to the Secretary of State for the Colonies in London as follows: Download high resolution version (500x611, 91 KB) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Download high resolution version (500x611, 91 KB) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Arms of Edward Smith-Stanley Statue in Parliament Square, London Edward George Geoffrey Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby, KG, PC (29 March 1799–23 October 1869) was a British statesman, three times Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is to date the longest serving leader of the Conservative... Stanley Harbour is a large inlet on the east coast of East Falkland island. ... Port Howard is the largest settlement on West Falkland and is the centre of a 200,000 acre (800 km²) sheep farm. ... Port Stephens is a settlement on West Falkland, in the Falkland Islands. ...

There is some difficulty over the correct name of the capital. Early despatches contain reference to both Port Stanley and Stanley. Port Stanley was accepted by the Naming Commission set up in 1943 to consider the names then being included on the War Office maps. Local opinion differs on the matter, but there is no doubt that Stanley is now common usage and has been for some considerable time. The capital is defined as Stanley in the Interpretation and General Law Ordinance. In the circumstances I would advise that the correct name for the capital is Stanley.[2]

Falklanders often refer to it simply as "Town".

Spanish and Argentine names

The situation with the Spanish version of the name is far more complicated. Stanley, unlike Port Louis, the former capital of the islands, was a new settlement founded by the British, and therefore did not have a Spanish name of its own. Many Spanish speakers use "Puerto Stanley", as a neutral translation of the British name, but it is not liked by supporters of Argentine sovereignty, because it refers to an English politician. Supporters of the Argentine claim have used several different names, none of which are accepted by the islanders themselves - Port Louis is a settlement on northeastern East Falkland. ...

• Puerto Soledad (the port of East Falkland/Isla Soledad) - reported in 1965, but in fact the old Spanish name of Port Louis, the old capital, not Stanley.
• Puerto Rivero - A reference to Rivero, a controversial Argentine figure in the early history of the islands. Used by Peronistas and the hijackers who landed at Stanley in September, 1966. It was also used for 3–4 April 1982 after the Argentine invasion.
• Puerto de la Isla Soledad - A variant on Puerto Soledad. Used 5 April 1982.
• Puerto de las Islas Malvinas (Port of the Malvinas/Falklands), used from 6-20 April 1982.
• Puerto Argentino - Used ever since 21st April 1982 by the Argentines

During the 1982 occupation, Patrick Watts of the islands' radio station used circumlocutions to avoid using Argentine names - East Falkland (beige) shown within Falkland Islands East Falkland, the largest of the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic, has an area of 6,605 square kilometres. ...

"It hurt me greatly to call it [the radio station] Radio Nacional Islas Malvinas, and I used to try to avoid referring to Port Stanley as Puerto Argentino. I called it 'the capital' or the 'largest settlement on the island'" (from Eyewitness Falklands: A personal account of the Falklands campaign)

Miscellaneous

Roadsign to Stanley.

Gypsy Cove, known for its Magellanic penguins, and Cape Pembroke, the easternmost point of the Falklands, lie nearby. Gypsy Cove is four miles (6 km) from Stanley and can be reached by taxi or on foot. Image File history File linksMetadata Stan_001. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Stan_001. ... Gypsy Cove Gypsy Cove and Yorke Bay are a pair of small bays in the Falkland Islands. ... Binomial name Spheniscus magellanicus (Forster, 1781) The Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) is a South American penguin, breeding in coastal Argentina, Chile and the Falkland Islands, with some migrating to Brazil. ... Cape Pembroke is the easternmost point of the Falkland Islands, and is on East Falkland. ...

Today, the vast majority of the town's residents are employed by the government, with tourism also being a major source of employment; on days when two or more large cruise ships dock in the town tourists frequently outnumber the local residents.

Peat is still a prominent heating/fuel source in Stanley, and stacks of drying peats under cover can be seen by many houses. Peat in Lewis, Scotland Peat is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation matter. ...

Stanley is twinned with Whitby in Yorkshire, Northern England. , For other uses, see Whitby (disambiguation). ... Look up Yorkshire in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The north, the midlands and the south Northern England, The North or North of England is a rather ill-defined term, with no universally accepted definition. ...

See also

• Falklands War
• Battle of Wireless Ridge

Combatants Argentina United Kingdom Commanders President Leopoldo Galtieri Vice-Admiral Juan Lombardo Brigadier-General Ernesto Crespo Brigade-General Mario Menéndez Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher Admiral Sir John Fieldhouse Rear-Admiral John “Sandy” Woodward Major-General Jeremy Moore Casualties 649 killed 1,068 wounded 11,313 taken prisoner 75 fixed... Combatants United Kingdom Argentina Commanders Lt. ...

External links

• Stanley travel guide from Wikitravel

Wikitravel is a project to create an open content, complete, up-to-date, and reliable world-wide travel guide. ...

References