Starfleet ranks and insignia Cadet
Rank	ST:VOY
Captain
Commander
Lieutenant Commander
Lieutenant
Lieutenant Junior Grade
Ensign

Provisional ranks were first introduced in Star Trek: Voyager when several civilian members of a Maquis crew were appointed as officers onboard the Federation Starship Voyager. They appear to refer to provisional or temporary ranks granted to civilians who operate with Starfleet in the capacity of an officer. The insignia of Starfleet in the late 23rd century Starfleet ranks and insignia are hierarchical titles and badges of office which appear in the science fiction universe of Star Trek. ... The starship Voyager (NCC-74656), an Intrepid-class starship. ... Image File history File links Voyager_OF5. ... Image File history File links Voyager_OF1a. ... The starship Voyager (NCC-74656), an Intrepid-class starship. ... In the fictional Star Trek universe, the Maquis were a resistance movement made mostly of humans that refused to give up the colony planets that they lived on after they were ceded to the Cardassians as part of the treaty to end the war between the Federation and the Cardassian...

In the first two seasons of Voyager, it was unclear whether or not the insignia worn by the Maquis was a version of Starfleet insignia or paramilitary insignia of the Maquis. Later seasons of Voyager, however, gave evidence that the Maquis officers, seen wearing the new insignia, had been granted provisional Starfleet commissions and were considered equivalent to Starfleet officers.

The highest ranking of these provisional officers is Commander Chakotay who Captain Janeway appointed as her first officer when her previous first officer was killed when Voyager was pulled into the Delta Quadrant by the Caretaker. Chakotay (born 2326) is a character in the fictional Star Trek universe, played by Robert Beltran, and was the second-in-command of the USS Voyager, to Kathryn Janeway in the science fiction television series Star Trek: Voyager. ... Kathryn Janeway (Born: May 20, 2336 in Bloomington, Indiana), a fictional character of the Star Trek universe played by Kate Mulgrew, was the commanding officer (with the rank of Captain) of the USS Voyager NCC-74656 (2371-2378) in the science fiction television series Star Trek: Voyager. ... The USS Voyager (NCC-74656) is an Intrepid class starship in the Star Trek fictional universe. ... Caretaker was the first episode of the American television series Star Trek: Voyager. ...

This type of rank is also referred to as a "brevet" rank. In the US military, brevet referred to a warrant authorizing a commissioned officer to hold a higher rank temporarily, but usually without receiving the pay of that higher rank. ...