Russia

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Constitution President: Vladimir Putin (president-elect: Dmitry Medvedev) Presidential Administration Security Council Government Prime Minister: Viktor Zubkov Federal Assembly Federation Council State Duma Judiciary Constitutional Court Supreme Court Supreme Court of Arbitration Public Chamber State Council Law system Political parties Elections President: 2000 - 2004 - 2008 Parliament: 1999 - 2003 - 2007 Referenda: 1993 (Apr.), 1993 (Dec.) Central Election Commission Subdivisions Federal subjects Human rights Foreign relations Diplomatic missions

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The State Duma

The State Duma (Russian: Государственная дума (Gosudarstvennaya Duma), common abbreviation: Госдума (Gosduma)) in the Russian Federation is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia (legislature), the upper house being the Federation Council of Russia. The Duma is headquartered in downtown Moscow, a few steps from Manege Square. Its members are referred to as deputies. The State Duma replaced the Supreme Soviet as a result of the new constitution introduced by Boris Yeltsin in the aftermath of the Russian constitutional crisis of 1993, and approved by the Russian public in a referendum. The current Constitution of the Russian Federation (Конституция Российской Федерации) was adopted by national referendum on December 12, 1993 replacing the previous Soviet-era Constitution of April 12, 1978 of Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic. ... The President of Russia (Russian: ) is the Head of State and highest office within the Government of Russia. ... Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (Russian: ) (born October 7, 1952) is the current President of the Russian Federation. ... Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev (Russian: ; Russian pronunciation: ; born September 14, 1965 in Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg) is a Russian politician, President-elect of Russia and the countrys current First Deputy Prime Minister. ... The Russian presidential administration (also known as Staff of Russia’s president, Presidential Executive Office, in Russian: Администрация Президента Российской Федерации)) is the executive office of Russias president created by a decree of Boris Yeltsin on July 19, 1991 as an institution supporting the activity of the president (then Yeltsin) and vice-president... The Security Council of the Russian Federation (SCRF)is an executive-level branch of the Russian that acts as a consulative body on national security affairs (Russian: Совет Безопасности РФ; Soviet Bezopasnosti). ... The Prime Minister of Russia is the current Head of Government of the Russian Federation. ... Viktor Alekseyevich Zubkov (Russian: ; b. ... Federal Assembly of Russia (Федеральное Собрание) is the name of the parliament of the Russian Federation, according to the Constitution of Russian Federation, 1993. ... Federation Council of Russia (Russian: ; Sovet Federatsii) is the upper house of the Federal Assembly of Russia (parliament of the Russian Federation), according to the 1993 Constitution of the Russian Federation. ... According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Russian judiciary shall have judicial appeal and judicial review at the level of the Supreme Court. ... Constitutional Court of Russian Federation (Russian: Конституционный Суд Российской Федерации) is a high court which is empowered to rule on whether or not certain laws or presidential decrees are in fact contrary to the Constitution of Russia. ... The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation (Russian: ) is the final instance in administrative law, civil law and criminal law cases. ... The Supreme Court of Arbitration of the Russian Federation is the final instance in commercial disputes in Russia. ... The Public Chamber (In Russian: Общественная палата) is a state institution with 126 members created in 2005 in Russia to analyze draft legislation and monitor the activities of the parliament, government and other government bodies of Russia and its Federal Subjects. ... The State Council of the Russian Federation (Russian: Государственный Совет) is an advisory body to the Head of State, which deals with issues of the highest importance to the state as a whole. ... The primary and fundamental statement of laws in the Russian Federation is the Constitution of the Russian Federation. ... Political parties in Russia lists political parties in Russia. ... Elections in Russia gives information on election and election results in Russia. ... Presidential elections were held in the Russian Federation on March 26, 2000. ... Presidential elections were held in the Russian Federation on March 14, 2004. ... The Russian Presidential election of 2008, scheduled to be held on March 2, 2008[1] is widely expected to be a race between a Kremlin-backed candidate supported by incumbent president Vladimir Putin, the candidates of the Communists and right-wing opposition, and nominees from the liberal opposition. ... Legislative elections were held in the Russian Federation on December 19, 1999. ... Legislative elections were held in the Russian Federation on December 7, 2003. ... Legislative elections will be held in the Russian Federation on December 2, 2007[1]. At stake are the 450 seats in the State Duma (Gosudarstvennaya Duma), the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia (The legislature). ... A referendum was held in Russia on 25 April, 1993, following the constitutional crisis earlier in the year. ... A referendum was held in Russia on 12 December, 1993. ... The Central Election Commission of Russia is the superior power body responsible for conducting federal elections and overseeing local elections in the Russian Federation founded in Spetember 1993. ... Russia is a federation which consists of 86 subjects[1]. These subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal representation—two delegates each—in the Federation Council (upper house of the Russian parliament). ... // The rights and liberties of the citizens of the Russian Federation are granted by the 2nd Chapter of the Constitution adopted in 1993. ... Regarding the foreign relations of Russia, Russia has taken important steps to become a full partner in the worlds principal political groupings. ... The Russian Federation has one of the largest networks of embassies and consulates of any country. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... State Duma may refer to one of the following. ... Motto: none Anthem: Hymn of the Russian Federation Capital Moscow Largest city Moscow Official language(s) Russian Government Semi-presidential Federal republic  - President of Russia Vladimir Putin  - Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov Independence From the Soviet Union   - Declared June 12, 1991   - Finalized December 25, 1991  Area    - Total 17,075,400 km... A lower house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the upper house. ... Federal Assembly of Russia (Федеральное Собрание) is the name of the parliament of the Russian Federation, according to the Constitution of Russian Federation, 1993. ... A legislatureis a type of representative deliberative assembly with the power to ratify laws. ... For the demesne in The Keys to the Kingdom series, see The House An upper house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house. ... Federation Council of Russia (Russian: ; Sovet Federatsii) is the upper house of the Federal Assembly of Russia (parliament of the Russian Federation), according to the 1993 Constitution of the Russian Federation. ... For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). ... Manege Square (Russian: ) is a large pedestrian open space at the very centre of Moscow bound by the Hotel Moskva (to the east), the State Historical Museum and the Alexander Garden (to the south), the Moscow Manege (to the west), and the 18th-century headquarters of the Moscow State University... “Yeltsin” redirects here. ... Boris Yeltsin was President of the Russian Federation at the time of the crisis. ...

History

Main article: State Duma of the Russian Empire

The State Duma was first introduced in 1906 and was Russia's first elected parliament. The first two attempts by Tsar Nicholas II were too radical and ineffective and were subsequently dissolved after only a few months each. After the 1907 electoral reform the third Duma, elected in November 1907, was largely made up of members of the upper classes and radical influences in the Duma had almost entirely been removed. The establishment of the Duma after the 1905 Revolution was to herald significant changes to the Russian autocratic system. Furthermore the Duma was later to have a larger effect on Russia as it was one of the contributing factors in the February Revolution, which led to the abolition of the autocracy in Russia. State Duma of the Russian Empire was a legislative assembly in the late Russian Empire. ... Nicholas II can refer to: Pope Nicholas II Tsar Nicholas II of Russia This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... (Redirected from 1905 Revolution) The Russian Revolution of 1905 was a country-wide spasm of anti-government and undirected violence. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

State Duma in the Constitution of Russia

The State Duma has its powers enumerated by the Constitution of Russia. They are: The enumerated powers are a list of specific responsibilities found in Article 1 Section 8 of the United States Constitution, which enumerate the authority granted to the United States Congress. ... The current Constitution of the Russian Federation (Конституция Российской Федерации) was adopted by national referendum on December 12, 1993 replacing the previous Soviet-era Constitution of April 12, 1978 of Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic following the Russian constitutional crisis of 1993. ...

• To pass laws by a majority, which must then be approved by the Federation Council and signed by the President
  • To similarly amend the constitution with a two thirds majority.
• To override a rejection of a law by the Federation Council of Russia by two thirds
• To override the veto of the President by a two thirds majority (The Federation Council must also vote to override with a three quarters majority)
• To approve or reject the President's nominee for Prime Minister of Russia
• To appoint the deputy chairman of the Audit Chamber and half of its auditors
• To file an impeachment against the President (Requires a two thirds majority)
• All bills related to revenue are debated and approved here, to be further debated and approved in the Federation Council.
• Considers and approves federal taxes and levies.
• Debates matters of war and peace.
• Duties are enumerated in Section 1, Chapter 5, Articles 100-108, in the Russian Constitution.

Additionally, there are constitutionally 450 deputies of the State Duma (Article 95), each elected to a term of four years (Article 96). Russian citizens at least 21 years old are eligible to run for the Duma (Article 97). Seats are awarded on the basis of the percentage of election votes won by a party. The party then elects candidates to fill its eligible seats. Federation Council of Russia (Russian: ; Sovet Federatsii) is the upper house of the Federal Assembly of Russia (parliament of the Russian Federation), according to the 1993 Constitution of the Russian Federation. ... The Prime Minister of Russia is the current Head of Government of the Russian Federation. ... Depiction of the impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson, then President of the United States, in 1868. ...

The current speaker of the State Duma is Boris Gryzlov since December 29, 2003. Boris Gryzlov Boris Vyacheslavovich Gryzlov or Boris Grizlov (Russian: Борис Вячеславович Грызлов) (b. ... is the 363rd day of the year (364th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Speakers of the State Duma

• Ivan Rybkin (Agrarian Party of Russia) January 14, 1994 - January 17, 1996
• Gennady Seleznyov (Communist Party of the Russian Federation) January 17, 1996 - December 29, 2003
• Boris Gryzlov (United Russia) December 29, 2003-Present

Ivan Petrovich Rybkin (b. ... Emblem of Agrarian Party of Russia The Agrarian Party of Russia (Agrarnaya Partiya Rossii, Аграрная Партия России, АПР) is a left-wing agrarian party in Russia. ... is the 14th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ... is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... Gennadiy Seleznyov (b. ... The Communist Party of the Russian Federation (Russian: Коммунистическая партия Российской Федерации = КПРФ; translit. ... is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 363rd day of the year (364th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Boris Gryzlov Boris Vyacheslavovich Gryzlov or Boris Grizlov (Russian: Борис Вячеславович Грызлов) (b. ... United Russia (Yedinaya Rossiya, Russian Единая Россия; the more correct translation is Unified Russia) is a political party in the Russian Federation which usually labels itself centrist. ... is the 363rd day of the year (364th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Latest election

Boris Gryzlov, speaker of the Russian State Duma since December of 2003

Emblem commemorating 100 years of State Duma in Russia

Main article: Russian legislative election, 2007

File links The following pages link to this file: Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs Categories: Conditional use images ... File links The following pages link to this file: Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs Categories: Conditional use images ... Boris Gryzlov Boris Vyacheslavovich Gryzlov or Boris Grizlov (Russian: Борис Вячеславович Грызлов) (b. ... Image File history File links State_Duma_symbol. ... Image File history File links State_Duma_symbol. ... Legislative elections will be held in the Russian Federation on December 2, 2007[1]. At stake are the 450 seats in the State Duma (Gosudarstvennaya Duma), the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia (The legislature). ... is the 336th day of the year (337th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with State Duma. ... United Russia (Yedinaya Rossiya, Russian Единая Россия; the more correct translation is Unified Russia) is a political party in the Russian Federation which usually labels itself centrist. ... The Communist Party of the Russian Federation (Russian: Коммунистическая партия Российской Федерации = КПРФ; translit. ... Leader of the party The Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (Либерально-Демократическая Партия России, Liberalno-Demokratičeskaja Partija Rossii) is a far right political party in Russia. ... Fair Russia: Motherland/Pensioners/Life[1] (Russian: ; Spravedlivaya Rossiya: Rodina/Pensionery/Zhizn), also translated as Russia of Justice: Motherland/Pensioners/Life,[2] Justice Russia: Motherland/Pensioners/Life[3] and Just Russia: Motherland/Pensioners/Life,[4] was formed on 28 October 2006 as a merger of Rodina, the Russian Party of... Emblem of Agrarian Party of Russia The Agrarian Party of Russia (Agrarnaya Partiya Rossii, Аграрная Партия России, АПР) is a left-wing agrarian party in Russia. ... The Russian Democratic Party Yabloko (Russian: Российская демократическая партия Яблоко Rossiyskaya demokraticheskaya partiya Yabloko; (Russian: - Apple) is a Russian socially liberal party led by Grigory Alexeyevich Yavlinsky. ... Civilian Power (or Citizens Force, Russian: Гражданская сила) is a liberal political party in the Russian Federation, which prior to February 2007 was called Free Russia. ... The Union of Right Forces, or SPS (Сою́з Пра́вых Сил, СПС/Soyuz Pravykh Sil), is a Russian democratic opposition party associated with free market reforms, privatization, and the legacy of the Young Reformers of the 1990s: Anatoly Chubais, Boris Nemtsov, and Yegor Gaidar. ... Patriots of Russia (Russian: Патриоты России ) is a Russian political party established in April 2005 by Gennady Semigin, who was expelled from Communist Party of Russia after he failed in a power struggle with Gennady Zuganov. ... The Russian Social Justice Party (Rossijskaja Partija Spravedlibosti) is a political party in Russia. ... The Democratic Party of Russia or DPR (Russian: Демократическая Партия России, Demokratičeskaya Partiya Rossii) is a Russian political party founded in 1990 by Nikolai Travkin. ...

Current composition

Main article: Russian legislative election, 2007

Legislative elections will be held in the Russian Federation on December 2, 2007[1]. At stake are the 450 seats in the State Duma (Gosudarstvennaya Duma), the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia (The legislature). ... United Russia (Yedinaya Rossiya, Russian Единая Россия; the more correct translation is Unified Russia) is a political party in the Russian Federation which usually labels itself centrist. ... The Communist Party of the Russian Federation (Russian: Коммунистическая партия Российской Федерации = КПРФ; translit. ... Leader of the party The Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (Либерально-Демократическая Партия России, Liberalno-Demokratičeskaja Partija Rossii) is a far right political party in Russia. ... Fair Russia: Motherland/Pensioners/Life[1] (Russian: ; Spravedlivaya Rossiya: Rodina/Pensionery/Zhizn), also translated as Russia of Justice: Motherland/Pensioners/Life,[2] Justice Russia: Motherland/Pensioners/Life[3] and Just Russia: Motherland/Pensioners/Life,[4] was formed on 28 October 2006 as a merger of Rodina, the Russian Party of...

Presidential Envoys to the State Duma

• Alexander Yakovlev (February 18, 1994, – February 10, 1996)
• Alexander Kotenkov (February 10, 1996, – April 5, 2004)
• Alexander Kosopkin (since April 5, 2004)

Alexander Yakovlev may refer to: Alexander Nikolaevich Yakovlev, a prominent supporter of glasnost and ally of Mikhael Gorbachev in the 1980s. ... is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ... is the 41st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 41st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 95th day of the year (96th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 95th day of the year (96th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• (Russian) Official site