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The State Peace and Development Council (Burmese: ; IPA: [nàiNŋàNdɔ̀ éiʤáN θàja yéi n̥ḭN pʰṵNpʰyo yéi kaùNsì]; abbreviated SPDC) is the official name of the military regime of Myanmar (formerly known as Burma). It seized power by force instead of taking part in the election of 1990 which resulted in overwhelming support for the opposition National League for Democracy (NLD). The State Peace and Development Council (Burmese: ; IPA: ; abbreviated SPDC) is the official name of the military regime of Myanmar (formerly known as Burma). ... Senior General Than Shwe (Burmese: သန္‌​းေရ္ဝ္ဟ; IPA: ; born February 2, 1933) is the ruler of Myanmar (Burma), serving as Commander-in-Chief of the Tatmadaw and chairman of the State Peace and Development Council since April 23, 1992. ... The Prime Minister of Myanmar is a high-ranking official in the government of Myanmar (or Burma). ... General Soe Win (born 1948?) is the Prime Minister of Myanmar. ... Lieutenant General Thein Sein is the acting prime minister of Myanmar. ... Political parties in Myanmar lists political parties in Myanmar (Burma). ... The National Unity Party (Taingyintha Silonenyinyutye) is a political party in Myanmar (Burma). ... Elections in Myanmar are a rarity. ... General elections were held in Myanmar on 27 May, 1990. ... Human rights in Myanmar (known as Burma to those who do not recognize the ruling military junta) are a long-standing concern for the international community and human rights organizations. ... Official language Burmese Headquarters In Exile in Rockville, Maryland,United States Prime Minister Sein Win Constitution December 18, 1990 national anthem Kaba Ma Kyei Web site Website of the NCGUB National Coalition Government of the Union Burma (NCGUB; Burmese: ???) is an exile government headquartered in Rockville, Maryland. ... The flag features a yellow dancing peacock, which has been a sign of freedom in modern Burmese history. ... Aung San Suu Kyi (Burmese: ; MLCTS: ; IPA: ); born 19 June 1945 in Yangon (Rangoon), is a nonviolent pro-democracy activist and leader of the National League for Democracy in Myanmar (Burma), and a noted prisoner of conscience. ... The Shan Nationalities League for Democracy is a political party in Myanmar (Burma), representing the interests of the Shan minority. ... A wave of anti-government protests started in Myanmar (Burma) on August 15, 2007, and has been ongoing since then. ... Burma is divided into 7 states and 7 divisions: Categories: | | ... // International disputes There is sporadic conflict with Thailand over the alignment of the border. ... The renaming of Burma to Myanmar in the English language, decided by the Burmese military regime in 1989, has been controversial. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabet”. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ... The flag features a yellow dancing peacock, which has been a sign of freedom in modern Burmese history. ...

The regime has been accused of brutal persecutions of minority ethnic groups, opposition groups, students and human-rights activists. It has also brought a level of stability in the country through this authoritarian rule.

In 1997, Burma's ruling military junta announced it was changing its name from the State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC) to the "State Peace and Development Council" (SPDC). The SPDC consists of the commanders of the service branches and of the regional military commands. The nineteen members of the junta probably wield a great deal more power than the cabinet ministers. Some members of the junta also hold cabinet portfolios. By most accounts, regional commanders enjoy a great deal of autonomy in their respective areas. A military dictatorship is a form of government wherein the political power resides with the military; it is similar but not identical to a stratocracy, a state ruled directly by the military. ... Insignia of a United States Navy Commander Commander is a military rank used in many navies but not generally in armies or air forces. ... The Myanmar Army is the land component, the army, of Myanmar, previously known as Burma. ... Alternate meanings in cabinet (disambiguation) A Cabinet is a body of high-ranking members of government, typically representing the executive branch. ... A cabinet is a body of high-ranking members of government, typically representing the executive branch. ...

History

SLORC was formed when the Burmese armed forces, commanded by General Saw Maung (later self-promoted to 'Senior General' Saw Maung, died July 1997), seized power on 18 September 1988 crushing the 'Four Eights' uprising. On the day it seized power SLORC issued Order No.1/1988 stating that the Armed Forces had taken over power and announced the formation of the SLORC. With Order No. 2/1988, the SLORC abolished all 'Organs of State Power' that were formed under the 1974 Burmese Constitution. The Pyithu Hluttaw (the Legislature under the 1974 Constitution), the Council of Ministers (the Cabinet), the Council of People's Justices (the Judiciary), the Council of People's Attorneys (the 'Attorney-General Office'), the Council of People's Inspectors (the 'Auditor-General Office'), as well as the State/Division, Township, Ward/Village People's Councils were abolished. Saw Maung (1928 - 24 July 1997) was a political figure in Myanmar. ... 8888 Uprising (Burmese: ; MLCTS: ) was a national uprising demanding democracy that took place on 8 August 1988 in Burma (now Myanmar). ...

The SLORC also stated that the services of the Deputy Ministers in the previous Burma Socialist Programme Party (BSPP) government which it replaced were also terminated. (Under the 1974 Burmese Constitution the 'Council of Ministers' acted as a Cabinet but since the Deputy Ministers were not considered to be formally part of the Council of Ministers the SLORC made sure that the Deputy Minister's -- together with the Ministers' -- services in the previous BSPP government from whom it had taken over power were also terminated.) The Orders that SLORC issued on the day of its takeover can be seen in the 19 September 1988 issue of The Working People's Daily. The first Chairman of SLORC was General Saw Maung, later Senior General Saw Maung. Saw Maung was also the Prime Minister. Saw Maung was removed as both Chairman of SLORC and Prime Minister on 23 April 1992 and General Than Shwe (later Senior General Than Shwe) took over both posts from him. Saw Maung (1928 - 24 July 1997) was a political figure in Myanmar. ... A prime minister is the most senior minister of a cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. ... Senior General Than Shwe (Burmese: သန္‌​းေရ္ဝ္ဟ; IPA: ; born February 2, 1933) is the ruler of Myanmar (Burma), serving as Commander-in-Chief of the Tatmadaw and chairman of the State Peace and Development Council since April 23, 1992. ...

On 15 November 1997 the SLORC was abolished and reconstituted itself as the State Peace and Development Council. Most but not all members of the abolished SLORC were in the SPDC.

List of Heads of State of Burma (1948-Present)

Presidents of the Union of Burma (1948-1988)

• Sao Shwe Thaik (4 January 1948 - 16 March 1952)
• Ba U (16 March 1952 - 13 March 1957)
• Win Maung (13 March 1957 - 2 March 1962)
• General Ne Win (2 March 1962 - 9 November 1981) (Chairman Revolutionary Council to 2 March 1974)
• General San Yu (9 November 1981 - 25 July 1988)
• Colonel Sein Lwin (25 July - 19 August 1988)
• Maung Maung (19 August - 18 September 1988)

This article is in need of attention. ... is the 4th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... March 16 is the 75th day of the year (76th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1952 (MCMLII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... U Ba U KBE (born in 1887, died 1963), was a lawyer, High Court judge, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Burma (1948-1952), and President of Burma from 16 March 1952 to 13 March 1957. ... March 16 is the 75th day of the year (76th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1952 (MCMLII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 72nd day of the year (73rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar). ... Mahn Win Maung (1916 - July 5, 1989) was the last President of an elected government of Burma now Myanmar. ... is the 72nd day of the year (73rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 61st day of the year (62nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... is the 61st day of the year (62nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 313th day of the year (314th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 61st day of the year (62nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. ... General San Yu (3 March 1918 - 30 January 1996), also known as Bo Gyoke Kyi San Yu or U San Yu was the former Commander in Chief of the Tatmadaw and President of Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma, now known as simply as Union of Myanmar, from 9... is the 313th day of the year (314th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 206th day of the year (207th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar). ... U Sein Lwin (1923-11 April 2004), was a former General, Prime Minister (4 March 1974-29 March 1977) and briefly President of Myanmar (27 July – 12 August 1988). ... is the 206th day of the year (207th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 231st day of the year (232nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... is the 231st day of the year (232nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 261st day of the year (262nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar). ...

Chairmen of the State Law and Order Restoration Council of the Union of Myanmar (1988-1997)

• Senior General Saw Maung (18 September 1988 - 23 April 1992)
• Senior General Than Shwe (23 April 1992 - 15 November 1997)

Anthem: Kaba Ma Kyei Capital Naypyidaw Largest city Yangon (Rangoon) Official language(s) Burmese Government Military junta  - Chairman, SPDC Sr. ... Saw Maung (1928 - 24 July 1997) was a political figure in Myanmar. ... is the 261st day of the year (262nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 113th day of the year (114th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... Senior General Than Shwe (Burmese: သန္‌​းေရ္ဝ္ဟ; IPA: ; born February 2, 1933) is the ruler of Myanmar (Burma), serving as Commander-in-Chief of the Tatmadaw and chairman of the State Peace and Development Council since April 23, 1992. ... is the 113th day of the year (114th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 319th day of the year (320th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the band, see 1997 (band). ...

Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council of the Union of Myanmar (1997-present)

• Senior General Than Shwe (15 November 1997 - Present)

Anthem: Kaba Ma Kyei Capital Naypyidaw Largest city Yangon (Rangoon) Official language(s) Burmese Government Military junta  - Chairman, SPDC Sr. ... Senior General Than Shwe (Burmese: သန္‌​းေရ္ဝ္ဟ; IPA: ; born February 2, 1933) is the ruler of Myanmar (Burma), serving as Commander-in-Chief of the Tatmadaw and chairman of the State Peace and Development Council since April 23, 1992. ... is the 319th day of the year (320th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the band, see 1997 (band). ...

Leaders of SPDC

• Chairman, Senior-General Than Shwe, Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services
• Vice-Chairman, Vice Senior General Maung Aye, Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services, Commander-in-Chief (Army)

Senior General Than Shwe (Burmese: သန္‌​းေရ္ဝ္ဟ; IPA: ; born February 2, 1933) is the ruler of Myanmar (Burma), serving as Commander-in-Chief of the Tatmadaw and chairman of the State Peace and Development Council since April 23, 1992. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Members

• General Thura Shwe Mann, Joint Chief of Staff of the Army, Navy and Air Force
• General Soe Win, Prime Minister
• Lieutenant-General Thein Sein, First Secretary of SPDC, Adjutant General
• Lieutenant-General Thiha Thura Tin Aung Myint Oo, Quartermaster General
• Lieutenant-General Kyaw Win, Chief of Bureau of Special Operation-2 (Shan, Kayah)
• Lieutenant-General Tin Aye, Chief of Military Ordance
• Lieutenant-General Ye Myint, Chief of Bureau of Special Operation - 1 (Kachin, Chin, Sagaing, Magawe, Mandalay)
• Lieutenant-General Aung Htwe, Chief of Armed Forces Training
• Lieutenant-General Khin Maung Than, Chief of Bureau of Special Operation - 3 (Pegu, Rangoon, Irrawaddy, Arakan)
• Lieutenant-General Maung Bo, Chief of Bureau of Special Operation - 4 (Karen, Mon, Tenasserim)

General Thura Shwe Mann Thura Shwe Mann (born 1947) is Joint Chief of Staff of the Burmese Armed Forces, and third-highest ranking member of the State Peace and Development Council, after Than Shwe and Maung Aye. ... General Soe Win (born 1948?) is the Prime Minister of Myanmar. ... Lieutenant General Thein Sein is the acting prime minister of Myanmar. ...

External links

Current events/Southeast Asia Portal

• Official Page of SPDC
• Another Official Page of SPDC
• Burma Campaign UK
• Members of State Peace and Development Council (SPDC)

Image File history File links Portal. ...

References