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 Victims of State terrorism from Cambodia State terrorism is a controversial term (see:State terrorism: Confines and definition), which means violence against civilians perpetrated by a national government or proxy state. Whether a particular act is described as "terrorism" may depend on whether the international community considers the action justified or necessary, or whether the described act is carried out as part of an armed conflict. It has to be mentioned, that the opinion of the International community cannot be defined and determined with with universal agreement. State terrorism, where applicable, may be directed toward the population or infrastructure of the state in question or towards the population of other states. Although attacks on non-combatant civilians may occur during a time of war, they are not usually considered terrorism, especially if these are attacks on the enemy's war fighting capacity (for example an industrial port). The terrorism may be carried out by the state's own forces, such as an army, police, state supported militias, or other organisations, where it is more usually called state sponsored terrorism. Image File history File links Circle-question. ...
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A government is a body that has the authority to make and the power to enforce laws within a civil, corporate, religious, academic, or other organization or group. ...
According to the notion of client states, just as a client of a corporation remains dependent on the corporation for a continued supply of products, and just as it is in the companys interest to make expendable products which need to be replaced regularly, client states of the two...
Terrorist redirects here. ...
The term international community can refer to either: All the lands represented in United Nations. ...
A war is a conflict between two or more groups that involve large numbers of individuals. ...
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
Lexington Minuteman representing militia minuteman John Parker A militia is the activity of one or more citizens organized to provide defense or paramilitary service, or those engaged in such activity. ...
State terrorism is a controversial term that is separate from the more common term state sponsored terrorism. ...
Care should be taken to differentiate state terrorism from acts of violence carried out by government agents, which are not specified by government policy or past conduct. A murder carried out by a policeman, for example, is not state terrorism unless the government sanctioned the action by policy or conduct such as a pattern of attacks by state agents in the past that has gone unpunished, leading perpetrators to assume they act with impunity.
Terrorist redirects here. ...
Few words are as politically or emotionally charged as terrorism. ...
Although there are earlier related examples, the history of terrorism in the modern sense seems to have emerged around the mid 19th-century. ...
International conventions on terrorism set out obligations of states in respect to defining international counter terrorist offences, prosecuting individuals suspected of such offences, extraditing such persons upon request, and providing mutual legal assistance upon request. ...
Counter-terrorism refers to the practices, tactics, and strategies that governments, militaries, and other groups adopt in order to fight terrorism. ...
Combatants Participants in Operations: United States United Kingdom Turkey South Korea Canada Israel Spain Portugal Pakistan Afghanistan Australia New Zealand Italy Netherlands Denmark France Germany Norway Slovakia Romania Philippines Poland Ukraine Georgia Jordan Saudi Arabia NATO New Iraqi Army and others Targets of Operations: al-Qaeda Taliban Baathist Iraq...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with List of terrorist organizations. ...
The following is a timeline of acts and failed attempts that can be considered terrorism. ...
The term Agro-terrorism is a controversial neologism used to describe threats by a terrorist act on the food chain. ...
The heyday of anarchist terrorism was from the 1870s to the 1920s. ...
Bioterrorism is terrorism using germ warfare, an intentional human release of a naturally-occurring or human-modified toxin or biological agent. ...
Cyber-terrorism is the use of computers and information technology, particularly the Internet, to cause harm or severe disruption with the aim of advancing the attackers own political or religious goals. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Narcoterrorism is a term coined by former President Belaunde Terry of Peru in 1983 when describing terrorist-type attacks against his nations anti-narcotics police. ...
Nationalist terrorism is a form of terrorism through which participants attempt to form an independent state against what they consider an occupying, imperial, or otherwise illegitimate state. ...
Nuclear terrorism can be used to describe any of the following terrorist assaults: Use of nuclear weapons against a civilian target Use of a radiological weapon or dirty bomb against a civilian target An attack against a nuclear power plant Some believe that no such act has ever taken place. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Terrorism. ...
Ethnic violence (also known as ethnic terrorism or ethnically-motivated terrorism) refers to violence that is dominantly motivated by causes and issues related to ethnicity. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Religious violence. ...
State-sponsored terrorism (SST) is a political term used to refer to finance/bounties, equipment and intelligence material given across international boundaries to terrorist organizations and the families of deceased militants for the purpose of conducting or rewarding attacks on civilians. ...
Hijackers inside flightdeck of TWA Flight 847 Aircraft hijacking (also known as skyjacking and aircraft piracy) is the take-over of an aircraft, by a person or group, usually armed. ...
Assassin and Targeted killing redirect here. ...
Car bomb in Iraq, made from a number of concealed artillery shells in the back of a pickup truck. ...
A suicide attack is an attack in which the attacker or attackers intend to kill others and intend to die in the process (see suicide). ...
A terrorist front organization is created to conceal activities or provide logistical or financial support to the illegal activities. ...
For the role-playing game books, please see Lone Wolf. ...
Confines and definition -
State terrorism, like terrorism, is controversial and there is no generally accepted definition. Often acts that critics describe as terror, supporters defend as legitimate defence against perceived threats. Generally, the definition of terrorism does not extend to states in direct and open military conflict, if the actions of their armed forces are within the laws of war. Few words are as politically or emotionally charged as terrorism. ...
The two parts of the laws of war (or Law of Armed Conflict (LOAC)): Law concerning acceptable practices while engaged in war, like the Geneva Conventions, is called jus in bello; while law concerning allowable justifications for armed force is called jus ad bellum. ...
The distinction between state and nonstate terror has been criticized as being morally relativist and as distracting from or justifying state terrorism perpetrated by favored states, typically those of wealthy and developed nations (Chomsky and Herman, 1979).The Spanish judge Baltasar Garzón views particular political systems as instances of state terrorism: "State terrorism is a political system whose rule of recognition permits and/or imposes a clandestine, unpredictable, and diffuse application, even regarding clearly innocent people, of coercive means prohibited by the proclaimed judicial ordinance." Avram Noam Chomsky, Ph. ...
Edward S. Herman is an economist and media analyst with a specialty in corporate and regulatory issues as well as political economy and the media. ...
Baltasar Garzón Real (born October 26, 1955 in Torres, Jaén, Spain) is a prominent judge (investigating magistrate) of Spain. ...
A political system is a social system of politics and government. ...
Methods of state terror Kangaroo courts, torture, terror bombing, kidnapping, and extrajudicial execution are said to be common practices of state terror, often used to terrorize domestic and foreign populations by sovereign or proxy regimes. Look up kangaroo court in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
The word torture is commonly used to mean the infliction of pain to break the will of the victim(s). ...
Terror bombing is a strategy of deliberately bombing civilian targets and strafing civilians in order to break the morale of the enemy and make the civilian population of the enemy panic. ...
Extrajudicial execution and extrajudicial punishment are terms to describe death sentences and other types of punishment, respectively, executed without prior proper judicial procedure. ...
Citizens of Western nations are generally protected from unfair trial by constitutional or legislative safeguards and the requirements of due process. Undeveloped nations may have weaker institutions and unstable political climates that allow governments to have greater influence over the judiciary than in wealthier nations, allowing dissenters to be victimized as criminals. The term Western World or the West can have multiple meanings depending on its context. ...
In United States law, adopted from English law, due process (more fully due process of law) is the principle that the government must normally respect all of a persons legal rights instead of just some or most of those legal rights when the government deprives a person of life...
According to Amnesty International (1997), in 1996, out of 150 countries surveyed, 82 had participated in torture. Amnesty International symbol Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is a non-governmental organization (NGO) comprising a worldwide movement of people who campaign for internationally recognized human rights.[1] Essentially it compares actual practices of human rights with internationally accepted standards and demands compliance where these have not...
1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ...
The word torture is commonly used to mean the infliction of pain to break the will of the victim(s). ...
Extrajudicial execution Extrajudicial execution, or political murder, takes place when state agents kill citizens who are viewed as threats, or to intimidate communities. Extrajudicial execution may be carried out by the official military, police forces, or unofficial but sanctioned paramilitaries (often called "death squads" or euphemized as "civilian defence"). In the latter case, there may be strong ties between the paramilitaries and official forces, with an overlapping membership and/or a "blind eye" turned to illegal activities. A paramilitary organization is a group of civilians trained and organized in a military fashion. ...
A death squad is an armed group that carries out, usually in secrecy, extrajudicial assassinations and forced disappearances of activists, dissidents and others perceived as interfering with a social or political status quo. ...
See also: Janjaweed The Janjaweed (Arabic: جنجويد, variously transliterated Janjawid, Janjawed, Jingaweit, Jinjaweed, Janjawiid, Janjiwid, Janjaweit, etc. ...
Such death squads often unpredictably attack the socially disadvantaged ("undesirables"), religious or ethnic minorities, or citizens deemed to be subversive. Their targets typically include the homeless, street children, union leaders, indigenous peoples, clergy, activists, journalists, and academics. Death squads conveniently shield their sponsors from liability, the illusion of spontaneous criminal violence providing plausible deniability. Often, the bodies of victims are secretly disposed, typically in mass graves, leaving no evidence of a crime and increasing the trauma to families and communities. These cases are known as "forced disappearances", and take place particularly in South America. The UN Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances was formed in 1980 to investigate the global phenomenon of unexplained disappearances. A homeless man pushes a cart down the street. ...
A street child or street kid is a child who lives on the street – in particular, one that is not taken care of by parents or other adults – and who sleeps on the street because he or she does not have a home. ...
A Trade Union (Labour union) ... is a continuous association of wage-earners for the purpose of maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment. ...
Indigenous peoples are: Peoples living in an area prior to colonization by a state Peoples living in an area within a nation-state, prior to the formation of a nation-state, but who do not identify with the dominant nation. ...
Clergy is the generic term used to describe the formal religious leadership within a given religion. ...
Activism, in a general sense, can be described as intentional action to bring about social or political change. ...
This does not cite its references or sources. ...
Plato is credited with the inception of academia: the body of knowledge, its development and transmission across generations. ...
In politics and espionage, deniability is the ability of a powerful player or actor to avoid blowback by secretly arranging for an action to be taken on their behalf by a third party. ...
Grave in Sarajevo during the siege in 1992-1993. ...
Psychological trauma is a type of damage to the psyche that occurs as a result of a traumatic event. ...
A forced disappearance occurs when an organization forces a person to vanish from public view, either by murder or by simple sequestration. ...
South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ...
1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ...
See also: Albanians in the Republic of Macedonia Albanians in the Republic of Macedonia, according to the 1981 census. ...
Acts labelled as state terrorism, sorted by state -
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
See also This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ...
A crime against humanity is a term in international law that refers to acts of persecution or any large scale atrocities against a body of people, as being the criminal offence above all others. ...
Dirty War (in Spanish: Guerra Sucia) refers to a program of a state-sponsored war on domestic citizens in response to strikes, social unrest, violence or subversion that is claimed to threaten a countrys stability. ...
The Secret War (1962-1975) was the Laos front of the Second Indochina War. ...
False flag operations are covert operations conducted by governments, corporations, or other organizations, which are designed to appear as if they are being carried out by other entities. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Emblem of Gladio, Italian branch of the NATO stay-behind paramilitary organizations. ...
Northwoods Memorandum (March 13, 1962) (PDF) Operation Northwoods, or Northwoods, was a 1962 plan to generate U.S. public support for military action against the Cuban government of Fidel Castro, as part of the U.S. governments Operation Mongoose anti-Castro initiative. ...
COINTELPRO (Counter Intelligence Program) is a program of the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation aimed at investigating and disrupting dissident political organizations within the United States. ...
Selective Assassination is a policy of selecting targets, using arms, training personnel and cover-up strategies designed to justify assassination as the means to meet a political agenda. ...
State-sponsored terrorism (SST) is a political term used to refer to finance/bounties, equipment and intelligence material given across international boundaries to terrorist organizations and the families of deceased militants for the purpose of conducting or rewarding attacks on civilians. ...
Terror bombing is a strategy of deliberately bombing civilian targets and strafing civilians in order to break the morale of the enemy and make the civilian population of the enemy panic. ...
Terrorist redirects here. ...
In the context of war, a war crime is a punishable offense under International Law, for violations of the laws of war by any person or persons, military or civilian. ...
Color of is a legal term meaning pretense or appearance of some right. ...
References - Sluka, Jeffrey A. (Ed.) (2000). Death Squad: The Anthropology of State Terror. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-1711-X.
- Chomsky, Noam and Herman, Edward S. (1979). The Political Economy of Human Rights - Volume I. Boston: South End Press. ISBN 0-89608-090-0
- Alexander George (1991). Western State Terrorism. Polity Press. ISBN 0-7456-0931-7.
- Mark Curtis (2004). Unpeople: Britain's Secret Human Rights Abuses. Vintage. ISBN 0-09-946972-3.
Further reading - Chomsky, Noam. The Culture of Terrorism ISBN 0-89608-334-9
- Chomsky, Noam. 9/11 ISBN 1-58322-489-0
- George, Alexander. Western State Terrorism, Polity Press. ISBN 0-7456-0931-7
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