The GUM facade faces Red Square.

State Universal Store or GUM (ГУМ, pronounced as goom, in full Государственный Универсальный Магазин, Gosudarstvennyi Universalnyi Magazin) is a common name for the main department store in many cities of the Soviet Union and some post-Soviet states. The most famous GUM is a large store in Kitai-gorod of Moscow, facing Red Square. Prior to the 1920s the place was known as the Upper Trading Rows. Image File history File linksMetadata GUM_department_store_exterior. ... Image File history File linksMetadata GUM_department_store_exterior. ... The interior of a typical Macys department store. ... Iverskiye Gates leading to Red Square are the only extant gates of the Kitai-gorod wall. ... Location Position of Moscow in Europe Government Country District Subdivision Russia Central Federal District Federal City Mayor Yuriy Luzhkov Geographical characteristics Area  - City 1,081 km² Population  - City (2005)    - Density 10,415,400   8537. ... For other uses, see Red Square (disambiguation). ...

Moscow GUM

With the façade extending for 242 meters along the eastern side of Red Square, the Upper Trading Rows were built between 1890 and 1893 by Alexander Pomerantsev (responsible for architecture) and Vladimir Shukhov (responsible for engineering). The trapezoidal building features an interesting combination of elements of Russian medieval architecture and a steel framework and glass roof, a similar style to the great Victorian train stations of London. Nearby, also facing Red Square, is a very similar building, formerly known as the Middle Trading Rows. 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar). ... 1893 (MDCCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Upper Trading Rows facing the Red Square in Moscow, by Alexander Pomerantsev. ... Vladimir Grigorievich Shukhov Vladimir Grigorievich Shukhov (Russian: ), (August 28 [O.S. August 16] 1853 - February 2, 1939) was a great Russian engineer renowned for his pioneering works on new methods of analysis for civil engineering that led to breakthroughs in industrial design of oil reservoirs, pipelines, boilers, ships and barges. ... The old steel cable of a colliery winding tower Steel is a metal alloy whose major component is iron, with carbon content between 0. ... Glass can be made transparent and flat, or into other shapes and colors as shown in this ball from the Verrerie of Brehat in Brittany. ... Manchester Town Hall is an example of Victorian architecture found in Manchester, UK. The term Victorian architecture can refer to one of a number of architectural styles predominantly in the Victorian era. ... Passengers bustle around the typical grand edifice of Londons Broad Street station in 1865. ... London (pronounced ) is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom. ...

Inside the GUM, elongated shop galleries are bridged with innovative metal-and-glass vaults, designed by Vladimir Shukhov.

The existing structure — defined by William Craft Brumfield as "a tribute both to Shukhov's design and to the technical proficiency of Russian architecture toward the end of the 19th century" — was built to replace the previous trading rows that had burnt down in 1825. The glass-roof designed makes the building unique. The roof, whose diameter is 14 meters, looks light, but it is a firm construction made of over 50,000 pods (about 819 tons) of metal. Illumination is provided by huge arched skylights of iron and glass, each weighing some 820 tons and containing in excess of 20,000 panes of glass. By the time of the Russian Revolution of 1917, the building contained some 1,200 stores. The facade is split into several horizontal tiers, lined with red Finnish granite, Tarusa marble, and limestone. Each arcade is on three levels, linked by walkways of reinforced concrete. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (512x768, 89 KB) Beschreibung: Kaufhaus GUM (Gosudarstvennyj Universalnij Magazin) in Moskau Fotograf: Sansculotte Lizenz: File links The following pages link to this file: State Universal Store ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (512x768, 89 KB) Beschreibung: Kaufhaus GUM (Gosudarstvennyj Universalnij Magazin) in Moskau Fotograf: Sansculotte Lizenz: File links The following pages link to this file: State Universal Store ... Vladimir Grigorievich Shukhov Vladimir Grigorievich Shukhov (Russian: ), (August 28 [O.S. August 16] 1853 - February 2, 1939) was a great Russian engineer renowned for his pioneering works on new methods of analysis for civil engineering that led to breakthroughs in industrial design of oil reservoirs, pipelines, boilers, ships and barges. ... Vladimir Grigorievich Shukhov Vladimir Grigorievich Shukhov (Russian: ), (August 28 [O.S. August 16] 1853 - February 2, 1939) was a great Russian engineer renowned for his pioneering works on new methods of analysis for civil engineering that led to breakthroughs in industrial design of oil reservoirs, pipelines, boilers, ships and barges. ... Saint Basils Cathedral (1555-61) is a showcase of medieval Russian architecture. ... 1825 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... A roof tiled in imitation of thatch at Croyde, north Devon, England Rooftops in Vietnam Snow on the roof The roof, the top covering of a building, is one of the universal structures found on all buildings. ... Glass can be made transparent and flat, or into other shapes and colors as shown in this ball from the Verrerie of Brehat in Brittany. ... The Russian Revolution of 1917 was a series of political events in Russia, which, after the elimination of the Russian autocracy system, and the Provisional Government (Duma), resulted in the establishment of the Soviet power under the control of the Bolshevik party. ... Drawing of a self-service store. ... Tarusa (Таруса in Russian) is a town in the Kaluga Oblast in Russia. ...

Interior gallery, showing wonderful symmetry

After the Revolution the GUM was nationalised and continued to work as a department store until Josef Stalin turned it into office space in 1928 for the committee in charge of his first Five Year Plan. After the suicide of Stalin's wife Nadezhda in 1932, the GUM was used to display her body. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (480x640, 273 KB) Summary Family picture taken during recent trip to Russia Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (480x640, 273 KB) Summary Family picture taken during recent trip to Russia Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Nationalization is the act of taking assets into state ownership. ... (Russian, in full: Ио́сиф Виссарио́нович Ста́лин [Iosif Vissarionovich Stalin]; December 18 [O.S. December 6] 1878[1] – March 5, 1953) was the leader of the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s to his death in 1953 and General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922-1953... OFFICE WORK IS SHITE!! NEVER WORK IN ONE! end of. ... 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... A committee is a (relatively) small group that can serve one of several functions: Governance: in organizations too large for all the members to participate in decisions affecting the organization as a whole, a committee (such as a Board of Directors) is given the power to make decisions. ... Five-Year Plans or Piatiletkas (пятилетка) were a series of nation-wide centralized exercises in rapid economic development in the Soviet Union. ... Suicide (from Latin sui caedere, to kill oneself) is the act of willfully ending ones own life. ... Nadezhda Alliluyeva (1901 - November 9, 1932) was the second wife of Joseph Stalin. ... 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will take you to a full 1932 calendar). ...

After reopening as a department store in 1953, the GUM became one of the few stores in the Soviet Union that was not plagued by shortages of consumer goods, and the queues to purchase anything were long, often extending all across Red Square. 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1953 calendar). ... Consumers are individuals or households that consume goods and services generated within the economy. ... In providing services to people, and in computer science, transport and operations research a queue is a First-In-First-Out (FIFO) process â€” the first element in the queue will be the first one out. ...

At the end of the Soviet era, GUM was partially — and then fully — privatized, and passed through a number of owners. It ended up in the hands of the supermarket chain Perekryostok. In May 2005, a 50.25% interest was sold to Bosco di Ciliegi, a Russian luxury-goods distributor and boutique operator. As a private shopping mall, it was renamed in such a fashion that it could maintain its old abbreviation and still be called GUM. The first word "Gosudarstvennyj" has been replaced with "Glavnyj" (Rus. Главный) 'main', so that GUM is now an abbreviation for "Main Universal Store". Soviet redirects here. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

It is still open today, and is a popular tourist destination for those visiting Moscow. Many of the stores feature high-fashion brand names familiar in the west; locals refer to these as the "exhibitions of prices", the joke being that no one could afford to actually buy any of the items on display. As of 2005, there were approximately 200 stores. Tourists at Oahu island, Hawaii Tourism is the act of travel for predominantly recreational or leisure purposes, and also refers to the provision of services in support of this act. ... This article is about brands in marketing. ...

There is a similar historic department store rivalling GUM by its size, elegance and opulent architecture. It is called Central Universal Store (Tsentralniy Universalniy Magazin, abbreviated as TsUM) and sprawls just east of the Bolshoi Theatre. The interior of a typical Macys department store. ... Bolshoi Theatre The Bolshoi Theatre is a theatre and opera company in Moscow, Russia, which gives performances of ballet, opera, and plays. ...

External links

• Photos of GUM
• GUM website
• Satellite photo of the Moscow GUM
• How to Shop at GUM Moscow
• The Origins of Modernism in Russian Architecture
• Vladimir Grigorievich Shukhov

Image File history File links GUM_passage_by_Vladimir_Shukhov. ...

References

• Elizabeth Cooper English: “Arkhitektura i mnimosti”: The origins of Soviet avant-garde rationalist architecture in the Russian mystical-philosophical and mathematical intellectual tradition”, a dissertation in architecture, 264 p., University of Pennsylvania, 2000.
• Rainer Graefe: “Vladimir G. Šuchov 1853-1939 - Die Kunst der sparsamen Konstruktion.”, S.192, Stuttgart, DVA, 1990. [1]