Lu (Chinese: 魯國; pinyin: Lǔ Gúo) was an ancient state in China during the Spring and Autumn Period. Founded in the 10th century BC, its dukes used Ji as their family name. The first duke was Ji Boqin, son of Ji Dan, the then Prime Minister of Zhou. The state's capital was in Qufu and its territory mainly covered the central and southwest regions of Shandong Province. It was bordered to the north by the powerful state of Qi and to the south by the powerful state of Chu. Although a Qi invasion was defeated in the Battle of Changshao in 684 BC, the state was in decline during the Spring and Autumn Period. The political power of Lu was eventually split between the three powerful landlords Jisun, Mengsun and Shusun. Lu was annexed in 256 BC by the state of Chu. Pinyin (拼音, pīnyīn) literally means join (together) sounds (a less literal translation being phoneticize, spell or transcription) in Chinese and usually refers to Hànyǔ Pīnyīn (汉语拼音, literal meaning: Han language pinyin), which is a system of romanization (phonetic notation and transliteration to roman script) for Standard Mandarin used in the... The Spring and Autumn Period (Chinese: 春秋時代; pinyin: ) represented an era in Chinese history between 722 BC and 481 BC. The period takes its name from the Spring and Autumn Annals, a chronicle of the period whose authorship was traditionally attributed to Confucius. ... A prime minister is the leading member of the cabinet of the top level government in a parliamentary system of government of a country, alternatively A prime minister is an official in a presidential system or semi-presidential system whose duty is to execute the directives of the President and... Zhou refers to Zhou Dynasty (1122 BC - 256 BC) Zhou Dynasty (690 AD - 705 AD) Zhou (political division) — Zhou is the name of a type of political division of China. ... Qufu (曲阜, pinyin Qūfù, Wade-Giles Chü1-fu4) is the name of a city in Shandong Province, China. ... Shandong (Simplified Chinese: 山东; Traditional Chinese: 山東; pinyin: Shāndōng; Wade-Giles: Shan-tung) is a coastal province of eastern Peoples Republic of China. ... See Qi (disambiguation) for other meanings of Qi. Qi in English is often spelled as chi or chi. ... CHU is the callsign of a shortwave radio station in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (exact location - 45 1747N, 75 4522W), operated by the Institute for National Measurement Standards of the National Research Council of Canada. ... Centuries: 8th century BC - 7th century BC - 6th century BC Decades: 730s BC 720s BC 710s BC 700s BC 690s BC - 680s BC - 670s BC 660s BC 650s BC 640s BC 630s BC Events and trends 689 BC - King Sennacherib of Assyria sacks Babylon 687 BC - Gyges becomes king of... Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 260s BC - 250s BC - 240s BC 230s BC 220s BC 210s BC 200s BC Years: 261 BC 260 BC 259 BC 258 BC 257 BC - 256 BC - 255 BC 254 BC... State of Chu (small seal script, 220 BC) Chu (楚) was a kingdom in what is now southern China during the Spring and Autumn period (722-481 BCE) and Warring States (481-212 BCE) period. ...

Lu was the home state of Confucius. The Annals of Spring and Autumn was written to record the history of Lu. Another great work of Chinese history, Zuo Zhuan or Annals of Zuo was also written in Lu. Confucius (traditionally September 8? 551 BCE–479 BCE) was a famous sage and social philosopher of China whose teachings deeply influenced East Asia during twenty centuries. ... The Annals of Spring and Autumn (春秋 Chūn Qiū, also known as 麟經 Lín Jīng) was the chronicle of the state of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period, from 722 BC to 481 BC. Traditionally attributed to Confucius as writer or at least editor, it covers not only annual...