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Encyclopedia > Stateless person

A stateless person is someone with no citizenship or nationality. It may be because the state that gave their previous nationality has ceased to exist and there is no successor state, or their nationality has been repudiated by their own state, effectively making them refugees. People may also be stateless if they are members of a group which is denied citizen status in the country on whose territory they are born, if they are born in disputed territories, if they are born in an area ruled by an entity whose independence is not internationally recognized, or if they are born on territory over which no modern state claims sovereignty. Image File history File links Merge-arrow. ... It has been suggested that Stateless person be merged into this article or section. ... The word citizen may refer to: A person with a citizenship Citizen Watch Co. ... In English usage, nationality is the legal relationship between a person and a country. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Succession of states. ... Please note: Any racial comments are not intended to be racist. ...


Individuals may also become stateless voluntarily, by formally renouncing their citizenship while on foreign soil; however, not all states recognize such renunciations on the part of their citizens. Often, depending on the specific laws of the countries involved, one may not renounce a citizenship unless one is a dual citizen and can show citizenship in a country other than that of the undesired citizenship. Consulates do not want to deal with the complications associated with statelessness if they can avoid it. However, consular officials are unlikely to be familiar with all citizenship laws of all countries, so there still can be situations where statelessness might arise. For example, children born outside Canada to a Canadian parent or parents are, under certain circumstances, required to establish Canadian residency by age 28 or lose Canadian citizenship. If such a person held dual citizenship and, as a young adult, renounced the second citizenship on the strength of his or her Canadian passport, and then subsequently failed to establish the required Canadian residency, he or she could end up stateless. Countries that do (yellow) and do not (red) recognize multiple citizenship. ... Citizenship in Canada can be obtained by a permanent resident who lives in Canada for three out of four years before applying for citizenship and be able to speak English or French. ... Multiple citizenship is simultaneous citizenship in two or more countries (whether it is recognized by all countries or not). ...


Some areas are home to stateless persons. In some cases, such as that of ethnic Russians in Latvia, conditions for citizenship may be problematic or difficult to satisfy. In some enclave areas, such as the FARC-ruled areas of Colombia, and parts of Sudan and Afghanistan, people may have no practical contact with a potentially passport-issuing state which nominally claims sovereignty over them. Non-citizens or aliens (Latvian: ) in Latvian law are former USSR citizens residing in Latvia or temporarily residing abroad who lived and were permanently registered without any time limitations in the territory of Latvia before July 1, 1992 irrespective of the status of the residence specified on their official address... The FARC-EPs flag The Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia – Ejército del Pueblo (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia – Peoples Army, or FARC-EP) is a militant and revolutionary guerrilla group established in 1964-1966 as the military wing of the Colombian Communist Party, and is Colombias...


While stateless persons were more common before the 20th century, when many states were somewhat fragile entities, on September 20, 1954 the United Nations adopted the Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons: an active policy to prevent people becoming or remaining stateless. States which have ratified the Convention are bound to give stateless persons rights similar to those granted aliens of comparable status. Despite this, there are still Kashmiri, Kurdish, Palestinian and Sahrawi refugees who claim asylum due to statelessness, for example. (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999... is the 263rd day of the year (264th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... UN and U.N. redirect here. ... For other uses, see Kashmiri (disambiguation). ... Languages Kurdish Religions Predominantly Sunni Muslim also some Shia, Yazidism, Yarsan, Judaism, Christianity Related ethnic groups other Iranian peoples (Talysh Baluch Gilak Bakhtiari Persians) The Kurds are an ethnic group who consider themselves to be indigenous to a region often referred to as Kurdistan, an area which includes adjacent parts... The term Palestinian has other usages, for which see definitions of Palestinian. ... “Sahraoui” redirects here. ...

Contents

De facto statelessness

Cases of de facto statelessness have arisen due to historical provisions of British nationality law which led to cases where people have had a British passport without right of abode in the United Kingdom. Those with such status who did not have citizenship or residence rights in any other country were effectively stateless despite holding British nationality. Examples of this include ethnic Indians in Hong Kong after the turnover to the People's Republic of China in 1997. This article concerns the History of British nationality law. ... UK biometric passport, issued since 2006. ... Right of Abode is a status under United Kingdom immigration laws that gives an unrestricted right to live in the United Kingdom. ...


Effective 30 April 2003, as part of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002 the United Kingdom gave most British nationals without any other citizenship the right to register as full British citizens if they wish and has hence resolved most of the British cases of effective statelessness. A similar case can be seen in illegal aliens who cannot be expelled due to specific provisions (health issues, stateless persons who by definition cannot be expelled to their "original country", refugees who are not accepted by their original state, etc.): they thus live in a judicial no man's land. is the 120th day of the year (121st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into illegal immigration. ... 29th Infantry Battalion, 2nd Division, Canadian Corps. ...


Captives in Guantanamo Bay

See also: No longer enemy combatant

While captives in the Guantanamo Bay detention camp with citizenship in countries such as France,[1] Britain,[2] or Germany[3] have at times been released and accepted into their respective countries, other countries have refused to allow former Guantanamo captives to enter their borders, leaving such detainees hung in a stateless limbo.[4] 82 such prisoners exist, as of April 2007, denied asylum by the United States and blocked from entering other foreign countries.[4] A notable group of such captives is the Uyghur captives in Guantanamo, members of a Turkic ethnic group in China who refuse to return to China for fear of government persecution. A few of these captives have been granted asylum by Albania, but others still remain captive in Guantanamo.[4] Other countries refusing to accept Guantanamo prisoners include Yemen and Algeria; the Washington Post reports, "Foreign governments have questioned why U.S. officials should expect other countries to pitch in, given that Washington won't offer asylum to detainees either."[4] NLEC is an acronym for No Longer Enemy Combatant, U.S. military term for Guantanamo captives whose Combatant Status Review Tribunal determined they should not have been classified as enemy combatants. Thirty-eight detainees were finally classified as NLECs.[1] The fifth Denbeaux report, No-hearing hearings, reported that an... Wikisource has original text related to this article: Detention, Treatment, and Trial of Certain Non-Citizens in the War Against Terrorism Wikisource has original text related to this article: Statement of Alberto J Mora on interrogation abuse, July 7, 2004 Guantanamo Bay detention camp is a joint military prison and... The United States government has held twenty-two Uyghurs in Guantanamo Bay detainment camp. ... ...


United States law bans the government from shipping people to countries in which they could be persecuted or tortured; each individual case is individually reviewed, adding to the length of the extremely slow legal process.[4] But even prisoners coming from a Western country are not guaranteed admittance: Britain, for example, has refused to accept six immigrants captive in Guantanamo.[4] Human rights advocates have proposed that the US could shorten the stateless limbo in which the prisoners are held by appealing for help from an international group such as the United Nations, but the US has not done so.[4]


In popular culture

A slightly tragicomic portrayal of this condition is the film The Terminal, in which a man is forced to live in an airport due to his unrecognized citizenship status (his homeland has ceased to exist while he was in transit). This story was inspired in part on the real-life story of Merhan Karimi Nasseri, who spent almost two decades in the Charles de Gaulle Airport, originally due to conflicts with French law (he refused to claim being an Iranian refugee) plus also the fact he was not welcome in his countries of origin (Iran and Belgium) nor his destination (the United Kingdom). He was eventually granted and served with French immigration documents, but subsequently refused to leave the building. This section contains a list of trivia items. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Charles de Gaulle International Airport (French: A roport de Roissy-Charles de Gaulle), also known as Roissy Airport (or just Roissy in French), serving Paris, is one of Europes principal aviation centers, as well as Frances main international airport. ...


In the made for TV movie, The Taking of Flight 847: The Uli Derickson Story, the famed flight attendant Uli, played by Lindsay Wagner, is seen in a late scene singing "Heimatlos" to Castro, the ringleader of the hijackers. "Heimatlos" is a German song referring to the homeless people of the world. Which is why once the lullaby ends, Castro says, "It could be about us." Ulrike Patzelt (August 8, 1944 – February 18, 2005), better known as Uli Derickson, was a flight attendant during the June 14, 1985 hijacking of TWA Flight 847 by Hezbollah terrorists. ... This article is about the actress. ...


Famous stateless/formerly stateless people

“Einstein” redirects here. ... Karl Heinrich Marx (May 5, 1818 – March 14, 1883) was a 19th century philosopher, political economist, and revolutionary. ... Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (October 15, 1844 – August 25, 1900) (IPA: ) was a nineteenth-century German philosopher. ... Hannah Arendt (October 14, 1906 – December 4, 1975) was a German Jewish political theorist. ... Elie Wiesel KBE (born Eliezer Wiesel on September 30, 1928) [1] is a Romanian-French-Jewish novelist, political activist, Nobel Laureate and Holocaust survivor. ... Annelies Marie Anne Frank ( ) (June 12, 1929 – early March, 1945) was a European Jewish girl (born in Germany, stateless since 1941, but she claimed to be Dutch as she grew up in the Netherlands) who wrote a diary while in hiding with her family and four friends in Amsterdam during... Anastasia Manahan, usually known as Anna Anderson [1] (c. ...

See also

Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons Opened for signature 28 September 1954 in New York Entered into force 6 June 1960 Conditions for entry into force Fulfilled Parties 62 // The United Nations Charter and Universal Declaration of Human Rights were approved on 10 December 1948. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Al-Kateb v Godwin was an Australian court case in which the High Court of Australia ruled on 6 August 2004 that indefinite immigration detention was lawful. ... Bidun jinsiya (or bidoon jinsiya) is an Arabic term meaning without nationality. ... Hannah Arendt (October 14, 1906 – December 4, 1975) was a German Jewish political theorist. ... The Origins of Totalitarianism is a book by Hannah Arendt, dedicated to her husband Heinrich Blücher. ... Nansen passports are internationally recognized identity cards first issued by the League of Nations to stateless refugees. ... Please note: Any racial comments are not intended to be racist. ... Refugee Law is the branch of International Law which deals with the rights and protection of refugees. ... It has been suggested that Stateless person be merged into this article or section. ... Not to be confused with A Man Without a Country. ...

References

Craig Michael Whitlock (born 1968?) is a jounarlist who is working for The Washington Post. ... is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 145th day of the year (146th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links


  Results from FactBites:
 
University of Minnesota Human Rights Library (2768 words)
A stateless person shall be accorded in the matters referred to in paragraph 2 in countries other than that in which he has his habitual residence the treatment granted to a national of the country of his habitual residence.
Each Contracting State shall accord to stateless persons lawfully staying in their territory who hold diplomas recognized by the competent authorities of that State, and who are desirous of practising a liberal profession, treatment as favourable as possible and, in any event, not less favourable than that accorded to aliens generally in the same circumstances.
When the exercise of a right by a stateless person would normally require the assistance of authorities of a foreign country to whom he cannot have recourse, the Contracting State in whose territory he is residing shall arrange that such assistance be afforded to him by their own authorities.
  More results at FactBites »

 

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