Statistical To discriminate is to make a distinction. There are several meanings of the word, including statistical discrimination, or the actions of a circuit called a discriminator. This article addresses the most common colloquial sense of the word, invidious discrimination. That is, irrational social, racial, religious, sexual, ethnic and age-related...
discrimination is an Economics is the social science studying production and consumption through measurable variables. It involves analysing the production, distribution, trade and consumption of goods and services. Economics is said to be positive when it attempts to explain the consequences of different choices given a set of assumptions and normative when it...
economic theory of inequality based on group In modern usage, a stereotype is a simplified mental picture of an individual or group of people who share a certain characteristic (or stereotypical) qualities. The term is often used in a negative sense, and stereotypes are seen by many as undesirable beliefs which can be altered through education and...
stereotypes. In its simplest version, individuals are discriminated against because stereotypes are held against the groups they are associated with. This type of preferential treatment is labeled "statistical" because stereotypes may be based on the discriminated group's In mathematics, there are numerous methods for calculating the average or central tendency of a list of n numbers. The most common method, and the one generally referred to simply as the average, is the arithmetic mean. Please see the table of mathematical symbols for explanations of the symbols used...
average behavior. When this is the case, individuals are treated unfairly even when their group are not, on average.
Bibliography
Glenn Loury, The Anatomy of Racial Inequality, Princeton University Press. Informally illustrates the theory in the context of The United States of America — also referred to as the United States, the U.S.A., the U.S., America¹, the States, or (archaically) Columbia — is a federal republic of 50 states located primarily in central North America (with the exception of two states: Alaska and Hawaii...
United States' racial differences.
Phelps
Kenneth Joseph Arrow (born August 23, 1921) is an American economist. He won The Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel in 1972, which he shared with John Hicks. Along with Paul Samuelson, he is considered one of the founders of modern (post World War...
Kenneth Arrow
Becker (1971) sees discrimination as the product of "prejudice or a 'taste for discrimination' and it requires the discriminator pay or forfeit income for the privilege of exercising prejudicial tastes." (Ladd, 1998) To help move the discussion forward, we will distinguish four separate "types" of discrimination and examine their life expectancies.
Statisticaldiscrimination will be competed away if the statistical profiles were based on incomplete or inaccurate information.
Discrimination would be proved if, after the impact of all other factors had been accounted for, race or gender still were shown to be related to the variable in question, that race or gender helped explain differentials in home prices, earnings, car prices, or mortgage rejection rates.
Statistical testing has been an element of proof in employment discrimination litigation since the appearance of the binomial model in Castaneda v.
Sheehan brought suit for age discrimination and his expert proffered a statistical study that showed a strong correlation between age and the pattern of dismissal.
Statistical testing is used by plaintiff to establish prima facie evidence of disparate impact and then by defendant to show flaws in plaintiffs analysis, perhaps by showing that there are legitimate job-related characteristics of affected personnel that, when accounted for, compromise plaintiffs statistical analysis.