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A stave church is a medieval wooden church with a post and beam construction related to timber framing. The wall frames are filled with vertical planks. The load-bearing posts (stavr in Old Norse) have lent their name to the building technique. Related church types are post church and churches with palisade walls. The majority of existing stave churches are found in Norway, but related church types were once common all over northwestern Europe. ImageMetadata File history File links Urnesstavkirke. ...
ImageMetadata File history File links Urnesstavkirke. ...
Urnes stave church Urnes stave church (Urnes stavkyrkje) is a stave church at the Ornes farm, near Lustrafjorden in Luster muncipality, Sogn og Fjordane, Norway. ...
County Sogn og Fjordane District Sogn Municipality NO-1426 Administrative centre Gaupne Mayor (2003) Torodd Urnes (KrF) Official language form Nynorsk Area - Total - Land - Percentage Ranked 15 2,707 km² 2,603 km² 0. ...
A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a specific site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that has been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 State...
UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1945. ...
The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times. ...
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Old Norse or Danish tongue is the Germanic language once spoken by the inhabitants of the Nordic countries (for instance during the Viking Age). ...
A post church is a church building which predates the stave church and differ in that the corner posts does not resides on a sill but has posts dug into the earth. ...
Palisade and Moat A palisade is a Medieval wooden fence or wall of variable height, used as a defensive structure. ...
Construction
Archaeological excavations have shown that stave churches, best represented today by the Borgund stave church, descend from palisade constructions and later churches with earth-bound posts. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2582x4935, 3237 KB) Summary Stabkirche von Gol. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2582x4935, 3237 KB) Summary Stabkirche von Gol. ...
Gol stave church (Gol stavkirke) is a stave church now located at Norsk Folkemuseum, originally from Gol in Gol municipality, Hallingdal, Norway. ...
Stave church in Borgund Borgund stave church (Borgund stavkyrkje) is a stave church located in Lærdal, Norway. ...
Rescue excavation in Southwark, London by the Museum of London Excavation is the best-known and most commonly used technique within the science of archaeology. ...
Stave church in Borgund Borgund stave church (Borgund stavkyrkje) is a stave church located in Lærdal, Norway. ...
Palisade and Moat A palisade is a Medieval wooden fence or wall of variable height, used as a defensive structure. ...
The palisade constructions are known from buildings from the Viking era. Logs were split in two halves, rammed into the ground and given a roof. This was a simple construction yet very strong. If set in gravel the wall could last for decades, even centuries. Remains of buildings of this type are found over much of Europe. An archaeological excavation in Lund uncovered the post holes of several such churches. The term Viking commonly denotes the ship-borne explorers, traders, and warriors of the Norsemen (literally, men from the north) who originated in Scandinavia and raided the coasts of the British Isles, France and other parts of Europe as far east as the Volga River in Russia from the late...
Rescue excavation in Southwark, London by the Museum of London Excavation is the best-known and most commonly used technique within the science of archaeology. ...
Maria Minor church (S:t Maria Minor kyrka) a church refound after archeological surveys in Lund. ...
In later churches the walls were supported by sills, leaving only the corner posts earth-bound. Such churches are easy to spot at archaeological sites as they leave very distinct holes where the posts were once placed. Sometimes the remains are even preserved, which makes it possible to give a very good dating of the church building. Under Urnes stave church remains have been found of two such churches, with Christian graves discovered below the oldest church. Urnes stave church Urnes stave church (Urnes stavkyrkje) is a stave church at the Ornes farm, near Lustrafjorden in Luster muncipality, Sogn og Fjordane, Norway. ...
The next phase resulted from the observation that earth-bound posts are susceptible to humidity, which will cause them to rot away over time. To prevent this the posts were placed on top of large stones, significantly increasing their lifespan. The stave church in Røldal is believed to be of this type. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1320x1871, 215 KB) Summary Stabkirche von Borgund, Grundriss. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1320x1871, 215 KB) Summary Stabkirche von Borgund, Grundriss. ...
Stave church in Borgund Borgund stave church (Borgund stavkyrkje) is a stave church located in Lærdal, Norway. ...
Røldal stave church Røldal stave church (Røldal stavkyrkje) is a stave church at Røldal in Odda muncipality, Hardanger, Norway and was built in the 13th century. ...
In still later churches, the posts were set on a raised sill frame, resting on stone foundations. This is the stave church in its most mature form.
It is now common to group the churches into two categories; the first without free-standing posts, often referred to as Type A, and the other with a raised roof and with free-standing internal posts, usually termed Type B.
Those with the raised roof, Type B, are often further divided in two subgroups; the Kaupanger group with a whole arcade row of posts and intermediate posts along the sides and details mimicking stone like capital. These churches give an impression of a basilica. Kaupanger stave church (Kaupanger Stavkyrkje) is the largest stave church in the Sogn og Fjordane, and is situated in the town of Kaupanger, Norway. ...
A capital of the Composite order In Western architecture, the capital (from the Latin caput, head) forms the crowning member of the column, which projects on each side as it rises, in order to support the abacus and unite the square form of the latter with the circular shaft. ...
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The other subgroup is the Borgund group. These churches have cross braces joining upper and lower string beams and the posts, forming a very rigid interconnection, and resembling the triforium of stone basilicas. This makes it possible to omit the freestanding lower part of intermediate posts. In some churches in Valdres, only the four corner posts have been retained (see image of Lomen stave church). Stave church in Borgund Borgund stave church (Borgund stavkyrkje) is a stave church located in Lærdal, Norway. ...
Triforium is an architectural term. ...
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View over Begnadalen from Lærskogen, with the large woodland ranging all over to Randsfjorden on the left and Hedalsfjella in the right background Valdres is a landscape in central, southern Norway, situated between Gudbrandsdal and Hallingdal. ...
Lomen stave church Lomen stave church (Lomen stavkyrkje) is a stave church located in the community of Lomen in Vestre Slidre municipality, Valdres, Norway. ...
Many stave churches had or still have outer galleries running around the whole perimeter, loosely connected to the plank walls. They probably served to protect the church from a harsh climate, and for processions.
Single nave church, Type A At the base of Type A churches there are four heavy sill beams on a low foundation of stones. These are interconnected in the corner notch, forming a rigid sill frame. The corner posts or staves (stavene) are cross-cut at the lower end and fit over the corner notches and cover them, thereby protecting them from moisture. ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1170x1407, 279 KB) Photo by John Erling Blad File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1170x1407, 279 KB) Photo by John Erling Blad File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Reinli stave church The Reinli stave church (Reinli stavkyrkje) is a Norwegian stave church built some time during the second half of the 13th century in Reinli, a village in the Sør-Aurdal municipality of Oppland county. ...
It has been suggested that Pranger be merged into this article or section. ...
County Oppland District Valdres Municipality NO-0540 Administrative centre Bagn Mayor (2003) Knut Torgersen (Ap) Official language form Neutral Area - Total - Land - Percentage Ranked 93 1,109 km² 1,071 km² 0. ...
On top of the sill beam is a groove, into which the lower ends of the wall planks (veggtilene) fit. The last wall plank wedge-shaped and rammed into place. When the wall is filled in with planks, the frame is completed by a wall plate (stavlægje) with a groove on the bottom side, holding the top ends of the wall planks. The whole structure consists of frames — a sill frame resting on the stone foundation, and the four wall frames made up of sills, corner posts and wall plate.
The wall plates support the roof trusses, consisting of a pair of principal rafters and an additional pair of intersecting "scissor rafters". For lateral bracing, additional wooden brackets (bueknær) are inserted between the rafters.
Every piece is locked into position by other pieces, making for a very rigid construction. Yet all points otherwise susceptible to the harsh weather is covered.
- The single nave church has a square nave and a narrower square choir. This type of stave church was common at the beginning of the 12th century.
- The long church, (Langkirke), has a rectangular plan with nave and choir of the same width. The nave will usualle take up two thirds of the whole length. This type was common at the end of 13th century.
- Center post church, (Midtmastkirke) has a single central post reaching all the way up and connected with the roof construction. But the roof is a simple hipped one, without the raised central part of the Type B churches. This variation on the common type of church in Numedal and Hallingdal, dated to around 1200.
Single nave churches in Norway: Grip, Haltdalen, Undredal, Hedal, Reinli, Eidsborg, Rollag, Uvdal, Nore, Høyjord, Røldal and Garmo. Numedal is the Westernmost valley in South-Eastern Norway. ...
Hallingdal is a valley and landscape in central, southern Norway, consisting of the municipalities Flå, Nes, Gol, Hemsedal, Ål and Hol. ...
Grip stave church (Grip stavkirke) is a stave church on the island of Grip near Kristiansund in Norway. ...
Haltdalen stave church (Haltdalen stavkirke) is a stave church now at Sverresborg museum in Trondheim, Norway. ...
Undredal stave church (Undredal stavkyrkje) is a stave church built in the middel of the 12th century, in the village of Undredal, Aurland muncipality, Sogn og Fjordane county, Norway. ...
Hedal stave church (Hedal stavkyrkje) is a stave church located in Hedal, a small mountaineous valley in Sør-Aurdal muncipality, Valdres, Norway. ...
Reinli stave church The Reinli stave church (Reinli stavkyrkje) is a Norwegian stave church built some time during the second half of the 13th century in Reinli, a village in the Sør-Aurdal municipality of Oppland county. ...
Eidsborg stave church Eidsborg stave church (Eidsborg stavkirke) is a stave church was built in the middle of the 13th century in LÃ¥rdal, Norway. ...
Rollag Stave Church, Norway Rollag stave church (Rollag stavkirke) is a stave church at Rollag in Rollag muncipality, Buskerud, Norway. ...
Stave Church of Uvdal, Norway Uvdal stave church (Uvdal stavkirke) is a stave church in Andebu muncipality, Numedal, Norway and was built 1168 [1] which we know through dendrochronological dating and because the logs wasnt dry when the church was built. ...
Nore Stave Church, Norway Nore stave church (Nore stavkyrkje) is a stave church at Nore in Nore og Uvdal muncipality, Numedal, Norway and was built in 1167 [1] according to dendrochronological dating. ...
Høyjord stave church (Høyjord Stavkirke) is a stave church situated in the town of Andebu, Norway and was built in the end of the 12th century. ...
Røldal stave church Røldal stave church (Røldal stavkyrkje) is a stave church at Røldal in Odda muncipality, Hardanger, Norway and was built in the 13th century. ...
Garmo stave church (Garmo stavkirke) is a stave church situated in a museum park called Maihaugen in Lillehammer, Norway. ...
The only remaining church in Sweden, in Hedared, is of this type and shows similarities with the one from Haltdalen. Hedared Stave Church is Swedens only preserved medieval stave church. ...
Haltdalen stave church (Haltdalen stavkirke) is a stave church now at Sverresborg museum in Trondheim, Norway. ...
Church with a raised roof, Type B
 Interior from Lomen stave church depicting cross braces between upper and lower string beams and posts. Intermediate posts have been omitted. On the stone foundation four huge beams (grunnstokker) are placed like a # sign, their ends protruding 1-2 metres from the notches where they intersect. The ends of these beams support the sills of the outer walls, forming a separate horizontal frame. The tall internal posts are placed on the internal frame of large beams, and carry the main roof above the central space nave (skip). On the outer frame of sills rest the main wall planks (veggtiler), carrying the roof over the pentice or aisles (omgang) surrounding the central space. The roof thus tapers down in two steps, as in a basilica. ImageMetadata File history File links Lomen. ...
ImageMetadata File history File links Lomen. ...
Lomen stave church Lomen stave church (Lomen stavkyrkje) is a stave church located in the community of Lomen in Vestre Slidre municipality, Valdres, Norway. ...
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The tall internal posts (staver) are interconnected with brackets (bueknær), and also connected to the outer walls with aisle rafters, creating a laterally rigid construction. Closer to the top of the posts (staver) shorter sills inserted between them support the upper wall (tilevegg). On top of the posts wall plates (stavlægjer) support the roof trusses, similar to those of the single nave churches.
The Kaupanger group consists of: Kaupanger, Urnes, Hopperstad and Lom. Kaupanger stave church (Kaupanger Stavkyrkje) is the largest stave church in the Sogn og Fjordane, and is situated in the town of Kaupanger, Norway. ...
Urnes stave church Urnes stave church (Urnes stavkyrkje) is a stave church at the Ornes farm, near Lustrafjorden in Luster muncipality, Sogn og Fjordane, Norway. ...
This article is actively undergoing a major edit. ...
Lom stave church Lom save church (Lom Stavkyrkje) is a stave church situated in Lom muncipality Gudbrandsdalen, Norway. ...
The Borgund group consists of: Borgund, Gol, Hegge, Høre (Hurum), Lomen, Ringebu and Øye. Stave church in Borgund Borgund stave church (Borgund stavkyrkje) is a stave church located in Lærdal, Norway. ...
Gol stave church (Gol stavkirke) is a stave church now located at Norsk Folkemuseum, originally from Gol in Gol municipality, Hallingdal, Norway. ...
Hegge stave church (Hegge stavkyrkje) is a stave church dating from approximately 1216 or slightly after. ...
Høre stave church (Høre Stavkyrkje) is a stave church located at Ryfoss in Vang muncipality, Valdres, Norway. ...
Lomen stave church Lomen stave church (Lomen stavkyrkje) is a stave church located in the community of Lomen in Vestre Slidre municipality, Valdres, Norway. ...
Ringebu stave church (Ringebu stavkyrkje) is a stave church located in Ringebu in Ringebu muncipality, Gudbrandsdalen, Norway. ...
Øye stave church Øye stave church (Øye stavkyrkje) is situated in Øye, a village in Oppland county in Norway and is a triple nave stave church and dates from approximately the second half of the 12th century. ...
This form of church can also be recognized from the holes which remain from earlier earth-bound post churches built on the same sites. Little is known about what these older churches actually looked like, or how they were constructed, as they were all destroyed or replaced many centuries ago.
History
 Jelling church stone in Denmark
 Portal in column from Borgund stavkirke
 Portal in side wall from Hedal stavkirke
 Arch decoration from Urnes stavkirke
 Lion on arch decoration from Borgund stavkirke Stave churches were once common in Northern Europe. In Norway alone, a total of about 1000 churches are believed to have been built, although more recent research has adjusted this number upwards and it is now assumed to have been closer to 2000 [1]. The number of stave churches constructed in Sweden and the United Kingdom is unknown. ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1455x2004, 535 KB) Summary This is a photo of the Fantoft stave church before it was moved to Bergen and became famous. ...
ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1455x2004, 535 KB) Summary This is a photo of the Fantoft stave church before it was moved to Bergen and became famous. ...
Fantoft stave church Fantoft stave church (Fantoft stavkirke) is a reconstructed stave church in Fana, Bergen. ...
County Hordaland District Midhordland Municipality NO-1201 Administrative centre Bergen Mayor (2004) Herman Friele (H) Official language form Neutral Area - Total - Land - Percentage Ranked 215 465 km² 445 km² 0. ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (768 × 1024 pixel, file size: 320 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Stave church ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (768 × 1024 pixel, file size: 320 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Stave church ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 373 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (997 × 1600 pixel, file size: 244 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Borgund Stave Church Photo: Nina Aldin Thune User:Nina-no File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 373 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (997 × 1600 pixel, file size: 244 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Borgund Stave Church Photo: Nina Aldin Thune User:Nina-no File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 392 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (1035 × 1584 pixel, file size: 482 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Drawing by G. A. Bull of the main portal in Hedalen stave church, from ca 1853. ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 392 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (1035 × 1584 pixel, file size: 482 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Drawing by G. A. Bull of the main portal in Hedalen stave church, from ca 1853. ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 364 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (486 × 800 pixel, file size: 159 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Photo by Nina Aldrin Thune Processing by John Erling Blad File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 364 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (486 × 800 pixel, file size: 159 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Photo by Nina Aldrin Thune Processing by John Erling Blad File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 343 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (915 × 1600 pixel, file size: 281 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Borgund Stave Church Photo:Nina Aldin Thune User:Nina-no File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 343 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (915 × 1600 pixel, file size: 281 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Borgund Stave Church Photo:Nina Aldin Thune User:Nina-no File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file...
Some believe they were the first type of church to be constructed in Scandinavia; however, there existed an even older type called post churches, although the difference between the two is very small. A stave church has a lower construction set on a frame, whereas a post church has earth-bound posts. In Sweden, the stave churches were considered to be obsolete in the Middle Ages and were replaced. In Norway, they were not replaced as quickly as they were in Sweden and England. Many stave churches survived until the 19th century, when a substantial number were destroyed. Scandinavia is a historical and geographical region centered on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. ...
A post church is a church building which predates the stave church and differ in that the corner posts does not resides on a sill but has posts dug into the earth. ...
In Norway, 28 historical stave churches¹ remain standing. There are also a number of places where there have been archaeological surveys uncovering older post churches. There are also some newer stave churches at various locations. A post church is a church building which predates the stave church and differ in that the corner posts does not resides on a sill but has posts dug into the earth. ...
In Denmark, traces of post churches have been found at several locations, and there are also parts still in existence from some of them. For example from Nørre Hørning stave church on Jutland an old stavlægje with a dragon head still exists. Marks created by several old post churches have also been found at the old stone church in Jelling. A post church is a church building which predates the stave church and differ in that the corner posts does not resides on a sill but has posts dug into the earth. ...
Jutland Peninsula Jutland (Danish: Jylland; German: Jütland; Frisian Jutlân; Low German Jötlann) is a peninsula in northern Europe that forms the only non-insular part of Denmark and also the northernmost part of Germany, dividing the North Sea from the Baltic Sea. ...
A post church is a church building which predates the stave church and differ in that the corner posts does not resides on a sill but has posts dug into the earth. ...
Burial mound in Jelling churchyard Northern burial mound and church in Jelling churchyard Jelling is a town located in Jelling municipality near Vejle, Denmark on the Jutland peninsula. ...
In Sweden there is a medieval stave church, the Hedared stave church constructed c. 1500, at the same location as a previous older stave church. Although the stave church now at Skaga is only a replica, the old stories about Skaga stave church are also very interesting. Other notable places are Maria Minor church in Lund with its traces of a post church with palisades, and some old parts of Hemse stave church on Gotland. In Skåne alone there were around 300 churches when Adam of Bremen visited Denmark in the first half of the 11th century, how many of those were stave churches or post churches is unknown. Hedared Stave Church is Swedens only preserved medieval stave church. ...
Skaga stave church is a reconstructed stave church in Tivedskogarna, Töreboda municipality, Västra Götalands län county, Sweden. ...
Maria Minor church (S:t Maria Minor kyrka) a church refound after archeological surveys in Lund. ...
A post church is a church building which predates the stave church and differ in that the corner posts does not resides on a sill but has posts dug into the earth. ...
Palisades is also a general term for steep cliffs next to a river. ...
Drawing of the portal Hemse stave church is a rediscovered palisade church from Hemse at Gotland. ...
is a county and province of Sweden and the largest island in the Baltic Sea. ...
The Flag of Skåne (also known as Scania in English) is the southernmost historical province (landskap) and County (Län) of Sweden. ...
Adam of Bremen (also: Adam Bremensis) was one of the most important German medieval chroniclers. ...
In England, there is one much debated church of Saxon origin, and the debate is whether this is a stave church or if it predates stave churches. This is the Greensted Church in Essex. General consensus is to categorize it as Saxon [A]. There is also another church in England which bears similarities to stave churches, this is the medieval stone church of St. Mary in Kilpeck in Herefordshire. This church features a number of dragon heads. Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: God Save the King/Queen Capital London (de facto) Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification - by Athelstan AD 927 Area - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK) 50,346 sq mi Population - 2006 est. ...
The famous parade helmet found at Sutton Hoo, probably belonging to King Raedwald of East Anglia circa 625. ...
Greensted Church, from the SE corner. ...
Essex is a county in the East of England. ...
Herefordshire is a historic and ceremonial county and unitary district (known as County of Herefordshire) in the West Midlands region of England. ...
In Germany, there is one stone church with a motif depicting a dragon similar to the ones often seen on Norwegian stave churches, and on a remaining artifact from Denmark and also from Gotland. Whether this decoration can be attributed to cultural similarities or whether it indicates similar construction methods in Germany has sparked much controversy.
There is some historical evidence suggesting that the stave churches were built upon old Norse religious ground. In other cases there is evidence of much older churches built on the same ground, often the stones are still left in the holes created by the posts of an older post church, and under Urnes stave church there have even been discovered remains of two such earlier post churches. The old portal from one of these churches is believed to be the one built into the northern wall of the current church. Newer research indicates thus that Christianity was introduced into Norway much earlier than was previously assumed. Norse or Scandinavian mythology comprises the pre-Christian religion, beliefs and legends of the Scandinavian people, including those who settled on Iceland, where the written sources for Norse mythology were assembled. ...
A post church is a church building which predates the stave church and differ in that the corner posts does not resides on a sill but has posts dug into the earth. ...
Urnes stave church Urnes stave church (Urnes stavkyrkje) is a stave church at the Ornes farm, near Lustrafjorden in Luster muncipality, Sogn og Fjordane, Norway. ...
Architecture and decoration
Portal detail from Tønjum stave church Even though the wooden churches had structural differences, they give a recognizable general impression. Formal differences may hide common features of their planning; while apparently similar buildings may turn out to have their structural elements organized completely differently. Despite this, certain basic principles must have been common to all types of building. ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (442x757, 71 KB) Summary Photo by Nina Aldin Thune Processing by Agtfjott 23:00, 4 October 2005 (UTC) Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Stave church ...
ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (442x757, 71 KB) Summary Photo by Nina Aldin Thune Processing by Agtfjott 23:00, 4 October 2005 (UTC) Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Stave church ...
Basic geometrical figures, numbers that were easy to work with, one or just a few length units and simple ratios, and perhaps proportions as well were among the theoretical aids all builders inherited. The specialist was the man who knew a particular type of building so well that he could systematize its elements in a slightly different way from what was the case in the buildings known hitherto, thus carrying developments a stage further.
Decoration of stave churches feature an intriguing combination of Christian designs intermixed with what is often assumed to be pre-Christian Viking motifs, such as the interwoven dragon motifs. This has led people to believe they must have been in a tradition of heathen worship, yet they have little in common with art from previous centuries. A closer study reveals the clear religious underpinning, the fight between good and evil, and shows how the new beliefs have been victorious over the ancient beliefs. There are several churches where figures from the old Norse mythology are depicted, often entangled or stylized, and thus the victory is on display. The term Viking commonly denotes the ship-borne explorers, traders, and warriors of the Norsemen (literally, men from the north) who originated in Scandinavia and raided the coasts of the British Isles, France and other parts of Europe as far east as the Volga River in Russia from the late...
Dating of churches The dating of such buildings may be done in different ways, by historical records, inscriptions, by stylistic means on construction details or ornaments, dendrochronology and radiocarbon dating. Often historical records or inscriptions will point to a year when the church is known to have existed. Archaeological excavations can yield finds which can provide relative dating for the structure, whereas absolute dating methods such as radiocarbon dating and dendrochronology can provide a more exact date. The growth rings of an unknown tree species, at Bristol Zoo, England Pinus taeda Cross section showing annual rings, Cheraw, South Carolina Pine stump showing growth rings Dendrochronology or tree-ring dating is the method of scientific dating based on the analysis of tree-ring growth patterns. ...
Radiocarbon dating is a radiometric dating method that uses the naturally occurring isotope carbon-14 (14C) to determine the age of carbonaceous materials up to about 60,000 years[1]. Raw, i. ...
Before the advent of absolute dating in the 20th century, archaeologists and geologists were largely limited to the use of Relative Dating techniques. ...
Absolute dating is the process of determining a specific archaeological date. ...
The old stave churches Norway - Borgund stave church¹, Sogn og Fjordane, — end of the 12th century
- Eidsborg stave church¹, Telemark, — the middle of the 13th century
- Flesberg stave church¹ in Flesberg, Buskerud, built around 1200
- Fåvang stave church in Ringebu, Oppland, rebuilt in 1630 (two old churches rebuilt as one)
- Garmo stave church¹, Oppland, — around 1150
- Gol stave church¹ in Gol (now at Norsk Folkemuseum), Buskerud, built 1212
- Grip stave church¹, Møre og Romsdal, second half of the 15th century
- Haltdalen stave church¹, Sør-Trøndelag, — 1170 - 1179
- Hedal stave church¹, Oppland, — the second half of the 12th century
- Heddal stave church¹, Telemark, — the beginning of the 13th century
- Hegge stave church¹, Oppland, — 1216
- Hopperstad stave church¹, Sogn og Fjordane, — 1140
- Høre stave church¹, Oppland, — 1180
- Høyjord stave church¹, Vestfold, — second half of the 12th century
- Kaupanger stave church¹, Sogn og Fjordane, — 1190
- Kvernes stave church¹, Møre og Romsdal, — second half of the 14th century
- Lomen stave church¹, Oppland, — 1179
- Lom stave church¹, Oppland, — second half of the 12th century
- Nore stave church¹ in Nore og Uvdal, Buskerud, built 1167
- Øye stave church¹, Oppland, — second half of the 12th century
- Reinli stave church¹, Oppland, — 1190
- Ringebu stave church¹, Oppland, — the first quarter of the 13th century
- Rollag stave church¹ in Rollag, Buskerud, built second half of the 12th century
- Rødven stave church¹, Møre og Romsdal, — around 1200
- Røldal stave church¹, Hordaland, — first half of the 13th century (could be a post church)
- Torpo stave church¹ in Ål, Buskerud, built 1192
- Undredal stave church¹, Sogn og Fjordane, — the middle of the 12th century
- Urnes stave church¹, Sogn og Fjordane, — first half of the 12th century (On UNESCO’s World Heritage List)
- Uvdal stave church¹ in Andebu, Buskerud, built 1168
Poland Stave church in Borgund Borgund stave church (Borgund stavkyrkje) is a stave church located in Lærdal, Norway. ...
County NO-14 Region Vestlandet Administrative centre Leikanger County mayor Nils R. Sandal Area - Total - Percentage Ranked 8 18,623 km² 5. ...
Eidsborg stave church Eidsborg stave church (Eidsborg stavkirke) is a stave church was built in the middle of the 13th century in LÃ¥rdal, Norway. ...
Telemark is a county in Norway, bordering Vestfold, Buskerud, Hordaland, Rogaland and Aust-Agder. ...
Flesberg Stave Church, Norway Flesberg stave church is a stave church located in Flesberg, Numedal in Norway. ...
County Buskerud District Numedal Municipality NO-0631 Administrative centre Lampeland Mayor (2003) Egil Langgård (Ap) Official language form Bokmål Area - Total - Land - Percentage Ranked 190 562 km² 538 km² 0. ...
Buskerud is a county in Norway, bordering Akershus, Oslo, Oppland, Sogn og Fjordane, Hordaland, Telemark, and Vestfold. ...
FÃ¥vang stave church (FÃ¥vang stavkirke) is a stave church located in FÃ¥vang in Ringebu muncipality, Gudbrandsdalen, Norway. ...
The municipality Ringebu in the county of Oppland, Norway, had 4,644 inhabitants as of 2003. ...
Oppland is a county in Norway, bordering Sør-Trøndelag, Møre og Romsdal, Sogn og Fjordane, Buskerud, Akershus, Oslo and Hedmark. ...
Garmo stave church (Garmo stavkirke) is a stave church situated in a museum park called Maihaugen in Lillehammer, Norway. ...
Oppland is a county in Norway, bordering Sør-Trøndelag, Møre og Romsdal, Sogn og Fjordane, Buskerud, Akershus, Oslo and Hedmark. ...
Gol stave church (Gol stavkirke) is a stave church now located at Norsk Folkemuseum, originally from Gol in Gol municipality, Hallingdal, Norway. ...
The municipality Gol in the county of Buskerud, Norway, has 4,415 inhabitants as of January 1, 2002. ...
Norsk Folkemusem, the Norwegian Museum of Cultural History at Bygdøy, has a large open air museum. ...
Buskerud is a county in Norway, bordering Akershus, Oslo, Oppland, Sogn og Fjordane, Hordaland, Telemark, and Vestfold. ...
Grip stave church (Grip stavkirke) is a stave church on the island of Grip near Kristiansund in Norway. ...
Møre og Romsdal is a county in the northernmost part of the Vestlandet region of Norway, and borders the counties of Sør-Trøndelag, Oppland and Sogn og Fjordane. ...
Haltdalen stave church (Haltdalen stavkirke) is a stave church now at Sverresborg museum in Trondheim, Norway. ...
County NO-16 Region Trøndelag Administrative centre Trondheim County mayor Tore O. Sandvik Area - Total - Percentage Ranked 7 18,848 km² 5. ...
Hedal stave church (Hedal stavkyrkje) is a stave church located in Hedal, a small mountaineous valley in Sør-Aurdal muncipality, Valdres, Norway. ...
Oppland is a county in Norway, bordering Sør-Trøndelag, Møre og Romsdal, Sogn og Fjordane, Buskerud, Akershus, Oslo and Hedmark. ...
Heddal Stave Church, Norway Heddal stave church (Heddal stavkirke) is a stave church located at Heddal in Notodden muncipality, Norway. ...
Telemark is a county in Norway, bordering Vestfold, Buskerud, Hordaland, Rogaland and Aust-Agder. ...
Hegge stave church (Hegge stavkyrkje) is a stave church dating from approximately 1216 or slightly after. ...
Oppland is a county in Norway, bordering Sør-Trøndelag, Møre og Romsdal, Sogn og Fjordane, Buskerud, Akershus, Oslo and Hedmark. ...
This article is actively undergoing a major edit. ...
County NO-14 Region Vestlandet Administrative centre Leikanger County mayor Nils R. Sandal Area - Total - Percentage Ranked 8 18,623 km² 5. ...
Høre stave church (Høre Stavkyrkje) is a stave church located at Ryfoss in Vang muncipality, Valdres, Norway. ...
Oppland is a county in Norway, bordering Sør-Trøndelag, Møre og Romsdal, Sogn og Fjordane, Buskerud, Akershus, Oslo and Hedmark. ...
Høyjord stave church (Høyjord Stavkirke) is a stave church situated in the town of Andebu, Norway and was built in the end of the 12th century. ...
County NO-07 Region Østlandet Administrative centre Tønsberg County mayor Area - Total - Percentage Ranked 18 2,224 km² 0. ...
Kaupanger stave church (Kaupanger Stavkyrkje) is the largest stave church in the Sogn og Fjordane, and is situated in the town of Kaupanger, Norway. ...
County NO-14 Region Vestlandet Administrative centre Leikanger County mayor Nils R. Sandal Area - Total - Percentage Ranked 8 18,623 km² 5. ...
Kvernes stave church (Kvernes Stavkyrkje) is a stave church located at Averøy muncipality, Nordmøre, Norway. ...
Møre og Romsdal is a county in the northernmost part of the Vestlandet region of Norway, and borders the counties of Sør-Trøndelag, Oppland and Sogn og Fjordane. ...
Lomen stave church Lomen stave church (Lomen stavkyrkje) is a stave church located in the community of Lomen in Vestre Slidre municipality, Valdres, Norway. ...
Oppland is a county in Norway, bordering Sør-Trøndelag, Møre og Romsdal, Sogn og Fjordane, Buskerud, Akershus, Oslo and Hedmark. ...
Lom stave church Lom save church (Lom Stavkyrkje) is a stave church situated in Lom muncipality Gudbrandsdalen, Norway. ...
Oppland is a county in Norway, bordering Sør-Trøndelag, Møre og Romsdal, Sogn og Fjordane, Buskerud, Akershus, Oslo and Hedmark. ...
Nore Stave Church, Norway Nore stave church (Nore stavkyrkje) is a stave church at Nore in Nore og Uvdal muncipality, Numedal, Norway and was built in 1167 [1] according to dendrochronological dating. ...
The municipality Nore og Uvdal in the county of Buskerud, Norway, has 2,754 inhabitants as of January 1, 2002. ...
Buskerud is a county in Norway, bordering Akershus, Oslo, Oppland, Sogn og Fjordane, Hordaland, Telemark, and Vestfold. ...
Øye stave church Øye stave church (Øye stavkyrkje) is situated in Øye, a village in Oppland county in Norway and is a triple nave stave church and dates from approximately the second half of the 12th century. ...
Oppland is a county in Norway, bordering Sør-Trøndelag, Møre og Romsdal, Sogn og Fjordane, Buskerud, Akershus, Oslo and Hedmark. ...
Reinli stave church The Reinli stave church (Reinli stavkyrkje) is a Norwegian stave church built some time during the second half of the 13th century in Reinli, a village in the Sør-Aurdal municipality of Oppland county. ...
Oppland is a county in Norway, bordering Sør-Trøndelag, Møre og Romsdal, Sogn og Fjordane, Buskerud, Akershus, Oslo and Hedmark. ...
Ringebu stave church (Ringebu stavkyrkje) is a stave church located in Ringebu in Ringebu muncipality, Gudbrandsdalen, Norway. ...
Oppland is a county in Norway, bordering Sør-Trøndelag, Møre og Romsdal, Sogn og Fjordane, Buskerud, Akershus, Oslo and Hedmark. ...
Rollag Stave Church, Norway Rollag stave church (Rollag stavkirke) is a stave church at Rollag in Rollag muncipality, Buskerud, Norway. ...
The municipality Rollag in the county of Buskerud, Norway, has 1,477 inhabitants as of January 1, 2002. ...
Buskerud is a county in Norway, bordering Akershus, Oslo, Oppland, Sogn og Fjordane, Hordaland, Telemark, and Vestfold. ...
Rødven stave church (Rødven stavkyrkje) is a stave church located in Rødven in Rauma muncipality, Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. ...
Møre og Romsdal is a county in the northernmost part of the Vestlandet region of Norway, and borders the counties of Sør-Trøndelag, Oppland and Sogn og Fjordane. ...
Røldal stave church Røldal stave church (Røldal stavkyrkje) is a stave church at Røldal in Odda muncipality, Hardanger, Norway and was built in the 13th century. ...
Hordaland is a county in Norway, bordering Sogn og Fjordane, Buskerud, Telemark and Rogaland. ...
A post church is a church building which predates the stave church and differ in that the corner posts does not resides on a sill but has posts dug into the earth. ...
Torpo stavkyrkje is a stave church located at Torpo in Ã…l muncipality, Hallingdal, Norway. ...
County Buskerud Landscape Hallingdal Municipality NO-0619 Administrative centre Ål Mayor (2003) Torleif T. Dalseide (V) Official language form Nynorsk Area - Total - Land - Percentage Ranked 85 1,171 km² 1,081 km² 0. ...
Buskerud is a county in Norway, bordering Akershus, Oslo, Oppland, Sogn og Fjordane, Hordaland, Telemark, and Vestfold. ...
Undredal stave church (Undredal stavkyrkje) is a stave church built in the middel of the 12th century, in the village of Undredal, Aurland muncipality, Sogn og Fjordane county, Norway. ...
County NO-14 Region Vestlandet Administrative centre Leikanger County mayor Nils R. Sandal Area - Total - Percentage Ranked 8 18,623 km² 5. ...
Urnes stave church Urnes stave church (Urnes stavkyrkje) is a stave church at the Ornes farm, near Lustrafjorden in Luster muncipality, Sogn og Fjordane, Norway. ...
County NO-14 Region Vestlandet Administrative centre Leikanger County mayor Nils R. Sandal Area - Total - Percentage Ranked 8 18,623 km² 5. ...
UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1945. ...
Elabana Falls is in Lamington National Park, part of the Central Eastern Rainforest Reserves World Heritage site in Queensland, Australia. ...
Stave Church of Uvdal, Norway Uvdal stave church (Uvdal stavkirke) is a stave church in Andebu muncipality, Numedal, Norway and was built 1168 [1] which we know through dendrochronological dating and because the logs wasnt dry when the church was built. ...
The municipality Andebu in the county of Vestfold, Norway, has 5,000 inhabitants as of autumn 2004. ...
Buskerud is a county in Norway, bordering Akershus, Oslo, Oppland, Sogn og Fjordane, Hordaland, Telemark, and Vestfold. ...
Sweden Wang temple in Karpacz Vang stave church (ÅšwiÄ…tynia Wang, also Vang stavkirke) is a stave church transferred from Norway and re-erected in 1842 in the outskirts of Karpacz in the Karkonosze mountains of Poland. ...
England Hedared Stave Church is Swedens only preserved medieval stave church. ...
Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: God Save the King/Queen Capital London (de facto) Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification - by Athelstan AD 927 Area - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK) 50,346 sq mi Population - 2006 est. ...
- Greensted church, — 845 (a church of Saxon origin, sharing a lot of construction details with stave churches)
Greensted Church, from the SE corner. ...
Later stave churches and replicas Stave churches are a very popular phenomenon and several are built or rebuilt around the world. The two most copied are Borgund and Hedared, with some variations, and sometimes with adoptions to add elements from known stave churches from the area. In other places they are of a more free form, and built for display. - The full list of later stave churches and replicas
Sweden List of later stave churches and replicas Back to the main article stave church Sweden Hållandsgårdens stave church in Åre, Jämtland, built 1999 Häggviks stave church in Nordingrå, Norrland, built 2000 Kårböle stave church in Ljusdal, Gävleborg, built 1989 Skaga stave church in...
Iceland Skaga stave church is a reconstructed stave church in Tivedskogarna, Töreboda municipality, Västra Götalands län county, Sweden. ...
Töreboda is a Municipality in Västra Götaland County, in western Sweden. ...
Västra Götaland County, or Västra Götalands län is a County or län on the western coast of Sweden. ...
Illustration in wrought-iron of Olavs life on the door of a Stave church in Hardemo, Nerike, where Olav baptized locals during his escape Saint Olafs chapel is a church in Kumla, Närke, Svealand. ...
Hardemo Hundred, or Hardemo härad, was a hundred of Nericia in Sweden. ...
Svealand Swedens historical four lands. ...
USA Heimaey stave church is situated at Heimaey, Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland. ...
Heimaey off of southwest Iceland Heimaey (pronounced HAY-mah-ay or IPA: ) is the largest island (13. ...
Cliffs on Heimaey, Vestmannaeyjar Vestmannaeyjar (The Westman Islands) is a small archipelago off the south coast of Iceland. ...
Norway Rapid City is a city in Pennington County, South Dakota, USA. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 59,607, and a 2007 estimate of 82,167. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Pierre Largest city Sioux Falls Area Ranked 17th - Total 77,163 sq mi (199,905 km²) - Width 210 miles (340 km) - Length 380 miles (610 km) - % water 1. ...
Björklunden (in full: Björklunden Vid Sjön, Norwegian for birch forest by the water) is the northern campus of Lawrence University. ...
Door County is a county located in the state of Wisconsin. ...
Official language(s) None Capital Madison Largest city Milwaukee Area Ranked 23rd - Total 65,498 sq mi (169,790 km²) - Width 260 miles (420 km) - Length 310 miles (500 km) - % water 17 - Latitude 42°30N to 47°3N - Longitude 86°49W to 92°54W Population Ranked...
The Hjemkomst Center is a museum located in Moorhead, Minnesota. ...
Moorhead may refer to: Moorhead, Minnesota Moorhead, Iowa Moorhead, Mississippi Minnesota State University Moorhead This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...
Capital Saint Paul Largest city Minneapolis Area Ranked 12th - Total 87,014 sq mi (225,365 km²) - Width 250 miles (400 km) - Length 400 miles (645 km) - % water 8. ...
The name Washington Island refers to: Washington Island, the largest of five islands that make up Washington Township in Door County, Wisconsin. ...
Official language(s) None Capital Madison Largest city Milwaukee Area Ranked 23rd - Total 65,498 sq mi (169,790 km²) - Width 260 miles (420 km) - Length 310 miles (500 km) - % water 17 - Latitude 42°30N to 47°3N - Longitude 86°49W to 92°54W Population Ranked...
- Fantoft stave church, — around 1150, arsoned 1992 by Varg Vikernes and rebuilt in 1997 (no longer on the official list)
- Haltdalen stave church (replica), — copy of the old church, now at Sverresborg museum
- Gol stave church (replica), — replica erected in the 1990s at another (improbable) site in the community from which Gol stave church was translocated in the 1880s.
Germany Fantoft stave church Fantoft stave church (Fantoft stavkirke) is a reconstructed stave church in Fana, Bergen. ...
Varg Vikernes Varg Qisling Larssøn Vikernes IPA: , born Kristian Vikernes on February 11, 1973, outside of Bergen, Norway, is a musician currently imprisoned for the 1993 murder of Øystein Euronymous Aarseth. ...
Gol stave church (Gol stavkirke) is a stave church now located at Norsk Folkemuseum, originally from Gol in Gol municipality, Hallingdal, Norway. ...
Gustav Adolf stave church (Gustav Adolf stabkirche) is a stave church situated in Hahnenklee, Harz landscape, Germany. ...
The Harz is a mountain range in northern Germany. ...
Archaeological sites and dismantled churches Many stave churches are now long gone. - The full list of archaeological sites and dismantled stave churches
Iceland This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
Norway Image:Seyðisfjörður pos. ...
A post church is a church building which predates the stave church and differ in that the corner posts does not resides on a sill but has posts dug into the earth. ...
Sweden Hakastein church was a church under Gimsøy monastery near Skien in Norway. ...
St. ...
Vågå stave church (Vågå stavkyrkje) is a historic stave church in Vågå, converted to a cruciform church in 1625. ...
Maria Minor church (S:t Maria Minor kyrka) a church refound after archeological surveys in Lund. ...
IPA: is a city in Skåne in southern Sweden. ...
See also Maramureş wooden churches at the Bârsana Monastery The Maramureş wooden churches in Northern Transylvania are a selection of eight examples of different architectural solutions from different periods and areas. ...
Stabbur in Setesdal, about 1890 The architecture of Norway has evolved significantly over several thousand years in response to changing economic conditions, technology, and demographics, but maintains many common characteristics. ...
The Norway Pavilions Stave Church Vikingschip The Norway Pavilion is part of the World Showcase within the Epcot theme park in Orlando Florida. ...
References - Directorate for Cultural Heritage, Stave Churches
- Anker, Peter, Stavkirkene, Deres egenart og historie, Oslo 1997, ISBN 82-02-15978-4
- Mereth Lindgren, Louise Lydberg, Birgitta Sandstrøm and Anna Greta Waklberg, Svensk Konsthistoria, Kristianstad 2002, ISBN 91-87896-52-4
- Bugge, Gunnar og Mezzanotte, Bernardino, Stavkirker, Oslo 1993, ISBN 82-504-2072-1
- Bugge, Gunnar, Stavkirkene i Norge, Oslo 1981, ISBN 82-09-01890-6
- Hohler, Erla Bergendahl, Norwegian Stave Church Sculpture, volume 1-2 Oslo 1999,ISBN 82-00-12748-6
- Hauglid, Roar, Norske Stavkirker, Oslo 1973, multipart work
- Lagerlöf, Erland and Svahnström, Gunnar, Gotlands Kyrkor, Kristianstad 1991 ISBN 91-29-61598-4
- Elstad, Hallgeir, Dei norske stavkyrkjene - ei innføring, Faculty of Theology, University of Oslo, curriculum 2002
- Note that the author Roar Hauglid has an enormous production and this (7) is just one of several with similar titles. Other books from the author include: Norwegische Stabkirchen, Oslo 1970, ISBN 82-09-00938-9 and Norwegian stave churches, Oslo 1970
Footnote ¹ A semi-official list of Norwegian stave churches which comply to specific criteria - This list is a rough guide to say which one is in a shape to be used as a reference for research purposes
External links Image File history File links Commons-logo. ...
Wikimedia Commons logo by Reid Beels The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ...
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