Steller's Sea-eagle
Conservation status
Vulnerable
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Falconiformes Family: Accipitridae Genus: Haliaeetus Species: H. pelagicus
Binomial name
Haliaeetus pelagicus (Pallas, 1811)
Red: breeding only Green: resident all year Dark blue: winter only Light blue: vagrant range.
Subspecies
see text Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 601 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1000 × 997 pixel, file size: 393 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Riesenseeadler File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Stellers Sea Eagle Metadata... The conservation status of a species is an indicator of the likelihood of that species continuing to survive either in the present day or the future. ... Image File history File links Status_iucn3. ... This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it. ... Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms. ... Animalia redirects here. ... Typical Classes Subphylum Urochordata - Tunicates Ascidiacea Thaliacea Larvacea Subphylum Cephalochordata - Lancelets Subphylum Myxini - Hagfishes Subphylum Vertebrata - Vertebrates Petromyzontida - Lampreys Placodermi (extinct) Chondrichthyes - Cartilaginous fishes Acanthodii (extinct) Actinopterygii - Ray-finned fishes Actinistia - Coelacanths Dipnoi - Lungfishes Amphibia - Amphibians Reptilia - Reptiles Aves - Birds Mammalia - Mammals Chordates (phylum Chordata) include the vertebrates, together with... For other meanings of bird, see bird (disambiguation). ... Families Accipitridae Pandionidae Falconidae Sagittariidae The order Falconiformes is a group of about 290 species of birds that include the diurnal birds of prey. ... Subfamilies Elaninae Perninae Milvinae Accipitrinae Buteoninae Aegypiinae Circinae Circaetinae The Accipitridae is one of the two main families within the order Falconiformes (the diurnal birds of prey). ... Species Haliaeetus albicilla Haliaeetus leucocephalus Haliaeetus pelagicus Haliaeetus vocifer Haliaeetus leucogaster Haliaeetus sanfordi Haliaeetus vociferoides Haliaeetus leucoryphus Haliaeetus is the scientific name of the genus of birds of prey commonly known as the sea eagles. ... In biology, binomial nomenclature is the formal method of naming species. ... Peter Simon Pallas (September 22, 1741 - September 8, 1811) was a German-born Russian zoologist. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 583 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (828 × 852 pixel, file size: 50 KB, MIME type: image/png) Main Source: Ferguson-Lees and David A. Christie: Raptors of the World. ... In zoology, as in other branches of biology, subspecies is the rank immediately subordinate to a species. ...
Synonyms
Aquila pelagica Pallas, 1811 In scientific nomenclature, synonyms are different scientific names used for a single taxon. ...

The Steller's Sea Eagle, Haliaeetus pelagicus^[1] is a large bird of prey in the family Accipitridae which also includes many other diurnal raptors such as kites, buzzards and harriers. This is, on average, the heaviest eagle in the world, as it averages about 6.8 kg (15 lb), but may lag behind the Harpy Eagle and the Philippine Eagle in other measurements. Orders Accipitriformes     Cathartidae     Pandionidae     Accipitridae     Sagittariidae Falconiformes     Falconidae A bird of prey or raptor is a bird that hunts its food, especially one that preys on mammals or other birds. ... Subfamilies Elaninae Perninae Milvinae Accipitrinae Buteoninae Aegypiinae Circinae Circaetinae The Accipitridae is one of the two main families within the order Falconiformes (the diurnal birds of prey). ... Orders Accipitriformes     Cathartidae     Pandionidae     Accipitridae     Sagittariidae Falconiformes     Falconidae A bird of prey or raptor is a bird that hunts its food, especially one that preys on mammals or other birds. ... Genera Milvinae    Harpagus    Ictinia    Rostrhamus    Haliastur    Milvus    Lophoictinia    Hamirostra Elaninae    Elanus    Chelictinia    Machaerhamphus    Gampsonyx    Elanoides Kites are raptors with long wings and weak legs which spend a great deal of time soaring. ... A buzzard is one of several large birds, but there are a number of meanings as detailed below. ... Genera Circus Geranospiza Polyboroides A Harrier is any of several species of diurnal birds of prey which fly low over meadows and marshes and hunt or harry small animals or birds (hence their common name). ... Binomial name Harpia harpyja (Linnaeus, 1758) The American Harpy Eagle, Harpia harpyja, is a neotropical eagle, often ambiguously called the Harpy Eagle. ... Binomial name Pithecophaga jefferyi Ogilvie-Grant, 1896 The Philippine Eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi) is one of the rarest, largest and most powerful birds in the world. ...

This bird breeds on the Kamchatka peninsula, the coastal area around the Sea of Okhotsk, the lower reaches of the Amur river and on northern Sakhalin and the Shantar Islands, Russia. The majority of birds winter further south, in the southern Kuril islands and Hokkaidō, Japan. That being said, the Steller's Sea-eagle is less vagrant than the White-tailed Eagle, usually lacking the long-range dispersal common in juveniles of that species. Kamchatka is home to many volcanoes, including Avachinsky shown here. ... Map of the Sea of Okhotsk. ... The Amur (Russian: Амур) (Simplified Chinese: 黑龙江; Traditional Chinese: 黑龍江; Hēilóng Jiāng, literally meaning Black Dragon River) (Mongolian: Хара-Мурэн, Khara-Muren or Black River) (Manchu: Sahaliyan Ula, literal meaning Black... Sakhalin (Russian: , IPA: ; Japanese: 樺太 ) or サハリン )); Chinese: 庫頁; also Saghalien, is a large elongated island in the North Pacific, lying between 45°50 and 54°24 N. It is part of Russia and is its largest island, administered as part of Sakhalin Oblast. ... The Shantar Islands are a group of islands that lie in the western part of the Sea of Okhotsk, close to the Russian mainland. ... Location of Kuril Islands in the Western Pacific. ...   literally North Sea Circuit, Ainu: Mosir), formerly known as Ezo, Yezo, Yeso, or Yesso, is the second largest island and largest prefecture of Japan. ... Binomial name Haliaeetus albicilla (Linnaeus, 1758) Light Green: nesting area Blue: wintering area Dark Green: all-year Synonyms Falco albicilla Linnaeus, 1758 Haliaeetus albicilla albicilla Haliaeetus albicilla groenlandicus The White-tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla[1]), also known as the Sea Eagle, Erne (sometimes Ern), or White-tailed Sea-eagle is... In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biodiversity. ...

Description, systematics and status

Stellers' Sea-eagle is the biggest bird in the Genus Haliaeetus and is one of the largest raptors overall. The typical size range is 86.5-105 cm (34-41 inches) long and the wingspan is 203-241 cm (6.8-8 feet). On average, females weigh from 6.8 to 9 kg (15 to 20 lb), while males are considerably lighter with a weight range from 4.9 to 6 kg (10.8 to 13.2 lb). An unverified record exists of a huge, wild female, gorged on salmon, having weighed 12.7 kg (28 lb). Species Haliaeetus albicilla Haliaeetus leucocephalus Haliaeetus pelagicus Haliaeetus vocifer Haliaeetus leucogaster Haliaeetus sanfordi Haliaeetus vociferoides Haliaeetus leucoryphus Haliaeetus is the scientific name of the genus of birds of prey commonly known as the sea eagles. ... Look up raptor in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

This species is classified as Vulnerable. The main threats to its survival are habitat alteration, industrial pollution and over-fishing. The current population is estimated at 5,000 and decreasing. The conservation status of a species is an indicator of the likelihood of that species continuing to survive. ...

Two subspecies have been named: the nominate pelagicus, and the Korean Sea-eagle, Haliaeetus pelagicus niger^[2]. The latter name was given to the Korean population which was apparently resident all year and lacked white feathers except for the tail. Its validity is disputed; it may have been a morph and not a genetically distinct population. In any case, the Korean population of this species is extinct since the 1950s due to habitat loss and hunting. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 780 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2600 × 2000 pixel, file size: 2. ... In zoology, as in other branches of biology, subspecies is the rank immediately subordinate to a species. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... A Morph, meaning form (from the Latin morpha), is a zoological term that descibes local populations or subpopulations of a single species of animal that may or may not be phenotypically distinct from the larger population as a whole. ... For a non-technical introduction to the topic, please see Introduction to genetics. ... This does not cite any references or sources. ...

The relationships of Steller's Sea-eagle are not completely resolved. mtDNA cytochrome b sequence data tentatively suggests that this species's ancestors diverged early in the colonization of the Holarctic by sea eagles. This is strongly supported by morphological traits such as the yellow eyes, beak, and talons shared by this species and the other northern sea-eagles, the White-tailed and Bald Eagles, and biogeography.(Wink et al., 1996) Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is DNA which is not located in the nucleus of the cell but in the mitochondria. ... CoQ Cytochrome c reductase The Coenzyme Q - cytochrome c reductase complex, sometimes called the cytochrome bc1 complex, and at other times Complex III, is the third complex in the electron transfer chain (PDB 1KYO, EC 1. ... part of a DNA sequence A DNA sequence (sometimes genetic sequence) is a succession of letters representing the primary structure of a real or hypothetical DNA molecule or strand, The possible letters are A, C, G, and T, representing the four nucleotide subunits of a DNA strand (adenine, cytosine, guanine... The Holarctic is a term used by zoologists to define the ecozone covering much of Eurasia and North America, which have often been connected by the Bering land bridge. ... Morphology is the following: In linguistics, morphology is the study of the structure of word forms. ... Binomial name Haliaeetus albicilla (Linnaeus, 1758) Light Green: nesting area Blue: wintering area Dark Green: all-year Synonyms Falco albicilla Linnaeus, 1758 Haliaeetus albicilla albicilla Haliaeetus albicilla groenlandicus The White-tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla[1]), also known as the Sea Eagle, Erne (sometimes Ern), or White-tailed Sea-eagle is... Binomial name Haliaeetus leucocephalus (Linnaeus, 1766) Bald Eagle range Subspecies (Linnaeus, 1766) Southern Bald Eagle Audubon, 1827) Northern Bald Eagle or Washingtons Eagle Synonyms Falco leucocephalus Linnaeus, 1766 The Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), also known in the United States as the American Eagle, is a bird of prey found... Biogeography is the science which deals with patterns of species distribution and the processes that result in such patterns. ...

The large size (see also Bergmann's Rule) suggests that it is a glacial relic, meaning that it evolved in a narrow subarctic zone of the northeasternmost Asian coasts, which shifted its latitude according to ice age cycles, and never occurred anywhere else. It is unique among all sea eagles in having a yellow bill even in juvenile birds, and possessing 14, not 12, rectrices. The large size of a polar bear allows it to radiate less heat in a cold climate. ... A relic is an object, especially a piece of the body or a personal item of someone of religious significance, carefully preserved with an air of veneration as a tangible memorial, Relics are an important aspect of Buddhism, some denominations of Christianity, Hinduism, shamanism, and many other personal belief systems. ... The subarctic is a region in the Northern Hemisphere immediately south of the true Arctic and covering much of Canada and Siberia, the north of Scandinavia, northern Mongolia and the Chinese province of Heilongjiang. ... World map showing the location of Asia. ... Latitude, usually denoted symbolically by the Greek letter phi, , gives the location of a place on Earth north or south of the equator. ... Variations in CO2, temperature and dust from the Vostok ice core over the last 400 000 years For the animated movie, see Ice Age (movie). ... A type of vaned feather found in a birds tail. ...

Food

The Steller's Sea-eagle mainly feeds on fish, especially salmon and trout. Besides fish, it also preys on water-dwelling birds, mammals and carrion. This eagle may prey on young seals, but seals are generally more likely to be eaten as carrion. A giant grouper at the Georgia Aquarium Fish are aquatic vertebrates that are typically cold-blooded; covered with scales, and equipped with two sets of paired fins and several unpaired fins. ... Illustration of a male Coho Salmon The Chinook or King Salmon is the largest salmon in North America and can grow to 1. ... Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Biwa trout, Oncorhynchus masou subsp Trout is the common name given to a number of species of freshwater fish belonging to the salmon family, Salmonidae. ... For other meanings of bird, see bird (disambiguation). ... Orders Subclass Monotremata Monotremata Subclass Marsupialia Didelphimorphia Paucituberculata Microbiotheria Dasyuromorphia Peramelemorphia Notoryctemorphia Diprotodontia Subclass Placentalia Xenarthra Dermoptera Desmostylia Scandentia Primates Rodentia Lagomorpha Insectivora Chiroptera Pholidota Carnivora Perissodactyla Artiodactyla Cetacea Afrosoricida Macroscelidea Tubulidentata Hyracoidea Proboscidea Sirenia The mammals are the class of vertebrate animals primarily characterized by the presence of mammary... An American Black Vulture feeding on squirrel carrion For other uses, see Carrion (disambiguation). ... Families Odobenidae Otariidae Phocidae Pinnipeds (fin-feet, lit. ...

Reproduction

This eagle builds several aeries (height, 150 cm; diameter up to 250 cm) high up on trees and rock. It is possible that the eagles change occasionally between these nests. After courtship, which usually occurs between February and March, the animals lay their first white-green eggs around April to May. Usually only one chick survives. After an incubation period of around 39 - 45 days the chicks hatch, having ash grey to white down. As young birds the down changes to brown feathers. At an age of around ten weeks, the young birds learn to fly, while they reach sexual maturity at around four to five years. Only at the age from eight to ten years a Steller's Sea-eagle is wearing full adult plumage. Genera Several, see below. ... A possible party member from the popular PC game Baldurs Gate II. Aerie is an avariel, or winged elf. ... The coniferous Coast Redwood, the tallest tree species on earth. ... The rocky side of a mountain creek near Orosí, Costa Rica. ... A basket style nest A nest is place of refuge built to hold an animals eggs and/or provide a place to raise their offspring. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... In most birds and reptiles, an egg (Latin ovum) is the zygote, resulting from fertilization of the ovum. ... The word incubation (from the Latin incubare, to lie upon) can mean the following: In chemistry or biochemistry, incubation refers to maintaining a system under specific conditions in order to promote a particular reaction. ... A baby chicken Look up chick in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up Down in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up Down in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Closeup on a single white feather A feather is one of the epidermal growths that forms the distinctive outer covering, or plumage, on a bird. ... Maturity may refer to: Sexual maturity Maturity, a geological term describing hydrocarbon generation Maturity, a financial term indicating the end of payments of principal or interest Look up Maturity in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... AGE may refer to: advanced glycation endproduct A.G. Edwards, brokerage firm. ... For the adult insect stage, see Imago. ... Closeup on a single white feather A feather is one of the epidermal growths that forms the distinctive outer covering, or plumage, on a bird. ...

Gallery

Adult Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...	Adult back Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 536 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1700 × 1900 pixel, file size: 1. ...	Juvenile right side Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 675 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1800 × 1600 pixel, file size: 1. ...	Juvenile left side Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 600 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1700 × 1700 pixel, file size: 1. ...
Juvenile head Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 780 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2600 × 2000 pixel, file size: 2. ...	Adult at Ueno Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 398 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (465 × 700 pixel, file size: 334 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Eagle at Ueno Zoo in Tokyo Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License...

References

• BirdLife International (2004). Haliaeetus pelagicus. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 6 May 2006. Database entry includes a range map, a brief justification of why this species is vulnerable, and the criteria used
• Brown, Leslie Hilton (1976): Eagles of the world. David & Charles, Newton Abbot. ISBN 0-7153-7269-6
• Ferguson-Lees, James; Christie, David A. & Franklin, Kim (2005): Raptors of the world: a field guide. Christopher Helm, London & Princeton. ISBN 0-7136-6957-8
• True, Dan (1980): A family of eagles. Everest, New York. ISBN 0-89696-078-1
• Wink, M.; Heidrich, P. & Fentzloff, C. (1996): A mtDNA phylogeny of sea eagles (genus Haliaeetus) based on nucleotide sequences of the cytochrome b gene. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 24: 783-791. DOI:10.1016/S0305-1978(96)00049-X PDF fulltext

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List and Red Data List), created in 1963, is the worlds most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of plant and animal species and can be found here. ... The World Conservation Union or International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) is an international organization dedicated to natural resource conservation. ... The Helm Identification Guides are a series of books dealing with the identification of groups of birds. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ...

Footnotes

1. ^ Etymology: Haliaeetus, New Latin for "sea-eagle". pelagicus, "of the open seas", from Ancient Greek pelagos, the ocean.
2. ^ Etymology: niger, Latin for "black".

Not to be confused with Entomology, the study of insects. ... New Latin (or Neo-Latin) is a post-medieval version of Latin, now used primarily in International Scientific Vocabulary cladistics and systematics. ... Note: This article contains special characters. ... Not to be confused with Entomology, the study of insects. ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Haliaeetus pelagicus

• BirdLife Species Factsheet. Retrieved 2006-DEC-01.
• Biocrawler.com: Windows Media streaming video showing Haliaeetus pelagicus. Retrieved 2006-DEC-01.
• Arkive.org: Real Media streaming video showing Haliaeetus pelagicus. Retrieved 2006-DEC-01.
• Natural Research Ltd.: Steller's Sea Eagle Studies. Retrieved 2006-DEC-01.