Stephen Moulton Babcock (1843–1931) was a U.S. agricultural chemist. 1843 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1931 calendar). ... Motto: (traditional) In God We Trust (official, 1956–present) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City Official language(s) None at the federal level; English de facto Government Federal Republic  - President George W. Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence - Declared - Recognized... A chemist pours from a Florence flask. ...

Born on a farm in Oneida County, New York, Babcock earned degrees from Tufts College in Boston, Massachusetts and Cornell University in Ithaca, New York before earning a doctorate in organic chemistry at the University of Gottingen, Germany. Upon his return to the United States in 1881, Babcock took up the role of an agricultural chemist at the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station in Geneva, New York where his first assignment was to determine the proper feed ratios of carbohydrate, fat, and protein from cow excrement using chemical analysis. His findings determined that the excrement's chemical composition was similar to that of the feed with the only major exception being the ash. These results were tested and retested, and his results were found to be similar to German studies done earlier. This led Babcock to think about what would happen if the cows were fed a single grain (barley, corn, wheat) though that test would not occur for nearly twenty-five years. Oneida County is a county located in the state of New York. ... Tufts University is a private university located in Medford, Massachusetts, a suburb of Boston. ... Nickname: City on the Hill, Beantown, The Hub of the Universe (The State House, according to Oliver Wendell Holmes, is the hub of the Solar System), Athens of America, The Cradle of Revolution Location in Massachusetts, USA Counties Suffolk County Mayor Thomas M. Menino(D) Area    - City 232. ... Cornell redirects here. ... The City of Ithaca (named for the Greek island of Ithaca in Homers Odyssey) sits on the southern shore of Cayuga Lake, in Central New York State and is famous for being the location for Cornell University and Ithaca College. ... Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. ... The Georg-August University of Göttingen (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, often called the Georgia Augusta) was founded in 1734 by George II, King of Great Britain and Elector of Hanover, and opened in 1737. ... 1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Agricultural chemistry is the science of the causes and effects of biochemical reactions related to plant and animal growth. ... The campus of the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station at Geneva, New York, is an integral part of the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences of Cornell University. ... Geneva is a city in Ontario County, New York, USA. The population was 13,617 at the 2000 census. ... Lactose is a disaccharide found in milk. ... There are other articles with similar names; see Fat (disambiguation). ... A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin, showing coloured alpha helices. ... Feces (also spelled faeces or fæces) are the waste products from the digestive tract expelled through the anus during defecation. ... Look up ash in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Binomial name Hordeum vulgare L. Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is a major food and animal feed crop, a member of the grass family Poaceae. ... Look up corn in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Species T. boeoticum T. compactum T. dicoccoides T. dicoccon T. durum T. monococcum T. spelta T. sphaerococcum References:   ITIS 42236 2002-09-22 Wheat (Triticum spp. ...

Seven years later, Babcock accepted a position at the University of Wisconsin Agrcultural Experiment Station (UWAES) as chair of the Agricultural Chemistry department, and immediately began petitioning Dean of Agriculture William Henry, then station director, to perform the "single-grain experiment." Henry refused. In the meantime, he discovered the Babcock test which determines the butterfat content of milk in 1890, then worked with bacteriologist Harry L. Russell in developing the cold-curing process for ripening cheese (1897). The former method is the standard for butterfat determination of milk worldwide while the latter led Wisconsin to be the leading cheese producer in the United States. The University of Wisconsin–Madison is a public university located in Madison, Wisconsin. ... Chemistry (from Greek χημεία khemeia meaning alchemy, see below for possible origins of this word) is the science of matter at the atomic to molecular scale, dealing primarily with collections of atoms (such as molecules, crystals, and metals). ... William Henry has been the name of sevearl notable men: William Henry, (1729-1786), U.S. gunsmith, Pennsylvania delegate to Continental Congress William Henry, (1775-1816), English chemist who formulated Henry’s law William Henry, (1788-1861), U.S. Congressman from Vermont William Henry, (1859-?), British swimmer Wiliam Henry... The single-grain experiment was an experiment that carried out at the University of Wisconsin from May 1907 to 1911 that would lead to the development of modern nutrition. ... The Babcock test is the first inexpensive and practical test factories could use to determine the fat content of milk. ... Butterfat or milkfat is the fatty portion of milk. ... A glass of cows milk Milk is the nutrient fluid produced by the mammary glands of female mammals (including monotremes). ... 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar). ... Microbiology (in Greek micron = small and biologia = studying life) is the study of microorganisms, including unicellular (single-celled) eukaryotes and prokaryotes, fungi, and viruses. ... In polymer chemistry and Process Engineering, curing refers to the toughening or hardening of a polymer material by cross-linking of polymer chains, brought about by chemical additives, ultraviolet radiation or heat. ... Cheese is a solid food made from the milk of cows, goats, sheep, and other mammals. ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ...

Babcock continued pressing Henry to perform the "single-grain experiment," even approaching the UWAES animal husbandry chair J.A. Craig (he refused). When W.L. Carlyle replaced Craig in 1897, Carlyle was more receptive to Babcock's idea. Initially trying a salt experiment with eight dairy cows as a matter of taste preference while eight other cows received no salt. After one of the eight cows that did not receive salt died, Carlyle discontinued the experiment and all of the remaining cows were given salt in order to restore their health. In a draw in a mountainous region, a shepherd guides a flock of about 20 sheep amidst scrub and olive trees. ... A magnified crystal of a salt (halite/sodium chloride) In chemistry, a salt is any ionic compound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is neutral and without a net charge. ...

Henry, now Dean of Agriculture in 1901, finally relented and gave Babcock permission to perform the experiment. Carlyle approved the experiment with only two cows. One cow was fed corn while the other was fed rolled oats and straw with hopes the experiement would last one year. Three months into the experiment, the oat-fed cow died, and Carlyle halted the event to save the other cow's life. The results were not published mainly because Babcock did not list how much of eat grain the repsective cows had consumed. 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

In 1906, a chemist from the University of Michigan, Edwin B. Hart (1874-1953), was hired by Babcock. Hart previously had work at the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station and had studied physiological chemistry under Albrecht Kossel in Germany. Both worked with George C. Humphrey, who replaced Carlyle as animal husbandry professor, to plan a long-term feeding plan using a chemically-balanced diet of carbohydrates, fat, and protein instead of single plant rations as done in Babcock's earlier experiments. The "single-grain experiment" was thus born in 1907. 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... UM also has campuses in Dearborn and Flint. ... Edwin B. Hart (1874-1953) was an American biochemist. ... 1874 (MDCCCLXXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... Physiology (in Greek physis = nature and logos = word) is the study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of living organisms. ... Ludwig Karl Martin Leonhard Albrecht Kossel (September 16, 1853 - July 5, German medical doctor. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Nutrition. ... 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

From May 1907 to 1911, the experiment was carried out with Hart as director, Babcock providing the ideas, and Humphrey overseeing the welfare of the cows during the experiment. Edwin V. McCollum, an organic chemist from Connecticut, was hired by Hart to analyze the grain rations and the cow excrement. The experiment called for four groups of four heifer calves each during which three groups were raised and two pregnancies were carried through during the experiment. The first group ate only wheat, the second group ate only bran, the thrid group at only corn, and the last group at a mixture of the other three. 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Cattle the charitable organization Heifer International This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... A pregnant woman near the end of her term Pregnancy is the carrying of one or more embryos or fetuses by female mammals, including humans, inside their bodies. ... Bran is the hard outer layer of cereal grains, and consists of combined aleurone and pericarp. ...

In 1908, it was shown that the corn-fed animals were the most healthy of the group while the wheat-fed groups were the least healthy. All four groups bred during that year with the corn-fed calves being the healthiest while the wheat and mixed-fed calves were stillborn or later died. Similar results were found in 1909. In 1910, the corn-fed cows had their diets switched to wheat and the non-corn-fed cows were fed wheat. This produced unhealthy calves for the formerly corn-fed cows while the remaining cows produced healthy calves. When the 1909 formulas were reintroduced to the respective cows in 1911, the same gestation results in 1909 occured again in 1911. These results were published in 1911. Similar results had been done in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) in 1901, in Poland in 1910, and in England in 1906 (though the English results were not published until 1912). 1908 (MCMVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... The expected result of pregnancy is the birth of a living child. ... 1909 (MCMIX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1910 (MCMX) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ... The Dutch East Indies, or Netherlands East Indies, (Dutch: Nederlands-Indië) was the name of the colonies set up by the Dutch East India Company, which came under administration of the Netherlands during the 19th century (see Indonesia). ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital London Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Government Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister Tony Blair MP Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq... 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

This experiment would lead to the development of nutrition as a science. It has been suggested that Diet (nutrition) be merged into this article or section. ...

In World War II the United States liberty ship SS S. M. Babcock was named in his honor. Combatants Major Allied powers: United Kingdom Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Major Axis powers: Nazi Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Harry Truman Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead... The Liberty ships were cargo ships built in the United States during World War II. They were cheap and quick to build, and came to symbolize U.S. wartime industrial output. ...

In 1948, the Institute of Food Technologists created the Stephen M. Babcock Award (now the Babcock-Hart Award) in honors of Babcock's achievements. Additionally, the food science department building at the University of Wisconsin in Madison was named in Babcock's honor in 1952. 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1948 calendar). ... Institute of Food Technologists The Insitute of Food Technologists or IFT is an international, non-profit professional organization for the advancement of food science and technology. ... The Babcock-Hart Award has been awarded since 1948 by the Institute of Food Technologists. ... Food science is a discipline concerned with all technical aspects of food, beginning with harvesting or slaughtering, and ending with its cooking and consumption. ... Nickname: Mad Town or Mad City Location of Madison in Dane County, Wisconsin Municipality City Incorporated 1848 Mayor Dave Cieslewicz Area    - City km²  (84. ... 1952 (MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

External links

Food Portal

• Biography
• Petition from Madison, Wisconsin to National Park Service for University of Wisconsin Dairy Barn to be named a National Landmark. pp.21-25.
• History of Babcock Hall at the University of Wisconsin-Madison
• IFT Babcock-Hart Award winners