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Encyclopedia > Stereoscope
Pocket stereoskop WILD 1985
Pocket stereoskop WILD 1985
Old Zeiss pocket stereoscope with original test image
Old Zeiss pocket stereoscope with original test image
Stereo card of a stereoscope in use. 1901.
Stereo card of a stereoscope in use. 1901.

A stereoscope is a device for viewing stereographic cards, which are cards that contain two separate images that are printed side-by-side to create the illusion of a three-dimensional image. This is an example of stereoscopy. When stereographic cards are viewed without a stereoscopic viewer the users are required to force their eyes either to cross, or to diverge, so that the two images appear to be three. Then as each eye sees a different image, the effect of depth is achieved in the central image of the three. This is the oldest method of stereoscopy, having been discovered in the mid-19th century by Charles Wheatstone. In the late 19th and early 20th century "stereoviews",stereo cards, stereo pairs or stereographs were popularly sold. The cards had a pair of photographs, usually taken with a special camera that took the pair of images from slightly separated views simultaneously. Cards were printed with these views (often with explanatory text); when the cards were looked at through the double-lensed viewer, called a stereoscope or a stereopticon (a common misnomer), a three-dimensional image could be seen. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2436x1028, 151 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Stereoscope Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2436x1028, 151 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Stereoscope Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1942x1367, 1485 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Stereoscope ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1942x1367, 1485 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Stereoscope ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (4170x2081, 1039 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Stereoscope Anaglyph image User:Davepape/Images ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (4170x2081, 1039 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Stereoscope Anaglyph image User:Davepape/Images ... Stereo card image modified for crossed eye viewing. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Charles Wheatstone Sir Charles Wheatstone (February 6, 1802 - October 19, 1875) was the British inventor of many innovations including the English concertina the Stereoscope an early form of microphone the Playfair cipher (named for Lord Playfair, the person who publicized it) He was a major figure in the development of... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999... Stereoscopy, stereoscopic imaging or 3-D (three-dimensional) imaging is a technique to create the illusion of depth in a photograph, movie, or other two-dimensional image, by presenting a slightly different image to each eye. ... Stereoscopy, stereoscopic imaging or 3-D (three-dimensional) imaging is a technique to create the illusion of depth in a photograph, movie, or other two-dimensional image, by presenting a slightly different image to each eye. ...

A Holmes stereoscope, the most popular form of 19th century stereoscope was the inspiration for this contemporary Lucas-Price stereoscope
A Holmes stereoscope, the most popular form of 19th century stereoscope was the inspiration for this contemporary Lucas-Price stereoscope

A simple stereoscope is limited in the size of the image that may be used. A more complex stereoscope uses a pair of horizontal periscope-like devices, allowing the use of larger images that can present more detailed information in a wider field of view. The stereoscope is essentially an instrument in which two photographs of the same object, taken from slightly different angles, are simultaneously presented, one to each eye. Each picture is focused by a separate lens, and the two lenses are inclined so as to shift the images toward each other and thus ensure the visual blending of the two images into one three-dimensional image. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1904x1876, 171 KB) Other versions Originally from en. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1904x1876, 171 KB) Other versions Originally from en. ... Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. ... Principle of the periscope. ...


A moving image extension of the stereoscope has a large vertically mounted drum containing a wheel upon which are mounted a series of stereographic cards which form a moving picture. The cards are restrained by a gate and when sufficient force is available to bend the card it slips past the gate and into view, obscuring the preceding picture. These coin-enabled devices were found in arcades in the late 19th and early 20th century and were operated by the viewer using a hand crank. These devices can still be seen and operated in some museums specializing in arcade equipment.

A more modern example of stereoscope image
A more modern example of stereoscope image

The stereoscope offers several advantages: Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (893x640, 250 KB) Image created by Lauri Kosonen, on 27th of February 2006. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (893x640, 250 KB) Image created by Lauri Kosonen, on 27th of February 2006. ...

  • Using positive curvature (magnifying) lenses, the focus point of the image is changed from its short distance (about 30 to 40 cm) to a virtual distance at infinity. This allows the focus of the eyes to be consistent with the parallel lines of sight, greatly reducing eye strain.
  • The card image is magnified, offering a wider field of view and the ability to examine the detail of the photograph.
  • The viewer provides a partition between the images, avoiding a potential distraction to the user.

A transparency viewer is a type of stereoscope that offers similar advantages. View-Master reels from a German Karl May-movie. ...


Fine arts stereoscopy

Graphic artists have and continue to produce original artwork to be viewed using stereoscopic devices (stereoscopes).


Several fine arts photographers are producing and marketing photographic stereoscope cards, but these seem to fall within a rather narrow genre, appearing to be mostly high-quality erotica. Some sources for non-erotic stereo photography are cited in "External Links" below. Erotica (from the Greek language Eros - love) — are works of art, including literature, photography, film, sculpture and painting, that deal substantively with erotically stimulating or arousing descriptions. ...


See also

The megalethoscope is an optical apparatus in which photographs are viewed through a large lens giving the impression of depth and perspective. ...

External links

  • [http://travel.webshots.com/album/556731526OdTeiv Volkan Yuksel's Cross Eyed 3D Stereo Pair Collection from Planet Earth.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Stereo card
  • University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections Stereocard Collection
  • University of Washington Freshwater and Marine Image Bank Stereocard collection based on Freshwater and Marine topics
  • Stereoscopy
  • Stereoscopy.com - The World of 3D-Imaging!
  • Explora Museum in Frankfurt/Main - Germany - Europe
  • 3D Museum in Dinkelsbühl - Germany - Europe
  • Calculating stereo pairs
  • Modern Stereoscope
  • 3d Stereoview Photography A Window to Wonder

  Results from FactBites:
 
Engadget (917 words)
Details are a bit hazy on this one, but it looks like Hitachi is readying a new "small sized stereoscopic vision display technology." Measuring in at 7.9- x 7.9- x 3.9-inches and weighing 2.2-pounds, the mysterious device apparently utilizes an...
Although we Americans tend to scoff at anything labeled 3D, stereoscopic, or wearable display, apparently the Aussies (or somebody) think these things are pretty inspiring.
Of course, in the world of stereoscopic video, "compact" is a relative term, and this is definitely not something that'll come close to replacing...
A History of Photography, by Robert Leggat: STEREOSCOPIC photography (572 words)
Stereoscopic, or 3D photography, works because it is able to recreate the illusion of depth.
The stereoscope took off in a big way when Queen Victoria and Prince Albert observed one at the exhibition at the Crystal Palace, and Brewster presented her with a stereoscope made by Duboscq.
The Stereoscopic Society was founded in 1893, and is one of two societies operating in Britain which continue to promote this form of photography.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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