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Steven Alan Hassan (1954 - ) is a licensed mental health counselor and an exit counselor. Hassan was an early advocate of exit counseling, and is the author of two books on the subject of "cults", and what he describes as their use of mind control, thought reform, and the psychology of influence in order to recruit and retain members. After spending one year assisting with involuntary deprogrammings, he developed what he describes as his own non-coercive methods for helping members of alleged cults to leave their groups, and developed therapeutic approaches for counseling former members in order to help them overcome the purported effects of cult membership. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (963x998, 685 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Steven Hassan ...
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Education The Master of Education (M.Ed or M.A.E.) is a degree conferred by American institutions for educators moving on in their field. ...
Unlike clinical psychology, counseling psychology is generally a joint-venture of both psychology departments and departments of education. ...
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Background Hassan became a member of the Unification Church in the 1970s, at the age of 19, while studying at Queens College. He describes what he terms as his "recruitment" in his first book, Combatting Cult Mind Control, asserting that this recruitment was the result of the unethical use of powerful psychological influence techniques by members of the Church.[1] He subsequently spent over two years recruiting and indoctrinating new members, as well as performing fundraising and campaigning duties, and ultimately rose to the rank of Assistant Director of the Unification Church at its National Headquarters. In that capacity he met personally with Sun Myung Moon.[2] The Unification Church is a new religious movement started by Sun Myung Moon in Korea in the 1940s. ...
1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday. ...
Combatting Cult Mind Control: The #1 Best-selling Guide to Protection, Rescue, and Recovery from Destructive Cults is an non-fiction by Steven Hassan. ...
Sun Myung Moon in 2005. ...
Hassan has given an account of his leaving the Unification Church in his 1998 book Combatting Cult Mind Control and on his personal website: After having been awake for two days as the head of a fundraising team, he caused a traffic accident when he fell asleep at the wheel of the Church's van and drove into the back of a truck. He ended up with a broken leg, surgery and a full-leg cast. During his recuperation he was given permission by his superiors in the Church to visit his parents. His parents contacted former members of the Unification Church who engaged in a deprogramming session with Hassan. Because of his cast he was not able to run or drive away, but he resisted to the point that he states that he had an impulse to "escape by reaching over and snapping my father's neck", rather than to potentially succumb to the deprogramming and betray "The Messiah". His father convinced him to stay for five days and talk to the former Church members who were conducting the deprogramming, after which time Hassan would be free to make the choice to return to the Church. Hassan agreed to this. He subsequently decided to leave the Church.[3] Combatting Cult Mind Control: The #1 Best-selling Guide to Protection, Rescue, and Recovery from Destructive Cults is an non-fiction by Steven Hassan. ...
In 1979, following the Jonestown tragedy, Hassan founded a non-profit organization called "Ex-Moon Inc.", whose membership consisted of over four hundred former members of the Unification Church.[2] Houses in Jonestown Jonestown was the communal settlement made in northwestern Guyana by the Peoples Temple, a cult from California. ...
The Unification Church is a new religious movement started by Sun Myung Moon in Korea in the 1940s. ...
According to his biography, "During the 1977-78 Congressional Subcommittee Investigation into South Korean CIA activities in the United States, he consulted as an expert on the Moon organization and provided information and internal documents regarding Moon's desire to influence politics in his bid to 'take over the world.'"[2] A Congressional subcommittee issued a report entitled, Investigation of Korean-American Relations, of which 81 pages concerned Rev. ...
Around 1980, Hassan began investigating methods of persuasion, mind control and indoctrination. He first studied the thought reform theories of Robert Lifton, and was "able to see clearly that the Moon organization uses all eight" of the thought reform methods described by Lifton.[3] Persuasion is a form of influence. ...
Mind control (or thought control) has the premise that an outside source can control an individuals thinking, behavior or consciousness (either directly or more subtly). ...
Indoctrination is instruction in the fundamentals of a system of belief (such as a philosophy, religion or science). ...
Robert Jay Lifton (born May 16, 1926) is a prominent American psychiatrist and author, chiefly known for his studies of the psychological causes and effects of war and political violence. ...
He later attended a seminar on hypnosis with Richard Bandler, which was based on the work that he and transformational grammarian John Grinder had done in developing Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP). Hassan felt that this seminar gave him "a handle on techniques of mind control, and how to combat them." He spent "nearly two years studying NLP with everyone involved in its formulation and presentation." During this period, Hassan moved to Santa Cruz, California for an apprenticeship with Grinder. He became concerned about the marketing of NLP as a tool for "power enhancement", left his association with Grinder, and "began to study the works of Milton Erickson M.D., Virginia Satir, and Gregory Bateson, on which NLP is based." His studies gave him the basis for the development of his theories on mind control.[4] Richard Wayne Bandler (born February 24, 1950) is an American author on personal development. ...
Transformational grammar is a broad term describing grammars (almost exclusively those of natural languages) which have been developed in a Chomskian tradition. ...
John Grinder, Ph. ...
// Neuro-linguistic programming (NLP) is a set of techniques, axioms and beliefs that adherents use primarily as an approach to personal development. ...
Santa Cruz is the county seat and largest city of Santa Cruz County, California, United States. ...
Milton Hyland Erickson, MD (1901 - 1980) was a psychiatrist specializing in medical hypnosis. ...
Virginia Satir (26 June 1916 - 10 September 1988) was a noted psychotherapist, known especially for her approach to family therapy. ...
Gregory Bateson (9 May 1904–4 July 1980) was a British anthropologist, social scientist, linguist and cyberneticist whose work intersected that of many other fields. ...
Hassan continued to study hypnosis and is a member of the The American Society for Clinical Hypnosis and the The International Society of Hypnosis.[5]
In 1999, Hassan founded the Freedom of Mind Resource Center. It is registered as a domestic profit coporation in the state of Massachusetts. He is president and treasurer.[6] This article is about the U.S. State. ...
In Combatting Cult Mind Control Hassan describes his personal experiences with the Unification Church, as well as his theory of the four components of mind control. The sociologist Eileen Barker, who has studied the Unification Church, has commented on the book[7]. She expressed several concerns but nevertheless recommended the book. The book has been reviewed in the American Journal of Psychiatry,[8] and in the The Lancet, [9] and has been praised by many scholars and cult experts, like Philip Zimbardo [10] and Margaret Singer. [11] Steven Alan Hassan (1954 - ) is a licensed mental health counselor and an exit counselor. ...
Eileen Barker is a professor in sociology and is an emeritus member of the London School of Economics, and a consultant to that institutions Centre for the Study of Human Rights at. ...
The Unification Church is a new religious movement started by Sun Myung Moon in Korea in the 1940s. ...
Philip G. Zimbardo (born March 23, 1933) is an American psychologist, best known for his Stanford prison experiment and bestselling introductions to psychology. ...
Margaret Thaler Singer (1921 - 2003) was a clinical psychologist and emeritus professor of psychology at the University of California, Berkeley, USA. Dr. Singer was born in Denver and received her bachelors, masters and doctoral degrees from the University of Denver. ...
In his second book, Releasing the Bonds: Empowering People to Think for Themselves (2000), Hassan presents what he terms "a much more refined method to help family and friends, called the Strategic Interaction Approach. This non-coercive, completely legal approach is far better than deprogramming, and even exit counseling."[12] Releasing the Bonds: Empowering People to Think for Themselves is Steven Hassans second work (see Combatting Cult Mind Control). ...
Hassan is a practicing Jew. He describes himself as an "activist who fights to protect people's right to believe whatever they want to believe", and states that his work has the broad support of religious leaders from a variety of spiritual orientations. [13] He further states that "many unorthodox religions have expressed their gratitude to me for my books because it clearly shows them NOT to be a destructive cult."[14]
His wife Aureet Bar-Yam died in 1991 after falling through ice while trying to save their dog. [15]
Public impact He consulted as an expert on the Unification Church during the 1977-1978 Congressional investigation of Korean-American relations. The Unification Church is a new religious movement started by Sun Myung Moon in Korea in the 1940s. ...
A Congressional subcommittee issued a report entitled, Investigation of Korean-American Relations, of which 81 pages concerned Rev. ...
He has appeared on 60 Minutes, Nightline, Dateline, Larry King Live, and The O'Reilly Factor. He has over thirty years of experience with counseling both current and former members of groups he describes as cults. 60 Minutes is an investigative television newsmagazine on United States television, which has run on CBS News since 1968. ...
Nightline is a late-night hard news program broadcast by ABC in the United States, and has a franchised formula to other networks and stations elsewhere in the world. ...
Dateline is the name of current affairs television shows: Dateline NBC, a United States show on the NBC network. ...
Larry King Live is a nightly CNN interview program hosted by broadcaster and writer Larry King. ...
The OReilly Factor is an American talk show on the Fox News Channel hosted by commentator Bill OReilly, who discusses current political and social issues with guests from opposing ends of the political spectrum. ...
In his first book, Combatting Cult Mind Control, he describes his experiences as a member the Unification Church, and describes the exit counseling methods that he developed based on those experiences, and based on his subsequent studies of psychological influence techniques. In his latest book Releasing the Bonds, which was published twelve years after Combatting Cult Mind Control, he describes the evolution of his exit counseling procedures into a more advanced procedure that he calls the "Strategic Interaction Approach." Combatting Cult Mind Control: The #1 Best-selling Guide to Protection, Rescue, and Recovery from Destructive Cults is an non-fiction by Steven Hassan. ...
The Unification Church is a new religious movement started by Sun Myung Moon in Korea in the 1940s. ...
Releasing the Bonds: Empowering People to Think for Themselves is Steven Hassans second work (see Combatting Cult Mind Control). ...
Mind control For details see: BITE model Mind control (or thought control) has the premise that an outside source can control an individuals thinking, behavior or consciousness (either directly or more subtly). ...
Although he does not name it the "BITE model", in his first book Combatting Cult Mind Control Hassan describes the "four components of mind control as:[16]
- Behavior control
- Thought control
- Emotional control
- Information control
Twelve years later, in Releasing the Bonds: Empowering People to Think for Themselves, he developed these same components into a mind-control model, "BITE", which stands for Behavior, Information, Thoughts, and Emotions. Hassan writes that cults recruit members through a three-step process which he refers to as "unfreezing," "changing," and "refreezing," respectively. This involves the use of an extensive array of various techniques, including systematic deception, behavior modification, withholding of information, and emotionally intense persuasion techniques (such as the induction of phobias), which he collectively terms mind control.[17] Releasing the Bonds: Empowering People to Think for Themselves is Steven Hassans second work (see Combatting Cult Mind Control). ...
A phobia (from the Greek φόβος fear), an irrational, persistent fear of certain situations, objects, activities, or persons. ...
Mind control (or thought control) has the premise that an outside source can control an individuals thinking, behavior or consciousness (either directly or more subtly). ...
In the same book he also writes "I suspect that most cult groups use informal hypnotic techniques to induce trance states. They tend to use what are called "naturalistic" hypnotic techniques. Practicing meditation to shut down thinking, chanting a phrase repetitively for hours, or reciting affirmations are all powerful ways to promote spiritual growth. But they can also be used unethically, as methods for mind control indoctrination." [4]
He calls groups that employ such psychological influence techniques "destructive cults," a term that he defines by the methods used to recruit and retain members, and by the effect that such methods have on members, rather than by the theological/sociological/moral views the group espouses. He is opposed to the non-consensual deprogramming of cult members, and supports instead counseling them in order that they withdraw voluntarily from the organization. He writes:[18] This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
This article refers to interpersonal or mental health counseling. ...
My mind control model outlines many key elements that need to be controlled: Behavior, Information, Thoughts and Emotions (BITE). If these four components can be controlled, then an individual's identity can be systematically manipulated and changed. Destructive mind control takes the 'locus of control' away from an individual. The person is systematically deceived about the beliefs and practices of the person (or group) and manipulated throughout the recruitment process — unable to make informed choices and exert independent judgment. The person's identity is profoundly influenced through a set of social influence techniques and a "new identity" is created — programmed to be dependent on the leader or group ideology. The person can't think for him or herself, but believes otherwise.
Hassan is a proponent of non-coercive intervention. He refers to his method as the "Strategic Interaction Approach".[19]
Twelve years after the last publication of Combatting Cult Mind Control, Hassan described his position on deprogramming in Releasing the Bonds. He states that "Deprogramming has many drawbacks. I have met dozens of people who were successfully deprogrammed but, to this day, experience psychological trauma as a result of the method. These people were glad to be released from the grip of cult programming but were not happy about the method used to help them." He further states that "A deprogramming triggers the deepest fears of cult members. They have been taken against their will. Family and friends are not to be trusted. The trauma of being thrown into a van by unknown people, driven away, and imprisoned creates mistrust, anger, and resentment." He quotes a person who was involuntarily deprogrammed as saying "What these deprogrammers did was attempt to change my mind through INFORMATION CONTROL -- just like the cult did. They did not deal with the CUT-implanted phobias, which remained with me for years -- the fear of certain colors, the identification of certain types of music with CUT rituals, the fear of retaliation and probable death should I ever leave this group."[19] The Church Universal and Triumphant is a New Age new religious movement and organization founded by Mark L. Prophet and Elizabeth Clare Prophet. ...
Criticism
Deprogramming In a research paper presented at the 2000 Society for the Scientific Study of Religion conference, Anson Shupe, professor of Sociology at Indiana/Purdue University, and Susan E. Darnell, manager of a credit union, state Hassan had participated two involuntary deprogrammings in 1976 and 1977.[20] Image File history File links Unbalanced_scales. ...
Anson D. Shupe American sociologist who studies religious groups and the anti-cult movement. ...
Hassan confirms that he took part in a number of involuntary deprogrammings in the late 1970s. In one of them a Unification Church member, Arthur Roselle, was kept tied in his home for two days[21] Regarding this, Hassan states that Roselle had already been secured by his family before Hassan arrived. Despite Hassan's claim that Arthur Roselle was tied before he arrived, Joanne Roselle's affidavit states that her "son (Arthur) became violent when confronted by his family friends, and the two ex-members of Unification Church, Steven Hassan and Ellen L. Hassan," and they "were were forced to tie his hands and legs so as not to do damage to himself and others." Joanne Roselle's affidavit indicates that Hassan was present when Arthur Roselle was tied.[22] Hassan then states that Roselle decided to leave, but Roselle's mother begged him to stay and talk to Roselle. Hassan then asked Roselle to listen to what Hassan had to say, and if Roselle then wanted to return to the Church he was free to do so. Roselle agreed to listen.[23]
Arthur Roselle's account in a sworn affidavit also contradicts this account. According to Roselle, "Hassan aided, abetted, and conspired in my kidnapping and in my subsequent false imprisonment."[24] Roselle also charged Hassan with actively assisting in depriving him of sleep, insulting and humiliating him, and treating him like "a captured animal in a zoo," as well as attempting to coerce him into signing a false affidavit exonerating Hassan of the kidnapping claims.[24]
Hassan states that he spent one year assisting with deprogrammings before turning to less controversial methods (see exit counseling).[14] Hassan has spoken out against involuntary deprogramming since 1980.[25][14][5] He states that he has not participated in any deprogrammings since then. However, in Combatting Cult Mind Control, he stated that deprogrammings can be kept as a last resort if all other attempts fail.[26] This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with deprogramming. ...
Combatting Cult Mind Control: The #1 Best-selling Guide to Protection, Rescue, and Recovery from Destructive Cults is an non-fiction by Steven Hassan. ...
Andy Bacus, an attorney for the Unification Church, against which Hassan testified to Congress, told the Illinois Senate Committee on Education on December 7, 1993 that: The Unification Church is a new religious movement started by Sun Myung Moon in Korea in the 1940s. ...
December 7 is the 341st day (342nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ...
Steve Hassan ... is an ex-member of the Unification Church who was involuntarily deprogrammed. He has spent the last 15 years deprogramming other persons. Mr. Hassan has been most active recently in providing "exit counseling" to members of the Boston Church of Christ. Like other "exit counselors", Hassan relies on the mind control theories of Margaret Singer to justify his actions.[27] Mind control (or thought control) has the premise that an outside source can control an individuals thinking, behavior or consciousness (either directly or more subtly). ...
Margaret Thaler Singer (1921 - 2003) was a clinical psychologist and emeritus professor of psychology at the University of California, Berkeley, USA. Dr. Singer was born in Denver and received her bachelors, masters and doctoral degrees from the University of Denver. ...
Rick Ross Hassan became involved in a dispute with fellow cult critic Rick Ross when Ross posted a disclaimer on his Web site after receiving what he stated were “serious complaints” regarding Hassan’s fees for his services.[28] Hassan responded that the charges were “inappropriate and completely inaccurate,” stating that Ross had misstated Hassan's current fees.[29] Ross's response was that Hassan's fees "were $500.00 per hour and/or $5,000 per day" but that after "Hassan publicly posted his fee schedule, which was reduced to $250.00 per hour and/or $2,500.00 per day...the RI disclaimer was taken down." Hassan stated that "my current fees are not $500 as Ross claims. I charge half that for an hour of counseling and have done so for quite some time."[29] Rick Alan Ross (born 1952 in Cleveland, Ohio, United States, as Ricky Allan Ross) is a private consultant and lecturer in the area of cults. ...
Website Hassan's website "Freedom of Mind" contains what he describes as information on "cults and controversial groups" and on which he offers his counseling and consultation services. Reader discussion take place in an associated Yahoo! group, called freedomofmind. In its discussion of Hassan. The Religious Movements Homepage Project states that Hassan's “entrepreneurial tendencies are baldly evident on his home page.”[30] Yahoo! Groups Yahoo! Groups is a service from Yahoo! that provides electronic mailing lists. ...
On his website Hassan distinguishes between what he terms as destructive cults and benign cults. A destructive cult, according to Hassan, has a "pyramid-shaped authoritarian regime with a person or group of people that have dictatorial control." and "uses deception in recruiting new members." In contrast, benign cults are, according to Hassan, "any group of people who have a set of beliefs and rituals that are non-mainstream." The website further states that "as long as people are freely able to choose to join with full disclosure of the group's doctrine and practices and can choose to disaffiliate without fear or harassment, then it doesn't fall under the behavioral/ psychological destructive cult category."[31] The term destructive cult (sometimes called doomsday cult) is sometimes used to refer to that small number of religious groups that have intentionally killed people, either the group members themselves or others outside of the group. ...
The site contains a disclaimer that not every group listed is necessarily what Hassan calls a "destructive mind control cult"[32] Many of the groups Hassan lists are not included in the Handbook of Cults and Sects in America.[33]. There is also considerable disagreement about what precisely constitutes a cult. Some cult critics and a some academics use the term "cult" despite its definitional ambiguity,[34] but many academics who study such groups prefer the term "New Religious Movement". [35] A new religious movement or NRM is a religious, ethical, or spiritual grouping of fairly recent origin which is not part of an established religion and has not yet become recognised as a standard denomination, church, or religious body. ...
Hassan dedicates his website "to respect for human rights, spirituality, and consumer awareness."[36] A declaration of support for "religious freedom and the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights" appears at the bottom of every page. Scientologists have stated that Hassan engages in religious bigotry by "demonizing their beliefs through false accusations."[37] Scientology is a system of beliefs and practices created by American pulp fiction[1][2] and science fiction [3] author L. Ron Hubbard in 1952 as a self-help philosophy. ...
Bibliography Combatting Cult Mind Control: The #1 Best-selling Guide to Protection, Rescue, and Recovery from Destructive Cults is an non-fiction by Steven Hassan. ...
1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
See also It has been suggested that Opposition to cults and new religious movements be merged into this article or section. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with deprogramming. ...
Jan Groenveld (1945 - October 22, 2002) was a former member of the Mormon Church and the Jehovahs Witnesses[1]. She spent a total of fifteen years in these organizations before leaving them in 1975[1][2]. After her negative experiences in these organizations, she resolved to make more information...
Opposition to cults and new religious movements (NRMs) comes from several sources with diverse concerns. ...
References - ^ Combatting Cult Mind Control, Steven Hassan, 1998, Ch. 1, ISBN 0-8928124-3-5
- ^ a b c Biography of Steven Hassan, Freedom of Mind Center
- ^ a b Combatting Cult Mind Control, Steven Hassan, 1998, Ch. 2, ISBN 0-8928124-3-5
- ^ a b Releasing the Bonds: Empowering People to Think for Themselves, Ch. 2, Steven Hassan, FOM Press, 2000
- ^ a b Releasing the Bonds: Empowering People to Think for Themselves, Ch. 6 Steven Hassan, FOM Press, 2000 (Retrieved Dec 2006)
These organizations require that their members have professional credentials and make sure they have proper training and operate within ethical guidelines. I have been teaching workshops for both organizations for many years and find their members are able to quickly understand cult mind control due to their training - ^ Freedom of Mind Resource Center, Inc., Summary Screen
- ^ Church Times (UK) 23rd November, 1990 p. 13]
- ^ American Journal of Psychiatry 147:7 July 1990
- ^ Review of Books The Lancet, Peter Tyrer, June 24th 1989
- ^ Praise For Releasing The Bonds: Empowering People to Think for Themselves
- ^ What People Are Saying About Combatting Cult Mind Control
- ^ Releasing the Bonds: Empowering People to Think for Themselves, Ch. 3 Steven Hassan, FOM Press, 2000 (Retrieved Dec 2006)
- ^ What Religious Leaders Are Saying About Combatting Cult Mind Control
- ^ a b c Refuting the Disinformation Attacks Put Forth by Destructive Cults and their Agents Accessed Dec 2006
- ^ Canellos, Peter S. "Victim's Family Wants to Know What Stalled Lincoln Pond Rescue", The Boston Globe, January 10, 1991.
- ^ Combatting Cult Mind Control, Steven Hassan, 1998, Ch. 4, ISBN 0-8928124-3-5
- ^ Releasing the Bonds: Empowering People to Think for Themselves, Ch. 4 Steven Hassan, FOM Press, 2000 (Accessed Jan 2007)
- ^ Resources page on Freedom of Mind website
- ^ a b Releasing the Bonds: Empowering People to Think for Themselves, Ch. 3 Steven Hassan, FOM Press, 2000 (Accesed Jan 2007)
- ^ CAN, We Hardly Knew Ye: Sex, Drugs, Deprogrammers’ Kickbacks, and Corporate Crime in the (old) Cult Awareness Network, by Anson Shupe, Susan E. Darnell, presented at the 2000 SSSR meeting in Houston, Texas, October 21.
- ^ Affidavit of Joanne Roselle
- ^ http://www.freedomofmind.com/stevehassan/refuting/roselle.htm Affidavit of Joanne Roselle]
That my son (Arthur) became violent when confronted by his family friends, and the two ex-members of Unification Church, Steven Hassan and Ellen L. That my son (Arthur) began swinging his arms and hitting out at everyone and we were forced to tie his hands and legs so as not to do damage to himself and others. - ^ Refuting the Disinformation Attacks Put Forth by Destructive Cults and their Agents
I acknowledge that I was involved with the Roselle deprogramming attempt in 1976. But I was never involved in violence of any kind. One main issue is that the family felt that they needed to secure him with a rope before I arrived at the neighbor's house. Skip had reportedly punched and bitten his father as well as friends of his from the football team who were very concerned about him. When I arrived and learned Skip was in the basement tied up and violent, I turned around to leave. it was his mother's tears and other family members who begged me to speak with him. I decided to go downstairs and with tears in my eyes, begged him to just listen to what I had to share with him and if he wanted to go back to the Moonies, he was free to do so. He agreed and we talked for days. - ^ a b [http://www.cesnur.org/2001/CAN/33/01.htm Declaration of Arthur Roselle. Retrieved from the CESNUR website.
- ^ Mind Warrior. New Therapist 24, March/April 2003.
- ^ Combatting Cult Mind Control, Steven Hassan, 1998, ISBN 0-8928124-3-5, p. 114
- ^ "Challenging 'Mind Control" in Illinois", Andrew P. Bacus, Articles From the January 1994 Unification News. - The following is the transcript of a statement delivered to the Illinois Senate Committee on Education, December 7, 1993.[1]
- ^ Rick Ross Responds to his Critics/Steven Hassan.
- ^ a b Steven Hassan. Response to Rick Ross’s Personal Attack on me
- ^ Religious Movements Homepage Project. Cult Group Controversies: The Anti-Cult Movement.
- ^ From the FAQ of Steven Hassan's website available online (retrieved August 2006)
"What is the difference between a destructive cult and a benign cult?
A destructive cult is a pyramid-shaped authoritarian regime with a person or group of people that have dictatorial control. It uses deception in recruiting new members (e.g. people are NOT told up front what the group is, what the group actually believes and what will be expected of them if they become members). It also uses mind control techniques to keep people dependent and obedient. [..]
Benign cult groups are any group of people who have a set of beliefs and rituals that are non-mainstream. As long as people are freely able to choose to join with full disclosure of the group's doctrine and practices and can choose to disaffiliate without fear or harassment, then it doesn't fall under the behavioral/ psychological destructive cult category." - ^ Cults, and Other Groups of Interest (Accessed Dec 2006) The fact that these groups appear on this list does not necessarily mean they are a destructive mind control cult. They appear because we have received inquiries and have established a file on the group.
- ^ University of Virginia NRM page - Handbook of Cults and Sects in America
- ^ Rosedale and Langone On Using the Term "Cult"
- ^ New Religious Movements - University of Virginia site
- ^ About the Freedom of Mind Resource Center
- ^ Religious Freedom Watch Website. Religious Experts/False Experts?/Steven Hassan.
The Boston Globe is the most widely circulated daily newspaper in Boston, Massachusetts and in the greater New England region. ...
Combatting Cult Mind Control: The #1 Best-selling Guide to Protection, Rescue, and Recovery from Destructive Cults is an non-fiction by Steven Hassan. ...
External links - Freedom of Mind Resource Center, Steven Hassan's website
- The Strategic Interaction Approach, Steven Hassan
- How "Exit Counseling" Mirrors Cult Recruiting
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