Professor Steven Michael Lukes, D.Phil. (born 1941) is the author of numerous books and articles about political and social theory. Currently he is a professor of politics and sociology at the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences at the University of Siena, the London School of Economics and New York University. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The University of Siena (Università di Siena, UNISI) in Tuscany is one of the older universities of Italy, founded in the 13th century, initially as a Studium. ... The London School of Economics and Political Science, often referred to as the London School of Economics or simply the LSE, is a specialist university[2] and a constituent college of the federal University of London, located on Houghton Street in Central London, off the Aldwych and next to the... New York University (NYU) is a major research university in New York City. ...

Biography

Lukes took his B.A. in 1962 at Balliol College, Oxford. He worked as a research fellow at Nuffield College and lecturer in politics at Worcester College and took his M.A. in 1967. He took his Ph. D. in 1968 on the work of Emile Durkheim. From 1966 to 1988 he was fellow and tutor in politics at Balliol College. He is a Fellow of the British Academy (FBA) and a visiting professor at the University of Paris, New York University, University of California, San Diego, and the University of Jerusalem. A Bachelor of Arts (B.A. or A.B.) is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for a course or program in the arts and/or sciences. ... College name Balliol College Named after John de Balliol Established 1263 Sister College St Johns Master Andrew Graham JCR President Jack Hawkins Undergraduates 403 Graduates 228 Homepage Boatclub Balliol College, founded in 1263, is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. ... The University of Oxford (often called Oxford University), located in the city of Oxford, England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. ... Nuffield College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. ... Worcester College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. ... A Master of Arts is a postgraduate academic masters degree awarded by universities in North America and the United Kingdom (excluding the ancient universities of Scotland and Oxbridge. ... David Émile Durkheim (April 15, 1858 - November 15, 1917) is known as the founder of modern sociology. ... The British Academy is the United Kingdoms national academy for the humanities and the social sciences. ... The Sorbonne, Paris, in a 17th century engraving The historic University of Paris (French: Université de Paris) first appeared in the second half of the 12th century, but was in 1970 reorganized as 13 autonomous universities (University of Paris I–XIII). ... The University of California, San Diego (popularly known as UCSD) is a public, coeducational university located in La Jolla, California. ... The Hebrew University of Jerusalem is one of Israels oldest, largest, and most important institutes of higher learning and research. ...

From 1974 to 1983 he was President of the Committee for the History of Sociology of the International Sociological Association. International Sociological Association is a non-profit organization dedicated to scientific purposes in the field of sociology and social sciences. ...

He was the co-director of the European Forum on Citizenship at the European University Institute from 1995 to 1996.

In April 2006, Lukes married the political commentator and author Katha Pollitt; Lukes was previously a widower.[1] Katha Pollitt (born 1949) is an American feminist writer. ...

Academic interests

His main interests are political and social theory, the sociology of Durkheim and his followers, individualism, rationality, the category of the person, Marxism and ethics, sociology of morality and new forms of liberalism, varieties of conceptions of power. the notion of the good society, rationality and relativism, moral conflict and politics. David Émile Durkheim (April 15, 1858 - November 15, 1917) is known as the founder of modern sociology. ... Individualism is a term used to describe a moral, political, or social outlook, that stresses human independence and the importance of individual self-reliance and liberty. ... Marxism refers to the philosophy and social theory based on Karl Marxs work on one hand, and to the political practice based on Marxist theory on the other hand (namely, parts of the First International during Marxs time, communist parties and later states). ...

Lukes's most famous academic theory is that of the 'Three faces of power'. This theory claims that governments have three ways in which they control people, decision making power, non decision making power and ideological power. Decision making power is the most public of the three faces and is the manner in which governments want to be seen. Decision making power is the power of governments to make policy decisions after widespread consultation with opposition parties and the wider public. Non decision making power is the power that governments have to control the agenda in debates and make certain issues, such as merits of a communist economic system may be a Marxist example of this, outside of what is reasonable to discuss in moderate public forums. The third, and most important, face of power is ideological power. It is ideological power that is the power to control people's wishes and thoughts and make them want things that are opposed to what would benefit them, women supporting a patriarchical society could be a feminist example of this.

He is a member of the editorial board of the European Journal of Sociology and directs a research project on what is left of the socialist idea in Western and Eastern Europe.

Publications

• Emile Durkheim: his life and work, (1972)
• (1973) Individualism. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-631-14750-0.
• Emile Durkheim: His Life and Work. A Historical and Critical Study, Penguin Press, (1973)
• Power: a Radical View, Macmillan, (1974)
• Essays in Social Theory, Columbia University Press, (1977)
• Rationality and Relativism, edited with Martin Hollis, Blackwell, (1982)
• Durkheim and the Law, edited with Andrew Scull, Martin Robertson, (1983)
• Marxism and Morality. Clarendon Press, (1985)
• The Category of the Person: Anthropology, Philosophy, History, co-edited with M. Carrithers and S. Collins. Cambridge University Press, (1986)
• Power, Blackwell, (1986)
• Moral Conflict and Politics, Oxford: Clarendon Press, (1991)
• The essay "Five Fables about Human Rights", in On Human Rights, Susan Hurley and Stephen Shute (eds.), Basic Books, (1993)
• Isaiah Berlin: Tra la filosofia e la storia delle idee. Una conversazione con Steven Lukes, Florence: Ponte alle Grazie, (1994, Italian)
• The Curious Enlightenment of Professor Caritat, Verso, (1995)
• Multicultural Questions (ed. jointly, 1999)

Collins was a Scottish printing company founded by a Presbyterian schoolmaster, William Collins, in Glasgow in 1819, in partnership with Charles Chalmers, the younger brother of Thomas Chalmers, minister of Tron Church, Glasgow. ...

External links

• Biography on London School of Economics website
• Biography on New York University website