Animal rights Activists Greg Avery · David Barbarash Rod Coronado · Barry Horne Ronnie Lee · Keith Mann Ingrid Newkirk · Andrew Tyler Jerry Vlasak · Robin Webb A civet, or sea fox, photographed in the Zigong Peoples Zoo, Sichuan, 2001. ... Image File history File links Olive_baboon1. ... Greg Avery (born 1963), also known as Greg Jennings and Greg Harrison, is a British animal rights activist and co-founder of Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty (SHAC), an international campaign to force the closure of Huntingdon Life Sciences (HLS), a controversial animal-testing company with bases in Huntingdon, England, and... David Barbarash is the North American press officer for the Animal Liberation Front. ... Rod Coronado Rodney Adam Coronado is an American eco-anarchist and animal rights activist. ... Barry Horne Barry Horne was a British animal rights activist who died of kidney failure in Ronkswood Hospital, Worcester on November 5, 2001, following a series of four hunger strikes while serving an 18-year sentence for planting incendiary devices. ... Ronnie Lee is a British animal rights activist, and founder of the Animal Liberation Front. ... Keith Mann is a British animal-rights campaigner, believed to be a senior Animal Liberation Front activist. ... PETAs president and co-founder Ingrid Newkirk Ingrid Newkirk (born July 11, 1949) is a British-born animal rights activist, author, and president of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), the worlds largest animal rights organization. ... Andrew Tyler is the director of Animal Aid, the UKs largest animal rights organization. ... Jerry Vlasak is a U.S. physician and prominent member of several controversial nonprofit organizations, including Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine and the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society. ... Robin Webb appearing on Channel 4s Dispatches Robin Webb runs the Animal Liberation Press Office in the UK. He was previously a member of the ruling council of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA), and a director of Animal Aid. ... Groups/campaigns Animal Aid Animal Liberation Front Animal liberation movement Animal Rights Militia BUAV · Great Ape Project Justice Department PETA PCRM · SPEAK Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty Viva! Animal Aid logo Animal Aid is the United Kingdoms largest animal rights group and one of the longest established in the world, having been founded in 1977. ... Beagles removed by British ALF activists from a testing laboratory owned by the Boots Group. ... For the concept, see Animal rights The animal liberation movement or animal rights movement, sometimes called the animal personhood movement and animal advocacy movement, is the global movement of activists, academics, lawyers, campaigns, and organized groups who oppose the use of non-human animals in research, as food, as clothing... The Animal Rights Militia (ARM) is a name used by animal-rights activists who are prepared to carry out acts of violence against human beings. ... The British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection is a pressure group based near Highbury Corner in North London, United Kingdom that campaigns peacefully against vivisection. ... The logo of The Great Ape Project, which aims to expand moral equality to great apes, and to foster greater understanding of them by humans. ... The Justice Department is a militant animal-rights organization, set up in Britain in 1993, and active there and in the United States. ... People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals logo People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) is the largest animal rights organization in the world. ... The Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine (PCRM) is a non-profit organization based in Washington, D.C., that promotes preventive medicine, conducts clinical research, and encourages higher standards for ethics and effectiveness in research. ... SPEAK, the Voice for the Animals is a British animal rights campaign that aims to end animal experimentation and vivisection in the UK. Its current focus is opposition to a new animal testing center being built by Oxford University. ... A monkey inside Huntingdon Life Sciences in the United States. ... Viva!, or Vegetarians International Voice For Animals, Founded by Juliet Gellatley in 1995, is an animal-rights based organisation which promotes vegetarianism and veganism. ... Issues Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act Animal rights Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 Animal testing · Bile bear Factory farming International trade in primates Nafovanny Non-human primate experiments Operation Backfire Speciesism Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... A civet, or sea fox, photographed in the Zigong Peoples Zoo, Sichuan, 2001. ... The Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act (ASPA) is a law passed by the U.K. parliament in 1986, which regulates the use of laboratory animals in the U.K. Fundamentally, actions that have the potential of causing pain, distress or lasting harm to animals are illegal in the U.K. under... Enos the space chimp before insertion into the Mercury-Atlas 5 capsule in 1961. ... A bile bear in Huizhou Farm, Vietnam. ... Beef cattle on a feedlot in the Texas Panhandle Factory farming is a term used to describe a set of controversial practices in large-scale, intensive agriculture. ... The international trade in primates sees 32,000 wild-caught primates sold on the international market every year. ... Nafovannys maternity clinic. ... Filmed by PETA, Covance primate-testing lab, Vienna, Virginia, 2004-5. ... Operation Backfire is an ongoing multi-agency criminal investigation, led by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), into violent acts in the name of animal rights and environmental causes in the United States [1]. // Background In 2004 the FBI merged seven independent investigations from its Portland, Oregon field office and... The relevance of particular information in (or previously in) this article or section is disputed. ... Cases Britches Cambridge University primates Covance · Huntingdon Life Sciences Pit of despair · Silver Spring monkeys Unnecessary Fuss Britches after being removed from the laboratory by the Animal Liberation Front Britches was the name given by researchers to a stumptail macaque monkey who was born into a breeding colony at the University of California, Riverside in March 1985. ... A marmoset inside Cambridge University, filmed by BUAV The use of primates in experiments at Cambridge University is controversial, first coming to widespread public attention in the UK following undercover investigations lasting ten months in 1998 by the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV), the results of which... Covance (NYSE: CVD), formerly Hazleton Laboratories, with headquarters in Princeton, New Jersey, is one of the worlds largest and most comprehensive drug development services companies, according to its own website, with annual revenues over $1 billion, global operations in 17 countries, and approximately 6,700 employees worldwide. ... Huntingdon Life Sciences (HLS) is a contract animal-testing company founded in 1952 in England, now with facilities in Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire and Eye, Suffolk in the United Kingdom, New Jersey in the United States, and Japan. ... Harry Harlows pit of despair The pit of despair, or vertical chamber, was a device used in experiments conducted on rhesus macaque monkeys during the 1970s by American comparative psychologist Harry Harlow and his students at the University of Wisconsin. ... The Silver Spring monkeys were 17 monkeys kept in small wire cages inside the Institute of Behavioral Research in Silver Spring, Maryland, by Dr. Edward Taub, who was researching regeneration of severed nerves with a grant from the National Institute of Health (NIH). ... Unnecessary Fuss is the name of a film produced by Ingrid Newkirk and Alex Pacheco of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), showing footage shot inside the University of Pennsylvanias Head Injury Clinic in Philadelphia, described by the university as the longest standing and most respected center... Writers/advocates Steven Best · Stephen R.L. Clark Gary Francione · Gill Langley Tom Regan · Richard D. Ryder Peter Singer · Steven M. Wise Image:Steven best. ... Dr. Stephen Clark Stephen Richard Lyster Clark (born October 30, 1945) is a British philosopher and international authority on animal rights, currently professor of philosophy and Leverhulme Research Fellow at the University of Liverpool. ... Gary Lawrence Francione (1954) is an American law professor at Rutgers University. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... Tom Regan (born November 28, 1938 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American philosopher and animal-rights activist. ... Richard D. Ryder (born 1940) is a British psychologist who, after performing psychology experiments on animals, began to speak out against the practice, and became one of the pioneers of the modern animal liberation and animal rights movements. ... For other persons named Peter Singer, see Peter Singer (disambiguation). ... Categories Animal experimentation Animal Liberation Front Animal rights movement Animal rights This box: view • talk • edit

Steven M. Wise (born 1952) is an American legal scholar who specializes in animal protection issues, primatology, and animal intelligence. He teaches animal rights law at Harvard Law School, Vermont Law School, John Marshall Law School, and Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine. He is a former president of the Animal Legal Defense Fund, and founder and president of the Center for the Expansion of Fundamental Rights. ^[1] The Yale Law Journal has called him "one of the pistons of the animal rights movement." ^[2] Primatology is the study of non-human primates. ... A civet, or sea fox, photographed in the Zigong Peoples Zoo, Sichuan, 2001. ... Harvard Law School, often referred to in shorthand as Harvard Law or HLS, is one of the professional graduate schools of Harvard University. ... Oakes Hall, Vermont Law School Vermont Law School is a private law school located in South Royalton, Vermont (a village of Royalton, Vermont). ... The John Marshall Law School is the name of two unrelated law schools, both named in honor of John Marshall. ... Tufts University is a private university in Medford/Somerville, Massachusetts, suburbs of Boston. ... The Yale Law Journal, published continuously since 1891, is by far the oldest and most widely known of the eight law reviews published by students at Yale Law School. ...

Wise is the author of Though the Heavens May Fall (2005), which recounts the 1772 trial in England of James Somersett, a black man rescued from a ship heading for the West Indies slave markets, which set in motion the movement to abolish slavery in Britain and the United States (see also Somersett's Case); Drawing the Line (2002), which describes the relative intelligence of animals and human beings; and Rattling the Cage (2000), in which he argues that legal rights should be extended to chimpanzees and bonobos. ^[1] James Somersett or Somerset was a slave who was brought by his owner from Virginia to England. ... The Caribbean or the West Indies is a group of islands in the Caribbean Sea. ... Slave redirects here. ... James Somersett or Somerset was a slave who was brought by his owner from Virginia to England. ... Type species Simia troglodytes Blumenbach, 1775 distribution of Species Pan troglodytes Pan paniscus Chimpanzee, often shortened to chimp, is the common name for the two extant species in the genus Pan. ... Binomial name Pan paniscus Schwarz, 1929 Bonobo distribution The Bonobo (Pan paniscus), until recently usually called the Pygmy Chimpanzee and less often the Dwarf or Gracile Chimpanzee, is one of the two species comprising the chimpanzee genus, Pan. ...

Background

Wise was awarded his J.D from Boston University in 1976, and became a personal injury lawyer. He was inspired to move into the area of animal rights after reading Peter Singer's Animal Liberation (1975), ^[3] often referred to as the bible of the animal liberation movement. He is a partner with the law firm Wise & Slater-Wise in Boston. Doctor of Law, Doctor of Jurisprudence, or Juris Doctor (abbreviated J.D. or JD, from the Latin, Doctor of Law) is a professional degree in law offered by universities in a number of countries. ... For other persons named Peter Singer, see Peter Singer (disambiguation). ... For the concept, see Animal rights The animal liberation movement or animal rights movement, sometimes called the animal personhood movement and animal advocacy movement, is the global movement of activists, academics, lawyers, campaigns, and organized groups who oppose the use of non-human animals in research, as food, as clothing... Nickname: City on the Hill, Beantown, The Hub (of the Universe)1, Athens of America, The Cradle of Revolution, Puritan City, Americas Walking City Location in Massachusetts, USA Counties Suffolk County Mayor Thomas M. Menino(D) Area    - City 232. ...

Animal personhood

Wise's position on animal rights is that some animals, particularly primates, meet the criteria of legal personhood and should therefore be awarded certain rights and protections. His criteria for personhood are that the animal must be able to desire things, must be able to act in an intentional manner to acquire those things, and must have a sense of self i.e. it must know that it exists. Wise argues that chimpanzees, bonobos, elephants, parrots, dolphins, orangutans, and gorillas meet these criteria. ^[3] Families 15, See classification A primate (L. prima, first) is any member of the biological order Primates, the group that contains all the species commonly related to the lemurs, monkeys, and apes, with the latter category including humans. ...

Wise argues that these animals should have legal personhood bestowed upon them to protect them from "serious infringements upon their bodily integrity and bodily liberty." Without personhood in law, he writes that you are "invisible to civil law" and "might as well be dead." ^[4]

He writes:

For four thousand years, a thick and impenetrable legal wall has separated all human from all nonhuman animals. On one side, even the most trivial interests of a single species — ours — are jealously guarded. We have assigned ourselves, alone among the million animal species, the status of "legal persons." On the other side of that wall lies the legal refuse of an entire kingdom, not just chimpanzees and bonobos but also gorillas, orangutans, and monkeys, dogs, elephants, and dolphins. They are "legal things." Their most basic and fundamental interests — their pains, their lives, their freedoms — are intentionally ignored, often maliciously trampled, and routinely abused. Ancient philosophers claimed that all nonhuman animals had been designed and placed on this earth just for human beings. Ancient jurists declared that law had been created just for human beings. Although philosophy and science have long since recanted, the law has not.^[5]

In Rattling the Cage, Wise offers examples of primates who he believes have suffered unjustifiably. He writes about Jerom, a chimpanzee who lived alone in a small cage in the Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, with no access to sunlight, after being infected with one strain of HIV when he was three, another at the age of four, and a third at the age of five, before dying in 1996 at the age of 14.

Wise also tells the story of Lucy Temerlin, a six-year-old chimpanzee who learned American Sign Language from Roger Fouts, the primatologist. Fouts would arrive at Lucy's home at 8:30 every morning, when Lucy would greet him with a hug, go to the stove, take the kettle, fill it with water from the sink, find two cups and tea bags from the cupboard, and brew and serve the tea. When she was 12, the Temerlins were no longer able to care for her. She was sent to a chimpanzee rehabilitation center in Senegal, then flown to Gambia, where she was shot and skinned by a poacher, and her feet and hands hacked off for sale as trophies. ^[4] Lucy Temerlin was a chimpanzee owned by the Institute for Primate Studies in Oklahoma, and raised by Maurice K. Temerlin, Ph. ... American Sign Language (ASL; less commonly Ameslan) is the dominant sign language of the Deaf community in the United States, in the English-speaking parts of Canada, and in parts of Mexico. ...

Works

• Rattling the Cage: Toward Legal Rights for Animals, Perseus Books, Cambridge, MA, 2000.
• Drawing the Line: Science and the Case for Animal Rights, Perseus Publishing, Cambridge, MA, 2002.
• Though the Heavens May Fall, Perseus Books, Cambridge, MA, 2005.

See also

• Stephen R.L. Clark
• Steven Best
• Gary Francione
• Ingrid Newkirk
• Tom Regan
• Richard D. Ryder
• Peter Singer

Dr. Stephen Clark Stephen Richard Lyster Clark (born October 30, 1945) is a British philosopher and international authority on animal rights, currently professor of philosophy and Leverhulme Research Fellow at the University of Liverpool. ... Image:Steven best. ... Gary Lawrence Francione (1954) is an American law professor at Rutgers University. ... PETAs president and co-founder Ingrid Newkirk Ingrid Newkirk (born July 11, 1949) is a British-born animal rights activist, author, and president of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), the worlds largest animal rights organization. ... Tom Regan (born November 28, 1938 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American philosopher and animal-rights activist. ... Richard D. Ryder (born 1940) is a British psychologist who, after performing psychology experiments on animals, began to speak out against the practice, and became one of the pioneers of the modern animal liberation and animal rights movements. ... For other persons named Peter Singer, see Peter Singer (disambiguation). ...

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b} "About the author", Steven Wise's home page.
2. ^ Website of the Center for the Expansion of Fundamental Rights.
3. ^ ^{a b} "Biography - Wise, Steven M.", Contemporary Authors - 2004, Gale Reference Team, Thomson Gale.
4. ^ ^{a b} Sunstein, Cass R. "The Chimps' Day in Court", New York Times Book Review, February 20, 2000.
5. ^ Wise, Steven. "The Problem with Being a Thing", Chapter One of Rattling the Cage: Toward Legal Rights for Animals.

References

• "Biography - Wise, Steven M.", Contemporary Authors - 2004, Gale Reference Team, Thomson Gale.
• "About the author", Steven Wise's home page.
• Website of the Center for the Expansion of Fundamental Rights.
• Sunstein, Cass R. "The Chimps' Day in Court", New York Times Book Review, February 20, 2000.
• Wise, Steven. "The Problem with Being a Thing", Chapter One of Rattling the Cage: Toward Legal Rights for Animals.

Further reading

• Capone, Lisa. "Wise Counsel for Animals", (profile of Wise), Animals, March 2000, p. 30.
• Dougherty, Robin. "The Line That Divides Human from Animal" (interview with Wise), 'Boston Globe, May 26, 2002.
• Kleiner, Kurt. "Review of Drawing the Line," Salon, September 3, 2002.
• Herbert, Roy. New Scientist, September 7, 2002, Roy Herbert, review of Drawing the Line: Science and the Case for Animal Rights, p. 54.
• Marcus, Erik. "Interview with Steven Wise," Vegan, December 6, 2002.
• Masson, Jeffrey. Observer (London, England), June 11, 2000, review of Rattling the Cage, p. 13.
• Mehren, Elizabeth. "Lawyer, Harvard Instructor Is Witness for the Defense of Animals," Los Angeles Times, May 24, 2000, p. A16.
• Neil, Martha. "Animal Rights Professor Is Very Pro Bonobo," Chicago Daily Law Bulletin, August 13, 1999, p. 3.
• Rosen, Ambuja. "All Clients Great and Small: How Strong Are Your Animal Instincts? Take a Lesson from Four Leading Animal-Rights Lawyers," Student Lawyer, December 1998, pp.28-33.
• Schensul, Jill. "Interview with Steven Wise," Animal News Center, December 6, 2002.
• Wu, F. H. Choice, October 2001, review of Rattling the Cage, p. 382.
• "Review of Rattling the Cage," January Magazine, September 2, 2002.
• Animal Rights Agenda, July-August, 2002, "A New Order in the Court" (interview with Wise), pp. 42-43.
• Animal Welfare Institute Quarterly, winter 2001, review of Rattling the Cage: Toward Legal Rights for Animals.
• Daytona Beach News-Journal, June 11, 2002, "Activist Says Some Animals Deserve Legal Rights."
• Nature, August 17, 2000, review of Rattling the Cage, pp. 675-676.
• Publishers Weekly, May 20, 2002, review of Drawing the Line, p. 59.
• Animal-Rights Lawyers," Student Lawyer, December 1998, pp. 28-33.
• Time, March 13, 2000, "Standing Up for Rover: A Harvard Lawyer Is a Champion of Humane — Not Just Human — Rights, " p. 6.
• Wall Street Journal, June 12, 2002, "The Law of the Jungle," p. A18.
• Washington Post, June 5, 2002, "Beastly Behavior? A Law Professor Says It's Time to Extend Basic Rights to the Animal Kingdom, " pp. C1-C2.