Stewart International Airport (IATA: SWF, ICAO: KSWF) is located near Newburgh, New York, in the southern Hudson Valley, 55 miles (88.5 km) north of New York City. Originally developed in the 1930s as a military base to allow cadets at the nearby United States Military Academy at West Point to learn aviation, it has over the years grown into the major passenger airport for the mid-Hudson region and continues to serve as a military airfield as well, currently housing the 105th Airlift Wing of the New York Air National Guard and a smaller Marine detachment. An IATA airport code, known by the IATA as an IATA location identifier or, simply, a location identifier [1], is a three-letter alphabetic code designating many airports around the world. ... The ICAO airport code is a four-letter alphanumeric code designating each airport around the world. ... Newburgh is a city located in Orange County, New York. ... State nickname: Empire State Other U.S. States Capital Albany Largest city New York City Governor George Pataki (R) Official languages None (English is de facto) Area 141,205 km² (27th)  - Land 122,409 km²  - Water 18,795 km² (13. ... The Hudson Valley refers to the canyon of the Hudson River and its adjacent communities in New York State, generally from northern Westchester County northward to the city of Albany. ... Midtown Manhattan, looking north from the Empire State Building, 2005 New York City (officially named the City of New York) is the most populous city in the state of New York and the entire United States. ... // Events and trends The 1930s were spent struggling for a solution to the global depression. ... Officer Cadet is a rank held by military cadets during their training to become commissioned officers. ... The Chapel at West Point The United States Military Academy, also known simply as West Point and USMA, is a U.S. military academy and former Army fort. ... West Point painting West Point is a federal military base (and a census-designated place) located in the Town of Highlands in Orange County, New York. ... ... State nickname: Empire State Other U.S. States Capital Albany Largest city New York City Governor George Pataki (R) Official languages None (English is de facto) Area 141,205 km² (27th)  - Land 122,409 km²  - Water 18,795 km² (13. ... Shield of the United States Air National Guard In the U.S. military, the Air National Guard (ANG), as part of the National Guard, is the organized militia of a particular U.S. state and is a reserve component of the U.S. Air Force (USAF), too. ... United States Marine Corps Emblem The United States Marine Corps (USMC) is a branch of the U.S. military. ...

It has made history in several ways. After its closure as an active Air Force base in the early 1970s, an ambitious plan by former Governor Nelson Rockefeller to greatly expand and develop the airport led to a bitter and protracted struggle with local landowners that led to reforms in the state's eminent domain laws but no actual development of the land acquired. In 1981 the 52 American hostages held in Iran made their return to American soil at Stewart. At the end of the 20th century it became the first U.S. commercial airport to be privatized, and is currently operated by United Kingdom-based National Express Group. Seal of the Air Force. ... This article provides extensive lists of events and significant personalities of the 1970s. ... A governor is also a device that regulates the speed of a machine. ... Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller (July 8, 1908 – January 26, 1979) was a Governor of New York and the 41st Vice President of the United States of America from December 19, 1974 to January 20, 1977. ... Eminent domain (US), compulsory purchase, (England and Wales) or compulsory acquisition (Australia) in common law legal systems is the power of the state to appropriate private property for its own use without the owners consent. ... 1981 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Iran hostage crisis was a 444-day period during which the new government of Iran after the Iranian Revolution held hostage 66 diplomats and citizens of the United States. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... Privatization (sometimes privatisation, denationalization, or, especially in India, disinvestment) is the process of transferring property, from public ownership to private ownership and/or transferring the management of a service or activity from the government to the private sector. ... National Express Group plc is a UK based transport group, operating airport, bus and rail services in the UK, the US, Canada and Australia. ...

History

Beginnings

Stewart was originally intended for use as a civilian airport, when Samuel "Archie" Stewart, an early aviation enthusiast and son of prominent local dairy farmer Lachlan Stewart, donated "Stoney Lonesome," split between the towns of Newburgh and New Windsor, to the nearby city of Newburgh in 1930 for use as an airport. However, with the city strapped for cash due to the Depression, it was unable to develop it in any way. Dairy farm near Oxford, New York, July 2001 In many northern-hemisphere countries a dairy is a facility for the extraction and processing of animal milk (mostly from cows, sometimes from buffaloes, sheep or goats) for human consumption. ... Farmer spreading grasshopper bait in his alfalfa field. ... In New York State a town is a political subdivision of a county, similar to what are called townships in some other states. ... Newburgh is a town located in Orange County, New York. ... New Windsor is a town located in Orange County, New York. ... 1930 is a common year starting on Wednesday. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

Not long afterwards, Douglas MacArthur, then superintendent of the United States Military Academy at nearby West Point, realized that air combat would be of increasing military importance and that it would be prudent of the Academy to offer cadets the opportunity to learn to fly. He learned of Stewart's gift, and eventually the city sold the land to the military academy for the price of one dollar. A small dirt airstrip was cleared and graded, and the Long Gray Line extended into the air. The northernmost gate at USMA has been known as Stoney Lonesome Gate ever since. General Douglas MacArthur aboard a battle ship toward the end of World War II, 1945 Douglas MacArthur (26 January 1880-5 April 1964) was an American military leader. ... The Chapel at West Point The United States Military Academy, also known simply as West Point and USMA, is a U.S. military academy and former Army fort. ... West Point painting West Point is a federal military base (and a census-designated place) located in the Town of Highlands in Orange County, New York. ... Officer Cadet is a rank held by military cadets during their training to become commissioned officers. ... The dollar (represented by the dollar sign: $) is the name of the official currency in several countries, dependencies and other regions. ...

With war looking increasingly likely, the War Department began to invest more heavily into developing not only the airbase but the surrounding property. When the attack on Pearl Harbor finally brought the U.S. into World War II, many barracks and other buildings were built in a hurry and the base expanded almost overnight for training purposes. Many still stand today. War Department may refer to the military establishments of several different countries: British War Department Confederate War Department United States Department of War, under the leadership of the United States Secretary of War (until 1947) See also: defense minister This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other... The Imperial Japanese Navy made its attack on Pearl Harbor on the morning of December 7, 1941. ... World War II was a truly global conflict with many facets: immense human suffering, fierce indoctrinations, and the use of new, extremely devastating weapons like the atom bomb World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a mid-20th-century conflict that engulfed much of the globe...

FAA Stewart Aiport diagram

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (403x618, 70 KB) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (403x618, 70 KB) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...

Air Force base

From 1942 until 1970, the airport was a United States Army Air Corps base called Stewart Airfield (hence the "F" in the airport's codes), then Stewart Air Force Base when the United States Air Force became an independent service. For many of those years, the airfield continued to be used for cadet flight instruction. This article is about the year. ... 1970 was a common year starting on Thursday. ... 1. ... Seal of the Air Force. ...

In 1970, the active Air Force part of the base was closed as part of the post-Vietnam defense drawdown. It would remain unoccupied until 1983, when what became the 105th Airlift Wing of the New York Air National Guard began moving in. The airbase has seen much activity since, as the 105th has flown support missions for not only U.S. military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan but also humanitarian relief efforts. 1983 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Shield of the United States Air National Guard In the U.S. military, the Air National Guard (ANG), as part of the National Guard, is the organized militia of a particular U.S. state and is a reserve component of the U.S. Air Force (USAF), too. ...

This area of the airport, now called Stewart Air National Guard Base, is one of the bases for the Air Force's C-5 Galaxy. In fact, the Air National Guard operates their only C-5 maintenance base at Stewart. The Lockheed C-5 Galaxy is one of the largest aircraft in the world. ...

Early 1970s expansion plan and controversy

With control of much of the airbase having passed to the newly-created Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) in the wake of the drawdown, the administration of Governor Nelson Rockefeller looked to move quickly to make use of the idle capacity. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) is a public benefit corporation of the State of New York chartered by the New York State Legislature in 1965. ... A governor is also a device that regulates the speed of a machine. ... Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller (July 8, 1908 – January 26, 1979) was a Governor of New York and the 41st Vice President of the United States of America from December 19, 1974 to January 20, 1977. ...

Making Stewart into a passenger airport to serve the needs of what was seen at the time as a rapidly growing Hudson Valley region had always been in the offing, since the nearby and larger city of Poughkeepsie, where IBM has a substantial presence, did not have (and still doesn't) an airport remotely capable of handling commercial passenger service. But Rockefeller, predisposed as he was to grandiose, monumental projects all around the state, thought big: Stewart would not only become the region's airport, it would be equipped to handle the supersonic transports expected to be taking over air travel within a few years and become the New York metropolitan area's fourth major airport, handling overflow from the other three. The Hudson Valley refers to the canyon of the Hudson River and its adjacent communities in New York State, generally from northern Westchester County northward to the city of Albany. ... Poughkeepsies Mid-Hudson Bridge Poughkeepsie is a city in New York and serves as the county seat of Dutchess County. ... International Business Machines Corporation (IBM, or colloquially, Big Blue) NYSE: IBM (incorporated June 15, 1911, in operation since 1888) is headquartered in Armonk, NY, USA. The company manufactures and sells computer hardware, software, and services. ... A supersonic transport (SST) is a civil aircraft designed to transport passengers at speeds greater than the speed of sound. ... This article refers to the tool of travel. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

To do this it was necessary to triple the size of the airport, well beyond its previous western boundary at Drury Lane, a two-lane rural road, and thus the state government moved to use its eminent domain powers to take the 7,500 acres (30 km²) it saw as necessary for not only terminals and runways but an appropriate buffer zone, ultimately bringing part of the towns of Montgomery and a small portion of Hamptonburgh into the airport envelope. The land thus acquired was bounded by I-84 to the north, Route 207 along the south and roughly by Rock Tavern and Maybrook in the west. Eminent domain (US), compulsory purchase, (England and Wales) or compulsory acquisition (Australia) in common law legal systems is the power of the state to appropriate private property for its own use without the owners consent. ... Montgomery is a town located in Orange County, New York. ... Hamptonburgh is a town located in Orange County, New York. ... MAJOR JUNCTIONS JUNCTION MILEPOST I-81 PA 0 I-380 PA 4 I-86 NY 19 (4) I-87 NY 36 (7) I-684 NY 68 (20) I-691 CT 41 (27) I-91 CT 62 (51&52) I-384 CT 66 (59) I-291 CT 68 (61) I-90... Maybrook is a village located in Orange County, New York. ...

It would be a Pyrrhic victory, however. The early 1970s were a time when not only were public finances beginning to tighten, the public as a whole was embracing environmental concerns and growing more skeptical of large projects such as the expanded airport. Emboldened by the contemporaraneous success of environmental activists in preventing the construction of a massive power project at nearby Storm King Mountain, many of the landowners (some of whose families had lived there for generations) put up an unexpected fight, taking the state to court and ultimately forcing the legislature to write and pass the New York State Eminent Domain Procedure Act, a sweeping overhaul of its existing law on the subject. A Pyrrhic victory (pronounced pirric) is a victory which is won at too great a cost for the victor. ... This article provides extensive lists of events and significant personalities of the 1970s. ... Environmentalism is the support or involvement with the environmental movement by environmentalists. ... Storm King Mountain is along the west bank of the Hudson River south of Cornwall-on-Hudson, New York. ... Chamber of the Estates-General, the Dutch legislature. ...

In order to get the last holdouts off their land, state officials pledged that outside the proposed airport facilities, none of the land taken would ever be redeveloped, a promise that was to haunt them years later.

By the time the land was finally available, the 1973 oil crisis and the attendant increase in the price of jet fuel had forced airlines to cut back, and some of the airport's original backers began arguing it was no longer economically viable. US SST development was canceled in 1971, undercutting another argument for the project (however, the airport still has the nearly 12,000-foot runway built to handle them). At the height of the crisis in the United States, drivers of vehicles with odd numbered license plates were allowed to purchase gasoline only on odd-numbered days of the month, while drivers with even-numbers were limited to even-numbered days. ... Jet fuel is the fuel designed for jet engines. ... 1971 is a common year starting on Friday (click for link to calendar). ...

Malcolm Wilson, Rockefeller's successor, put the project on hold; and his successor, Hugh Carey, killed it for good in 1976. Charles Malcolm Wilson (February 26, 1914 - March 13, 2000) was the Governor of New York between 1973 and 1975. ... Hugh Leo Carey (born April 11, 1919) was the Governor of New York between 1975 and 1983. ... 1976 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Passenger terminal at Stewart International Airport; Newburgh, NY

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (872x415, 71 KB)Photo taken by Daniel Case 2005-06-13 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (872x415, 71 KB)Photo taken by Daniel Case 2005-06-13 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...

Passenger service and the 1980s

The 1980s began on a more promising note for Stewart. In early 1981, the 52 U.S. hostages held at the former U.S. embassy in Teheran, Iran, returned to American soil there following two weeks at U.S. bases in Germany and 444 days of captivity, ending the Iran hostage crisis. The route they took from there to West Point is marked today as "Freedom Road." // Events and trends The 1980s marked an abrupt shift towards more conservative lifestyles after the momentous cultural revolutions which took place in the 1960s and 1970s and the definition of the AIDS virus in 1981. ... 1981 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A diplomatic mission is a group of people from one nation state present in another nation state to represent the sending state in the receiving State. ... Tehran (also spelled Teheran) (تهران in Persian), population 8,000,000 (metropolitan: 10,000,000), is the capital of Iran and one of the major world cities. ... The Iran hostage crisis was a 444-day period during which the new government of Iran after the Iranian Revolution held hostage 66 diplomats and citizens of the United States. ...

The next year the state transferred control from MTA to its own Department of Transportation (DOT), with a mandate to improve and develop the airport. In 1985 W.R. Grace became the first private tenant when it built a corporate jet hangar, and the following year an industrial park was built nearby. 1985 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... An industrial park is an area of land set aside for industrial development. ...

Finally, in 1990, commercial airline service began with American Airlines offering service with three daily round trips to both Chicago and Raleigh-Durham. 1990 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... AA 777-200ER landing at London Heathrow Airport American Airlines aircraft at Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport American Airlines and American Eagle aircraft at San Juan Note: For the arenas named after this company, see American Airlines Center (Dallas, Texas), or American Airlines Arena (Miami, Florida). ... Chicago, colloquially known as the Second City and the Windy City, is the third-largest city in population in the United States and the largest inland city in the country. ... Raleigh-Durham International Airport (IATA: RDU, ICAO: KRDU) is an airport located near Morrisville, North Carolina, between Raleigh and Durham. ...

Development issues

As the '80s wore on, the scars of earlier battles over Stewart returned to start new ones.

The state Department of Transportation and the Stewart Airport Commission found themselves overseeing not only the airport but the acres of now-vacant land the state had acquired a decade before. After turning over management of most of the property to the state's Department of Environmental Conservation, which was better equipped than they for the task, they still faced the problem of what to do with the land.

The region's needs had changed. With IBM and other large industrial concerns cutting workers and closing plants, and people leaving, a large swath of buildable land with few environmental problems was seen by many in the local business community as a goose's golden egg. It couldn't be a sprawling airport, but it could be something else, they thought. International Business Machines Corporation (IBM, or colloquially, Big Blue) NYSE: IBM (incorporated June 15, 1911, in operation since 1888) is headquartered in Armonk, NY, USA. The company manufactures and sells computer hardware, software, and services. ...

But those people who remained or moved up from more crowded areas to the south had begun to enjoy the outdoor recreation possibilities the lands, referred to variously as the Stewart Properties or the buffer, offered. Riders, dirt bikers, ATVers, and hikers had all begun to explore and create trails, and DEC's management opened up the area as a popular spot for local hunters and anglers. The agency had also released captured beavers on the properties, who built dams and created new wetlands. Equestrian has several meanings: An equestrian is a horseback rider: see equestrianism An equestrian (Roman) is a member of one of the upper classes in ancient Rome. ... A biker is someone who rides a motorcycle (motorbike). ... A group of “quad bike” all terrain vehicles The term all-terrain vehicle is used to describe a number of small open motorised buggies and tricycles designed for off-road use. ... Many beautiful natural scenes are only accessible if one is willing to hike to get to them. ... Hunting is, in its most general sense, the pursuit of a target. ... Categories: Stub ... Species C. canadensis C. fiber Beavers are semi-aquatic rodents native to North America and Europe. ... Scrivener Dam, Canberra Australia, was engineered to withstand a once-in-5000-years flood event A dam is a barrier across flowing water that obstructs, directs or retards the flow, often creating a reservoir, lake or impoundment. ... A subtropical wetland in Florida, USA, with an endangered American Crocodile. ...

Stewart and properties condemned in early 1970s, with planned Drury Lane interchange on I-84. Lands retained by NYSDOT after privatization overlaid in gray

One local hunter, Ben Kissam, formed the Stewart Park and Reserve Coalition (SPARC) in 1987 in response to efforts to develop the lands. They and other environmentalists and conservationists argued that the whole area would be better off left as a park of some kind, pointing to the growing diversity of species on the lands and the state's original promise not to redevelop the area. They were joined, too, by some area residents who said that the existing air traffic, particularly the military C-5s, were noisy enough as it was. Image File history File links Map created by Bo Ericksen for the Stewart Park and Reserve Coalition. ... Image File history File links Map created by Bo Ericksen for the Stewart Park and Reserve Coalition. ... 1987 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Environmentalist is a term used to describe an advocate of environmentalism. ... Conservationists are those people who tend to more highly rank the wise use of the Earths resources and ecosystems. ... The Lockheed C-5 Galaxy is one of the largest aircraft in the world. ...

Also generating a lot of noise was the continuing debate in Orange County about what to do with the land, with participants' choice of words ("buffer" vs. "properties") suggesting where they stood, and interpretations differing about just how much of the land was really meant to serve as a buffer. Location in the state of New York Formed 1683 Seat Goshen Area  - Total  - Water 2,172 km² (839 mi²) 58 km² (22 mi²) 2. ...

The administration of Mario Cuomo tried several times to come up with a plan that would balance these interests, but failed. Cuomo making a speech in mid 2004, (C-Span). ...

One of its last acts was to set in motion a renovation of the passenger terminal using a federal grant.

Pataki and privatization

When the nationwide Republican landslide of 1994 made George Pataki the Empire State's first elected Republican governor in two decades, he took as his electoral mandate decreasing the size of New York state government and reducing the burden on the taxpayers. 1994 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International year of the Family. ... George E. Pataki George Elmer Pataki (born June 24, 1945) is the current governor of the U.S. state of New York (since 1995). ...

One way of doing that was the privatization of many state-owned assets. Ronald Lauder, an heir to the cosmetics fortune, financial supporter of Pataki's campaign and sometime candidate for statewide office himself, had become interested in the privatization efforts of European governments in the previous decade while he was U.S. ambassador to Austria. He wrote a book about what New York could do in that area, identifying among others Stewart as an underperforming asset whose value could be better realized if it were privately owned. Pataki created the New York State Council on Privatization, and appointed Lauder its chair. Privatization (sometimes privatisation, denationalization, or, especially in India, disinvestment) is the process of transferring property, from public ownership to private ownership and/or transferring the management of a service or activity from the government to the private sector. ... Closeup of a womans eye while wearing makeup Cosmetics or makeup are substances to enhance the beauty of the human body, apart from simple cleaning. ... An ambassador, rarely embassador, is a diplomatic official accredited to a foreign sovereign or government, or to an international organization, to serve as the official representative of his or her own. ...

However, U.S. federal law at the time required that all airports providing passenger service had to be owned by some public entity, a lesson learned from the railroad era. With much support from the New York delegation, Congress eventually passed legislation allowing five airports to be privatized as a pilot program, providing certain conditions, such as approval by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and by the carriers representing at least two-thirds of the airport's flights. This is the top-level page of WikiProject trains Rail tracks Rail transport refers to the land transport of passengers and goods along railways or railroads. ... A congress is a gathering of people, especially a gathering for a political purpose. ... The Federal Aviation Administration is the entity of the United States government which regulates and oversees all aspects of civil aviation in the U.S. // Activities Along with the European Joint Aviation Authorities, the FAA is one of the two main agencies worldwide responsible for the certification of new aircraft. ...

In 1996 the state formally began, through the Empire State Development Corporation (ESDC), the process of soliciting bids for a 99-year lease on the airport and, potentially, the adjacent undeveloped lands as well, whatever bidders wanted. Efforts by SPARC, now headed by Kissam's widow Sandra, and other citizen activists to find out about who might be bidding and what they planned to do with Stewart were blocked by the state's invocation of a clause in its State Finance Law prohibiting disclosure of competitive bids prior to the award of the contract, an interpretation which survived a court challenge. 1996 is a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... This article or section should include material from Tenancy agreement A lease is a contract conveying from one person (the lessor) to another person (the lessee) the right to use and control some article of property for a specified period of time (the term), without conveying ownership, in exchange for...

Two years later, after approval by the state’s attorney general and comptroller as well as the FAA and the carriers, the contract was awarded to National Express Group PLC of Britain, the only one of five bidders to have declined to present at a special forum organized a week prior to award, and also a company Lauder had praised in his book for its success with the UK's national bus service and subsequent acquisition of East Midlands Airport, leading to some suspicions that the state had always intended to give them the airport from the beginning. NEG was prepared to pay $35 million for the lease, and after working out the details Pataki handed over a ceremonial key at the passenger terminal in late 2000. In most common law jurisdictions, the Attorney General is the main legal adviser to the government, and in some jurisdictions may in addition have executive responsibility for law enforcement or responsibility for public prosecutions. ... A comptroller may refer to a royal-household official who examines and supervises expenditures, or a public official who audits government accounts and sometimes certifies expenditures. ... National Express Group plc is a UK based transport group, operating airport, bus and rail services in the UK, the US, Canada and Australia. ... The initials plc after a UK or Irish company name indicate that it is a public limited company, a type of limited company whose shares may be offered for sale to the public. ... Nottingham East Midlands Airport (IATA airport code: EMA, ICAO airport code: EGNX) is an airport in the East Midlands of England, near Castle Donington. ... This article is about the year 2000. ...

The award also ended, for the most part, the controversy over whether to develop the properties or not. NEG was uninterested in the lands west of Drury Lane, and Pataki announced with the privatization deal that he was directing that ownership as well as management of 5,600 acres (22.4 km²) of the lands west of an envelope DOT retained around Drury for possible future development or disposal be transferred directly to DEC, which has since made that portion Stewart State Forest.

The Drury Lane exit

Simultaneously with the privatization, the state proceeded with long-held plans to build a new interchange on Interstate 84 at Drury Lane, which would also be widened, with a possible four-lane access road to better solve the airport's longstanding access problems (see below). Conveniently, the initial price tag, $35 million, was exactly the amount bid by National Express. MAJOR JUNCTIONS JUNCTION MILEPOST I-81 PA 0 I-380 PA 4 I-86 NY 19 (4) I-87 NY 36 (7) I-684 NY 68 (20) I-691 CT 41 (27) I-91 CT 62 (51&52) I-384 CT 66 (59) I-291 CT 68 (61) I-90...

This spurred immediate opposition from SPARC and other environmentalists, as it could only be justified by a desire to promote development along the stretch of Drury DOT had saved for itself. Residents of New Windsor were also outraged, as the planned access road would have gone right over a portion of Crestview Lake, a popular local park.

Another complication emerged due to the proximity of the Catskill Aqueduct of New York City's water supply system to the exit; a proposed widening of Drury between the interstate and Route 17K would have required that a bridge be built over the aqueduct to protect it from the vibrations associated with heavy trucks, adding to the cost of the whole project. An alternative emerged during a value-engineering study of simply rerouting Drury to create another four-way intersection further down 17K; that, however, crosses some wetlands and would require demolishing some nearby homes and business, raising unpleasant memories of the original acquisition of the undeveloped properties. Value Engineering is a systematic method to improve the Value of goods and services by using an examination of FUNCTION. Value, as defined, is the ratio of Function to Cost. ... A massive crane is used to demolish this tower block in northern England Demolition is the opposite of construction: the tearing-down of buildings and other structures. ...

Whether the properties along Drury could even be developed in any measure remains to be seen, as a good portion of that parcel is either wetlands or a 45-acre trapezoid-shaped Runway Protection Zone in which the FAA mandates that nothing be built, and the remainder is land considered by conservationists to be the best land in the properties. A subtropical wetland in Florida, USA, with an endangered American Crocodile. ... A trapezoid (American English) or trapezium (British English) is a quadrilateral two of whose sides are parallel to each other. ...

SPARC, the Orange County Federation of Sportsmen's Clubs and the national Sierra Club filed a lawsuit in federal court alleging that required environmental reviews were not done or done improperly; that action has tied up the exit for now as the price tag continues to increase. The Sierra Club is an American environmental organization founded on May 28, 1892 in San Francisco, California by the well-known conservationist John Muir, who became its first president. ... The National Environmental Policy Act (or, NEPA) was signed into law on January 1, 1970 by US President Richard Nixon. ...

In March 2005, an area slated for wetlands mitigation under the plans was found to harbor purple milkweed, a Species of Special Concern on the National Heritage Program's rare plant list. SPARC and its co-plaintiffs sought an injunction against further action such as the consideration of bids; yet that went ahead anyway. March is the third month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... 2005(MMV) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... An injunction is an equitable remedy in the form of a court order that either prohibits or compels (enjoins or restrains) a party from continuing a particular activity. ...

Stewart today

Privatization has so far not turned out to be the economic stimulus its proponents thought it would be. Stewart today remains an underutilized resource, with a limited selection of flights available and relatively uncrowded most of the day. Some tenants have moved into nearby former military buildings, but most remain as unoccupied as they were the day the base was closed down. While it has drawn some passengers from western Connecticut who might otherwise have flown out of Hartford, most of the flyers within Stewart's catchment area have continued to prefer Albany International Airport, Newark or other of the metropolitan area's airports despite higher fares. State nickname: The Constitution State Other U.S. States Capital Hartford Largest city Bridgeport Governor M. Jodi Rell (R) Senators Chris Dodd (D) Joe Lieberman (D) Official languages English Area 14,371 km² (48th)  - Land 12,559 km²  - Water 1,809 km² (12. ... Bradley International Airport (IATA: BDL, ICAO: KBDL) is located just north of Hartford, Connecticut in Windsor Locks, Connecticut and is near Springfield, Massachusetts, United States. ... Albany International Airport (IATA:ALB, ICAO:KALB) is a regional facility in Albany, New York, in upstate New York. ... Newark Liberty International Airport (formerly Newark International Airport) (IATA: EWR, ICAO: KEWR) is an international airport within the city limits of both Newark and Elizabeth, New Jersey, United States. ...

The airlines have never been enthusiastic about privatization, either (Stewart has so far been the only real airport privatization to take place), and it did not escape notice that around the time the NEG contract was announced, Delta pulled out of the airport, ostensibly to better serve new routes it had won to Latin America, leaving it to codeshare partners Comair and ASA. The soft economy of the early 2000s and the new rules imposed on air travelers in the wake of 9/11 have not been helpful, either. Delta Boeing 757-232 at LAX in August 2003. ... Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ... Code sharing is a business term which first originated in the airline industry. ... Saddam Hussein shortly after his capture Major controversy over U. S. presidential election (November 7-December 13, 2000) September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on New Yorks World Trade Center and Virginias Pentagon killing almost 3000 people. ... The World Trade Center on fire The September 11, 2001 attacks were a series of coordinated terrorist attacks against the United States on September 11, 2001. ...

With the grounding of the Concorde in 2003, another one of Stewart's peculiar attractions ended, as pilots used to take it up to Stewart and its lengthy runway to practice touch-and-goes, and this frequently attracted sightseers who couldn't get opportunities to see the plane up close otherwise. The Aérospatiale-BAC Concorde supersonic transport (SST) was one of only two models of supersonic passenger airliners to have seen commercial service. ... 2003(MMIII) is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Touch-and-Go is a term used in many ways: TaG engines are kart engines which have an electric starter motor and so dont have to be pushed like many other varieties. ...

NEG's dealings with the state have not been as harmonious as they were initially represented; documents made public by SPARC after the privatization was completed showed that there were many lingering issues between the two parties even at that time and that NEG had in fact considered breaking the deal at one point. The company has gone through some local management shuffles as well, and the parent corporation's sale of East Midlands, considered the example it would follow with Stewart, was a cause for concern in the region.

So, for now, the airport's customer base is primarily area residents who don't mind an extra transfer to their destination as a tradeoff for a conveniently located airport with few parking hassles.

However, while Stewart is not doing well as a passenger airport, other, less visible services do well. NEG has had some success selling private helicopter shuttle service to midtown Manhattan's heliports to business travelers from Stewart at rates competitive with those offered from JFK Airport; it also remains a popular place to service corporate jets due to the large space available. Indeed, servicing of any large aircraft seems to find a home at Stewart; Russian Antonov An-124 jets have been seen there on occasion. The worlds most popular helicopter, the Bell 206 of Canadian Helicopters Robinson Helicopter Company (USA) R44, a four seat development of the R22 A helicopter is an aircraft which is lifted and propelled by one or more large horizontal rotors (propellers). ... An overview of the airport. ... Russian An-124 in Volga-Dnepr service. ...

Cargo services are also part of the mix — Federal Express maintains a large distribution presence just outside the airport, as does the U.S. Postal Service, whose main general-mail facility for the mid-Hudson region is not far away, either. Importers of plant and animal products also route their flights to Stewart and the USDA inspection facility for those off Drury Lane. Cargo is a term used to denotes goods or produce being transported generally for commercial gain, usually on a ship, plane, train or lorry. ... The Federal Express was a passenger train operated on the Poughkeepsie Bridge Route. ... A USPS truck in San Francisco A smaller truck used in suburban areas This article describes the United States Postal Service. ... The U.S. Department of Agriculture, also called the Agriculture Department, or USDA, is a Cabinet department of the United States Federal Government. ...

In 2005, the airport was used to transport emergency personnel and supplies to help the cleanup after the destruction of Hurricane Katrina, which devastated the Gulf Coast. 2005(MMV) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the 2005 hurricane. ... The Gulf of Mexico is a major body of water bordered and nearly landlocked by North America. ...

Flights attempting to land at Kennedy Airport during poor weather often elect to land at Stewart if their fuel situation becomes critical.

Access

One of the biggest impediments to the use of Stewart by more airlines and passengers has been the difficulty of actually getting to it (see diagram). Despite the proximity of Stewart to the junction of I-84 and the New York State Thruway, direct access is available from neither highway (not in the least because those two do not yet offer direct access to each other, though a reconstruction of the interchange is underway). While the Air Guard base's entrance in the town of Newburgh is relatively easy to reach one mile east of the interstate on Route 17K, to get to the airport on the New Windsor side a driver must travel south on Route 300 to Route 207, turn right and go another mile down a two-lane road to the entrance road, whereupon the terminal and parking lot are yet another mile away. The New York State Thruway (officially the Thomas E. Dewey Thruway) is a limited-access toll highway in the U.S. state of New York. ...

The only other option besides the Drury Lane exit would be a connector from the Thruway at Route 207, which would have to cross a closed New Windsor town landfill, a hazardous waste site that would be prohibitively expensive to build over. Landfill is a waste disposal site for the deposit of the waste onto or into land (i. ... Hazardous waste is waste that poses substantial or potential threats to public health or the environment and generally exhibits one or more of these characteristics: ignitability corrosivity reactivity (explosive) toxicity Generally, toxicity is quantified through the use of the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure or TCLP test, as required by EPA...

There have been plans over the years to possibly implement a light rail connection along Broadway in the city of Newburgh that could conceivably go out to Stewart and make a ferry connection with the Metro North passenger line across the Hudson River in Beacon; however that does not appear likely to happen anytime soon. This article is about light rail systems in general. ... The Pride of Burgundy, a P&O Ferries car ferry on the Dover-Calais route A ferry is a boat or a ship carrying passengers, and sometimes their vehicles, on scheduled services. ... Metro-North (officially MTA Metro-North Railroad) is a suburban commuter railroad running service from New York City to the northern suburbs in New York State and Connecticut. ... View of the Hudson in the 1880s showing Jersey City The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk in Mahican, is a river running mainly through New York State but partly forming the boundary between the states of New York and New Jersey. ... Beacon is a city located in Dutchess County, New York. ...

Accidents

In the early morning hours of September 5, 1996, the pilots of a Federal Express DC-10 on its way from Memphis to Boston reported smoke in the cargo compartment and made an emergency landing at Stewart to fight the fire. All five crewmembers escaped with only minor injuries but, despite a prompt effort by the firefighting teams from the ANG base (which also handle the civilian airport's fire protection needs) the aircraft was completely destroyed (its shell, covered, still sits on the tarmac). Two years later, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) report (.PDF) traced the source of the fire to an area where some flammable chemicals had been stored but could not pin down exactly which had combusted, and faulted the captain for failing to get full information on potentially hazardous materials being shipped. September 5 is the 248th day of the year (249th in leap years). ... 1996 is a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... The Federal Express was a passenger train operated on the Poughkeepsie Bridge Route. ... Biman Bangladesh Airlines McDonnell Douglas DC-10 The McDonnell Douglas DC-10 is a three-engined long-range airliner, with two engines mounted on underwing pylons and a third engine at the base of the vertical stabilizer. ... Memphis is a city in Shelby County, Tennessee, of which it is the county seat. ... City nickname: Beantown, The Hub (of the Universe), Athens of America Location Location in Massachusetts Government Counties Suffolk County Mayor Thomas Menino (Dem) Physical characteristics Area      Land      Water 89. ... Tarmac, short for tar-penetration macadam, is a type of highway pavement no longer commonly used. ... The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) is a U.S. government independent organization responsible for investigation of accidents involving aviation, highway, marine, pipelines and railroads in the United States. ...

On December 29, 1997, an American Airlines jet coming in from Chicago in heavy precipitation skidded off the end of the icy runway at the end of its landing. No one was injured and crews were able to get the plane back on the runway by the next morning. December 29 is the 363rd day of the year (364th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 2 days remaining. ... 1997 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... AA 777-200ER landing at London Heathrow Airport American Airlines aircraft at Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport American Airlines and American Eagle aircraft at San Juan Note: For the arenas named after this company, see American Airlines Center (Dallas, Texas), or American Airlines Arena (Miami, Florida). ... Chicago (officially named the City of Chicago) is the third largest city in the United States (after New York City and Los Angeles), with an official population of 2,896,016, as of the 2000 census. ...

Alleged UFO sightings

Airbases in the U.S. have always been of interest to UFO enthusiasts, but Stewart has in the past attracted an awful lot for its relatively small size. They claim (one such page, with photos) the military tests supposedly unattainable technology such as cloaking devices and aircraft reverse engineered from alien spacecraft at Stewart (again perhaps because of the long runway and light traffic). Civilian and military officials deny anything of the sort takes place. UFO can mean: Unidentified flying object United Future Organization, a Japanese-Brazilian electronic jazz band UFO, the rock band that previously featured Michael Schenker UFO, the Gerry Anderson TV series United Farmers of Ontario, a political party that formed the government in Ontario from 1919 to 1923 U.F.O... In several science fiction universes, a cloaking device is an advanced stealth system which causes a spaceship or individual to be invisible and extremely difficult to detect with normal sensors. ... Reverse engineering (RE) is the process of taking something (a device, an electrical component, a software program, etc. ...

The allegations reached a new level of intensity in the late 1980s and early '90s as some claimed that in a so-called "Black Triangle," northwest of Stewart, defined by Walden, Wallkill and Pine Bush, was a hotspot for sightings of anomalous visual phenomena and strange, triangular-shaped craft, particularly along one leg of the triangle, Route 52 between Walden and Pine Bush. Some even claimed they had been abducted by actual aliens, and that aliens even lived secretly in underground homes in the area. // Events and trends The 1980s marked an abrupt shift towards more conservative lifestyles after the momentous cultural revolutions which took place in the 1960s and 1970s and the definition of the AIDS virus in 1981. ... // Events and trends The 1990s are generally classified as having moved slightly away from the more conservative 1980s, but otherwise retaining the same mindset. ... Walden is a village located in the Town of Montgomery in Orange County, New York. ... Wallkill is the name of some places in the U.S. state of New York: Wallkill, Orange County, New York Wallkill, Ulster County, New York This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Pine Bush, New York Pine Bush is a hamlet (and census-designated place) located in the Town of Crawford, in Orange County, New York. ... Black Triangles are a kind of Unidentified Flying Object (UFO) that have been observed in the skies as early as the 1970s and possibly earlier, to present day. ...

While interest in this has ebbed in the early 21st century, it has never dissipated entirely. In calendars based on the Christian Era or Common Era, such as the Gregorian calendar, the 21st century is the current century, as of this writing. ...

Role in 9/11 conspiracy theories

A small group of 9/11 conspiracy theorists who believe that day's skyjackings were staged point to what they believe is too much of a coincidence, that both of the jets that ultimately crashed into the Twin Towers deviated from their assigned flight paths in ways that took them close to, or over, Stewart, allegedly so that unmanned drone planes could be launched and the transponder codes switched without air traffic control noticing (this, they say, explains the separate, widely scattered debris fields in western Pennsylvania, where supposedly only one plane crashed). According to the final report of the 9-11 Commission, on 11 September 2001, nineteen al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked four planes in the Eastern United States. ... See also Airport security D. B. Cooper Categories: Pages needing attention | Law stubs | Terrorism ... The twin towers, photographed from the west The World Trade Center in New York City was a complex of seven buildings designed by American architect Minoru Yamasaki and leased by Larry Silverstein from the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey around a central plaza, near the south end... Transponder codes are four digit numbers broadcast by the transponder in an aircraft to assist air traffic controllers in traffic separation. ... Air Traffic Control Towers (ATCTs) at Schiphol Airport Air Traffic Control (ATC) is a service provided by ground based Controllers who direct aircraft on the ground and in the air to ensure safe, orderly and efficient traffic flow. ...

Airlines

• Allegiant Air (Orlando) [Starts October 27, 2005]
• American Airlines Gate 4
  • American Eagle (Chicago/O'Hare)
• Independence Air Gate 7 (Washington/Dulles) [Ends October 30, 2005]
• Northwest Airlines Gate 3
  • Pinnacle Airlines dba Northwest Airlink (Detroit)
• Pan Am Clipper Connection (Orlando, Portsmouth, and St. Petersburg) [Starts November 17, 2005]
• US Airways Gate 8
  • Piedmont Airlines dba US Airways Express (Philadelphia)

Allegiant Air (IATA: G4, ICAO: AAY, and Callsign: Allegiant) is an airline headquartered in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. It operates scheduled services and charter flights. ... AA 777-200ER landing at London Heathrow Airport American Airlines aircraft at Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport American Airlines and American Eagle aircraft at San Juan Note: For the arenas named after this company, see American Airlines Center (Dallas, Texas), or American Airlines Arena (Miami, Florida). ... American Eagle Airlines (IATA: MQ, ICAO: EGF, and Callsign: Eagle Flight) is an airline based in Fort Worth, Texas, USA. It is a regional airline affiliate of American Airlines, operating over 1,700 flights a day, serving 135 cities across the USA, Canada and the Caribbean. ... Independence Air is a low-cost air carrier founded in 2003. ... Northwest Airlines (IATA: NW, ICAO: NWA, and Callsign: Northwest) (NASDAQ: NWAC) is an airline headquartered in Eagan, Minnesota, with three major hubs in the United States: Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport, Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport, and Memphis International Airport. ... Pinnacle Airlines operates under the name Northwest Airlink for Northwest Airlines. ... Northwest Airlink is the name of Northwest Airlines commuter airline subsidiaries, flying turboprops and regional jets from Northwests domestic hubs in Minneapolis, Detroit, and Memphis. ... Pan American World Airways (Pan Am) was the United States principal international airline from the 1930s until its collapse in 1991, and was credited with many innovations that shaped the international airline industry. ... A US Airways 737 at Chicago OHare US Airways (IATA: US, ICAO: USA, and Callsign: US Air) is an airline based in Arlington County, Virginia that is owned by US Airways Group, Inc. ... Piedmont Airlines is a regional airline operating under the name US Airways Express for US Airways. ... US Airways Express is a brand name used by several airlines which provide feederliner service for US Airways from smaller markets in the United States, Canada, and the Bahamas to its major stations at Charlotte Douglas International Airport, Philadelphia International Airport, Pittsburgh International Airport, New York Citys LaGuardia Airport...

External links

• Stewart International Homepage
• 105th Air Cargo Wing NY ANG
• Stewart Park and Reserve Coalition