Stigmata are bodily marks, sores, or sensations of pain in locations corresponding to the crucifixion wounds of Jesus. The term originates from the line at the end of Saint Paul's Letter to the Galatians where he says, "I bear on my body the marks of Jesus," with "marks" in the Latin Vulgate rendered as "stigmata." An individual bearing stigmata is referred to as a stigmatic. Look up stigma on Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Stigmata is the plural of stigma, and may refer to any of the following. ... For other uses, see Crucifixion (disambiguation). ... This article is about Jesus of Nazareth. ... Paul of Tarsus (b. ... ... The Vulgate Bible is an early 5th century version in Latin, partly revised and partly translated by Jerome on the orders of Pope Damasus I in 382. ...

The causes of stigmata are the subject of considerable debate. Some contend that they are miraculous, while others argue they are hoaxes or can be explained medically. A miracle, derived from the old Latin word miraculum meaning something wonderful, is a striking interposition of divine intervention by God in the universe by which the ordinary course and operation of Nature is overruled, suspended, or modified. ... A hoax is an attempt to trick an audience into believing that something false is real. ...

Stigmata are primarily associated with the Roman Catholic faith. Many reported stigmatics are members of Catholic religious orders. The majority of reported stigmatics are female.^[1] The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ...

Description

A depiction of St Francis receiving the Stigmata, by Cigoli. Rays of light are seen emanating from Christ to pierce St Francis's hands.

Reported cases of stigmata take various forms. Many show some or all of the five Holy Wounds that were, according to the Bible, inflicted on Jesus during his crucifixion: wounds in the hands and feet, from nails, and in the side, from a lance. Some stigmatics display wounds to the forehead similar to those caused by the crown of thorns. Other reported forms include tears of blood or sweating blood, wounds to the back as from scourging, or wounds to the shoulder as from bearing the cross. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (708x989, 104 KB) Summary St Francis Receives the Stigmata, by Cigoli Year: 1596 Medium: Oil on wood, 247 x 171 cm Location: Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence Licensing This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (708x989, 104 KB) Summary St Francis Receives the Stigmata, by Cigoli Year: 1596 Medium: Oil on wood, 247 x 171 cm Location: Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence Licensing This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the... Lodovico Cigoli Lodovico Cardi called Cigoli (1559, Villa Castelvecchi di Cigoli - 1613, Rome)) is an Italian painter, architect and poet, born at Cigoli in Tuscany. ... Flag of Georgia, a variant of the Jerusalem cross representing the five Holy Wounds The Five Holy Wounds or Five Sacred Wounds of Christ were the five piercing wounds inflicted upon Jesus during his crucifixion. ... This Gutenberg Bible is displayed by the United States Library. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Holy Lance. ... For other uses, see Crown of Thorns (disambiguation). ... Whipping on a post Flagellation is the act of whipping (Latin flagellum, whip) the human body. ...

Some stigmatics feel the pain of wounds with no external marks; these are referred to as invisible stigmata. In other cases, stigmata are accompanied by extreme pain. Some stigmatics' wounds do not appear to clot, and stay fresh and uninfected. The blood from the wounds is said, in some cases, to have a pleasant, perfumed odor.^{[citation needed]}

Cases of stigmata have been reported at different ages for different stigmatics. Some have manifested stigmata continually after the first appearance; others have shown periodic stigmata that re-occur at certain times of the day or on certain, sometimes holy, days throughout the year.

History

The first well-documented case, and the first to be accepted by Church authorities as authentic, was that of Saint Francis of Assisi (1182–1226), who first experienced stigmata in La Verna, Italy, in 1224 [1]. Saint Francis of Assisi, St. ... Events Canute VI crowned king of Denmark. ... Events Carmelite Order approved by Pope Honorius III Frederick II calls Imperial Diet of Cremona Births June 21 - King Boleslaus V of Poland (died 1279) Abul-Faraj, Syriac scholar (died 1286) Bar-Hebraeus, Syriac historian and bishop (died 1286) Deaths March 7 - William de Longespee, 3rd Earl of Salisbury, English... // Foundation of the University of Naples Livonian Brothers of the Sword conquers Latgallians and the stronghold of Tartu from Ugaunian and Russian troops. ...

In the century after St. Francis's death, more than twenty additional cases of stigmata were reported. Stigmata have continued to be reported since, with over three hundred cases by the end of the 19th century [2]. In the 20th century, the number of cases increased dramatically; over 500 cases have now been recorded. In modern times, increasing numbers of ordinary people – rather than mystics or members of religious orders – began to report stigmata. Cases were also reported among non-Catholic Christians [3].

The first written record of a woman to have received stigmata is in the Mediaeval Codex Iuliacensis, ca. 1320-1350, reporting the stigmata of Blessed Christina von Stommeln (died 1312), whose relics rest in the Propsteikirche in Jülich, near Aachen [4], or Georgetta von Schnitenburgs. It is claimed that one can still see marks from the crown of thorns on Christina of Stommeln's skull, which is publicly displayed annually during the octave beginning 6 November in Jülich. This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Blessed Christina of Stommeln, (also known as Christina Bruso and Christina Bruzo) (July 24, 1242 - November 6, 1312) was a Roman Catholic mystic, ecstatic, and stigmatic. ... Jülich is a medium-size town in the district of Düren, in the federal state of Nordrhein-Westfalen, in Germany. ... Oche redirects here; in darts the oche is the line from which players must throw. ... is the 310th day of the year (311th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Jülich is a medium-size town in the district of Düren, in the federal state of Nordrhein-Westfalen, in Germany. ...

Famous stigmatics

• Saint Catherine of Siena
• Saint John of God
• Saint Marie of the Incarnation
• Saint Pio of Pietrelcina (Padre Pio)
• Brother Roque
• Therese Neumann
• Lilian Bernas
• Saint Francis of Assisi
• Saint Gemma Galgani
• Lucia Brocadelli of Narni
• Faustina Kowalska
• Saint Catherine of Ricci
• Saint Rita of Cascia

Saint Catherine of Siena (March 25, 1347 - April 29, 1380) was a Dominican Tertiary (lay affiliate) of the Dominican Order. ... Saint John of God (Spanish: Juan de Dios; Portuguese: João de Deus) (March 8, 1495 - March 8, 1550) was a Portuguese-born friar and saint, who has become one of Spains leading religious figures. ... Known also as Madame Acarie, foundress of the French Carmel, born in Paris, February 1, 1566; died at Pontoise, April, 1618. ... Francesco Forgione (May 25, 1887 – September 23, 1968), canonized as Saint Pio of Pietrelcina, was an Italian priest. ... The Marist Brothers is a Roman Catholic religious order of brothers and lay people. ... Therese Neumann (1898–1962) was a German Catholic mystic and stigmatic. ... Canadian Lilian Bernas began exhibiting stigmata in 1992. ... Saint Francis of Assisi (born in Assisi, Italy, ca. ... Saint Gemma Galgani (born March 12th, 1878 in Camigliano, Italy, died April 11th, 1903) is a Catholic saint who was canonized by Pope Pius XII on May 2nd, 1940. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... The Divine Mercy image painted by Adolf Hyla. ... St. ... Saint Rita of Cascia Saint Rita (1381 – May 22, 1457) was born at Roccaporena near Cascia in the Diocese of Spoleto (Spoleto), Italy. ...

Skepticism

There have been historical stigmatics that were known to have faked wounds, such as Magdalena de la Cruz (1487–1560), who admitted the fraud. Magdalena de la Cruz (1487-1560) was a Franciscan nun of Cordova, who for many years was honoured as a saint. ... Events Richard Fox becomes Bishop of Exeter. ... Events February 27 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation of Scotland The first tulip bulb was brought from Turkey to the Netherlands. ...

Similarly self-inflicted wounds can be associated with certain mental illnesses. Some people who fake stigmata suffer from Munchausen syndrome which is characterized by an intense desire for attention. People with Munchausen hurt themselves or fake an illness hoping to end up in a hospital where they can be given attention and care. A mental illness or mental disorder refers to one of many mental health conditions characterized by distress, impaired cognitive functioning, atypical behavior, emotional dysregulation, and/or maladaptive behavior. ... This page refers to the self-inflicted factitious disorder. ...

Skeptics also point out that stigmata have appeared on hands in some cases, wrists in others, and the lance wound has appeared on different sides of the body. This suggests some form of internally generated phenomena, based on the victim's own imagination and subjective in character, rather than something of external divine origin. It is unknown, either through the gospels or other historical accounts, whether crucifixion involved nails being driven through the hands, or wrists, or what side the lance pierced Christ's body, and this would appear to be reflected in the inconsistent placement of stigmatists' wounds. However, Roman Crucifixions involved the nails driven through the ulna and radias gap, being just medial to the wrist. For other uses, see Crucifixion (disambiguation). ...

Similarly, no case of stigmata is known to have occurred before the thirteenth century, when the crucified Jesus became a standard icon of Christianity in the west.[5]. Since crucifixes typically show Jesus having been nailed by the hands, people popularly believed this depiction to be true. As such, if one were to receive stigmata through the wrists, people would not consider it as Jesus' wounds. This article is about Jesus of Nazareth. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations · Other religions Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Catholic Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      Christianity is...

In his paper Hospitality and Pain, iconoclastic Christian theologian Ivan Illich touches on the phenomenon of stigmata with characteristic terseness: "Compassion with Christ... is faith so strong and so deeply incarnate that it leads to the individual embodiment of the contemplated pain." His thesis is that stigmata result from exceptional poignancy of religious faith and desire to associate oneself with the suffering Messiah. This article is about the Austrian philosopher. ...

Similar phenomena in other mystic traditions

Caitanya Mahaprabhu experienced blood oozing from his body in intense emotional states (Sanskrit bhāva.)^[2] Deities of Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (right) and Sri Nityananda (left) at Radha-Krishna temple in Radhadesh, Belgium Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (also transliterated Chaitanya) (1486 - 1534), was an ascetic Hindu monk and social reformer in 16th century Bengal, India (present-day West Bengal and Bangladesh). ... Sanskrit ( , for short ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ...

Popular culture

Television shows

• In the The X-Files episode "Revelations", a young boy, played by Kevin Zegers, gets stigmata.
• In the anime series Chrono Crusade, Rosette Christopher develops stigmata.
• In an episode of Picket Fences, Adam Wylie is blessed with the stigmata and with an ability to effect miraculous faith healings.
• In an episode of The Glass House, an Australian Television Series, Alan Brough told his story of sitting in church whilst he was a young boy and picking a wart resulting in him bleeding, which made a nun near by yell "He has received the stigmata".
• The Nip/Tuck episode "Agatha Ripp", involved a woman who claimed to suffer from stigmata.
• In an episode of The Simpsons, Milhouse has stigmata and, lifting his arms to show Bart on the playground, he has blood oozing from the palm of his hands down to his elbow.
• In House, season 1 episode 5 "Damned If You Do", the primary patient is mistaken to have stigmata by her Catholic sisters.
• In episode 46 of Sealab 2021, entitled "Butchslap", Debbie misinterprets the laser beams focused on her chest as "nipple stigmata."
• In an episode of Judging Amy, Judge Amy Grey has to rule a case on a boy who is in a vegetative state but is thought to cure people and show evidence of stigmata.
• Madonna's 1989 video for Like a Prayer gained controversy when she was seen with stigmata, as well as her dancing in a field of burning crosses and dancing on the altar of a church.
• In the anime series Code Geass, the character C.C. has stigmata under her left breast.
• On Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D-List, Kathy stated that Oprah thought she was Jesus, saying "Oprah would get a paper cut and say 'Stigmata?'"

The X-Files is an American Peabody and Emmy Award-winning science fiction television series created by Chris Carter, which first aired on September 10, 1993, and ended on May 19, 2002. ... This is a list of episodes from the FOX science fiction television series The X-Files. ... Kevin Joseph Zegers (born September 19, 1984 in Woodstock, Ontario) is a Canadian film and TV actor and model. ... “Animé” redirects here. ... Serialized in Comic Dragon, Dragon Age Original run November 1998 – 2004 No. ... Rosette Christopher. ... Picket Fences is a 60-minute drama which initially ran from September 18, 1992 to June 26, 1996 on the CBS television network in the United States. ... Adam Wylie, born 23 May 1984, in San Dimas, California, is a television and motion picture actor, as well as a Broadway musical performer, and a former Crayola spokesman. ... The Glass House (movie), an American movie The Glass House (TV series), an Australian TV series This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Nip/Tuck is an Emmy and Golden Globe award-winning American television medical drama series created by Ryan Murphy for FX Networks. ... // This is an episode list for Nip/Tuck, an American drama television series on FX Networks. ... Simpsons redirects here. ... Milhouse Mussolini Van Houten is a fictional character featured in the animated television series The Simpsons, voiced by Pamela Hayden. ... House, also known as House, M.D., is an American medical drama television series created by David Shore and executive produced by Shore and film director Bryan Singer. ... Damned If You Do is the fifth episode of the first season of House, and the fifth episode overall. ... Sealab 2021 is an American animated television series shown on Cartoon Networks adult-oriented programming block, Adult Swim. ... This is a list of episodes of the Adult Swim animated television series Sealab 2021. ... This article is about the American entertainer. ... Like a Prayer track listing Like a Prayer (1) Express Yourself (2) The Immaculate Collection track listing La Isla Bonita (11) Like a Prayer (12) Express Yourself (13) This article is about the 1989 single by Madonna. ... Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion ) is a Japanese anime television series, created by Sunrise. ... Kathy Griffin (born November 4, 1960) is an Emmy Award-winning American stand-up comedienne, Producer, and actress. ... The Oprah Winfrey Show is the longest-running daytime television talk show in the United States, and is hosted, produced and owned by Oprah Winfrey. ...

Films

• Winter Light (1963), directed and written by Swedish film-maker Ingmar Bergman.
• Agnes of God (1985), starring Meg Tilly and Jane Fonda
• In The End of Evangelion (1997), Shinji Ikari produces stigmata during the initiation of Instrumentality.
• Stigmata (1999), starring Patricia Arquette and Gabriel Byrne.
• End of Days (1999), starring Robin Tunney, Arnold Schwarzenegger and Gabriel Byrne.
• In The Butterfly Effect (2004), Evan produces stigmata to trick his religious cellmate in to helping him.
• In The Exorcism of Emily Rose (2005), the title character receives the stigmata for her sacrifice of burdening six evil spirits to prove the existence of Satan, and therefore as a balance, God.
• The Virgin of Juarez (2006), starring Minnie Driver and Angus McFayden.
• "I Know Who Killed Me" (2007), starring Lindsay Lohan, produces stigmata in the belief that she in turn has a stigmatic twin.two.

Winter Light (originally titled Nattvardsgästerna) was both written and directed by world-renowned Swedish filmmaker Ingmar Bergman in 1963, and stars Bergman regulars Gunnar Björnstrand and Max von Sydow. ... For other uses, see 1963 (disambiguation). ...   (IPA: in Swedish; usually IPA: in English) (July 14, 1918 – July 30, 2007) was a Swedish film, stage, and opera director. ... Agnes of God is a play by John Pielmeier which tells the story of a novice nun who gives birth, insisting that the dead child was the result of a virgin birth. ... This article is about the year. ... Meg Tilly (born February 14, 1960) is an Academy Award-nominated American actress, Broadway stage dancer and ballerina. ... Jane Fonda (born December 21, 1937) is a two-time Academy Award-winning American actress, writer, political activist, former fashion model, and fitness guru. ... The End of Evangelion ) is a 1997 anime film written and chief directed by Hideaki Anno; it won the Japan Academy Prize for popularity. ... For the band, see 1997 (band). ... Shinji Ikari ) is a fictional character and one of the three primary protagonists from the anime and manga series Neon Genesis Evangelion and the movies Evangelion: Death and Rebirth and The End of Evangelion. ... Stigmata is a controversial movie directed by Rupert Wainwright that premiered on September 10, 1999. ... This article is about the year. ... Patricia T. Arquette (born April 8, 1968) is an Emmy Award-winning and Golden Globe Award-nominated American actress. ... Gabriel Byrne (born 12 May 1950) is an Irish actor. ... End of Days is a 1999 action/horror film starring Arnold Schwarzenegger and directed by Peter Hyams. ... This article is about the year. ... Robin Tunney (born on June 19, 1972) is an American actress of stage, television and film. ... Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger (German pronunciation IPA: ) (born July 30, 1947) is an Austrian-born American bodybuilder, actor, and politician, currently serving as the 38th Governor of the U.S. state of California. ... Gabriel Byrne (born 12 May 1950) is an Irish actor. ... This article or section contains a plot summary that is overly long or excessively detailed compared to the rest of the article. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Exorcism of Emily Rose is a 2005 horror/thriller film directed by Scott Derrickson. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the concept of Satan. ... This article discusses the term God in the context of monotheism and henotheism. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Minnie Driver (born Amelia Fiona J. Driver on 31 January 1971) is an Academy award nominated English actress and singer-songwriter, born in London to Ronnie Driver and his wife Gaynor. ... Promo for the DVD Release of I Know Who Killed Me I Know Who Killed Me is a 2007 thriller film directed by Chris Sivertson and starring Lindsay Lohan. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Lindsay Dee Lohan[1] (born July 2, 1986) is an American actress and pop music singer. ...

Novels

• Touch by Elmore Leonard is about a former monastic brother who exhibits stigmata when he heals people.
• Keeping Faith by Jodi Picoult features a 7 year-old girl, Faith White, with no religious background, who develops stigmata.
• Lucky You, a novel by Carl Hiaasen, incorporates a character that has self-inflicted wounds to represent stigmata in order to attract Christian tourists.
• Maybe a Miracle by Brian Strause revolves around a character named Annika Anderson, a comatose eleven-year-old with stigmata.
• Wild Cards by various authors (edited by George R. R. Martin) included among its characters a Joker (an individual disfigured by an alien disease) called Stigmata, whose skin would perpetually rupture and bleed.
• When We Were Saints by Han Nolan portrays Clare having stigmata, and also has a picture of a stigma on the hand on the front cover.
• "The Husband" by Dean Koontz features the wife Holly Rafferty using stigmata as a way to trick her captor and distract him long enough to affect her escape.
• "The Shining" by Stephen King has a chapter where main characters Jack and Wendy Torrance are trying to find out what is wrong with their son. Jack Torrance suggests that he may be a stigmatic but not in the religious sense; in a way that maybe he receives the same afflictions that people had in the past when he enters rooms where murders and violence had occurred.

Elmore John Leonard Jr. ... Jodi Picoult Jodi Picoult (IPA pronunciation: [1]) (born 1966) is an American author. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Carl Hiaasen. ... Carl Hiaasen (IPA pronunciation: ) (born March 12, 1953) is an American journalist and novelist. ... The cover of the first Wild Cards book, Wild Cards. ... George Raymond Richard Martin, sometimes called GRRM, born September 20, 1948 in Bayonne, New Jersey is an American author and screenwriter of science fiction, horror, and fantasy. ... The Husband is a novel that will be released in 2006 by the best-selling author Dean Koontz. ... Dean Ray Koontz (born July 9, 1945 in Everett, Pennsylvania), also known under a number of pseudonyms, including Leigh Nichols, is an American writer. ... The Shining may mean: The Shining (novel), by Stephen King The Shining (film), Stanley Kubricks adaptation of the novel The Shining (mini-series), the ABC mini-series scripted by Stephen King The Shining (band), an English music group named after Kings novel This is a disambiguation page: a... For other persons named Stephen King, see Stephen King (disambiguation). ...

Comic books

• Love and Rockets features a character named Errata Stigmata, a young woman who, to her dismay, has recurring stigmata.
• Death, Jr. has a character Stigmartha, a girl who carries hand stigmata, much to her chagrin.
• D.Gray-man features villainous characters known as Noah who bear a stigmata across their forehead.

Love and Rockets (often abbreviated L&R) is a black and white comic book series by Gilbert Hernandez and Jaime Hernandez, sometimes cited jointly as Los Bros Hernandez. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... D.Gray-man (ディー・グレイマン Dī Gureiman) is a manga series by Katsura Hoshino. ...

Nightbane(a game)

• Nightbane in the game of the same name are shape-changers with a variety of features. One of the classes of features a nightbane can have is "Stigmata" which range from the more traditional eternal wounds to such things as being reduced to a skeleton, appearing severely burned, and or have barbed wire which appears to be wrapped around the body (but is actually part of it). Stigmata features give a nightbane access to abilities that allow them to heal others at a cost of damage to themselves, drown people in blood, or temporarily afflict an enemy with their stigmata.

Stigmata features are most common among Nightbane that were either religious Christians, masochists, those with a history of abuse (prior to discovering they weren't completely human), and those who experienced a life-threatening or "fatal" injury at approximately the same time as their "Becoming". Nightbane is a horror role-playing game and setting created by C.J. Carella and published by Palladium Books in 1995. ...

Dungeons & Dragons(a game)

• The Book of Exalted Deeds features a feat called Stigmata which allows a good-aligned character to heal others at the expense of his health.

The Book of Exalted Deeds is an optional sourcebook for the role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons, providing supplementary game material for good campaigns. ...

References

New Advent is an online Catholic Encyclopedia. ...

See also

• Zlatko Sudac known for his stigmata which he bears on his forehead, and on his wrists, feet and side

Fr. ...

External links

• The Stigmata of Heather Woods (ASSAP article)
• The Miracle Of Damascus [6]
• What is Stigmata? Article by a Spiritualist
• Autobiography of a Yogi/Chapter 39: Therese Neumann, the Catholic Stigmatist of Bavaria Paramahamsa Yogananda meets Therese Neumann
• Stigmata page on Catholic.org
• Banda Cristiana Stigmatas