Stobi was an ancient town of Paionia, later conquered by Macedon, and later still incorporated into the Roman province of Macedonia Salutaris (now in the Republic of Macedonia). It is located on the main road that leads from the Danube to the Aegean Sea and is considered by many to be the most famous archaeological site in the Republic of Macedonia. Stobi was built where the Erigon river (Crna) joins the Axios river (Vardar), making it important strategically as a center for both trade and warfare. Paionia (also Romanized as Paeonia) was, in ancient geography, the land of the Paionians (Gk. ... Macedons regions and towns Macedon or Macedonia (from Greek ; see also List of traditional Greek place names) was the name of an ancient kingdom in the northern-most part of ancient Greece, bordering the kingdom of Epirus on the west and the region of Thrace to the east. ... The Roman Forum was the central area around which ancient Rome developed. ... Motto: (English: ) Anthem: (Transliteration: ) (English: ) Capital Skopje Largest city Skopje Official language(s) Macedonian 1 Government Parliamentary republic  - President Branko Crvenkovski  - Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski Independence From Yugoslavia   - Declared September 8, 1991  Area    - Total 25,333 km² (149th)   9,779 sq mi   - Water (%) 1. ... The Danube bend at Visegrád is a popular destination of tourists The Danube (ancient Danuvius) is Europes second-longest river (after the Volga). ... The Aegean Sea. ... Crna or CRNA or cRNA can have several meanings: CRNA - See also Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist Crna is a river in the Republic of Macedonia. ... The Vardar (or Axios) is the principal river of the Macedonian region of south-eastern Europe. ... The Vardar (Macedonian: Вардар; Latin: Axius; Αξιός(Axios) is the ancient and current Greek name of the river) is the longest river in the Republic of Macedonia. ...

Stobi

Stobi theater

Stobi

Image File history File links Stobi. ... Image File history File links Stobi. ... Image File history File links Stobi_theater. ... Image File history File links Stobi_theater. ... Image File history File links Stobi1. ... Image File history File links Stobi1. ...

The pre-Roman period

Stobi developed from a Paeonian settlement established in the Archaic period. Located on the northern side of a terrace, the early town covered an area of about 25,000 square meters. Its proximity to the junction of the Ergion and Axios rivers and its position in the fertile central Vardar valley allowed it to quickly develop a flourishing economy and establish trade. Nearby Mount Klepa was a lucrative source of marble. The initial Paeonian population was later supplemented by other immigrant groups. Paionia (Romanized as Paeonia) was, in ancient geography, the land of the Paionians (or Paiones, Paeonians), the exact boundaries of which, like the early history of its inhabitants, are very obscure. ... The Vardar (or Axios) is the principal river of the Macedonian region of south-eastern Europe. ...

In earlier times, Bylazora was the Paeonian capital, but later the Paeonians moved their capital to Stobi. Stobi along with the rest of Paeonia was conquered by the kingdom of Macedon. Bylazora was a city of the Paionians, situated along the banks of the Axios (now the Vardar) river in ancient Paionia (the region is now part of the Republic of Macedonia). ... Macedons regions and towns Macedon or Macedonia (from Greek ; see also List of traditional Greek place names) was the name of an ancient kingdom in the northern-most part of ancient Greece, bordering the kingdom of Epirus on the west and the region of Thrace to the east. ...

The Roman period

In 168 BC, the Romans defeated Perseius and Macedonia was divided into four independent areas. In 148 BC the four areas of Macedonia lost their independence and became one unified Roman province. The town was first mentioned in 197 BC by Livius. In the reign of Augustus (31 BC-14 AD) the town grew in size and population. The town grew in 69 AD once it became a municipium and coins, with Municipium Stobensium printed on them, were distributed. The citizens of Stobi enjoyed Ius Italicum and were citizens of Rome. Most belonged to the tribes Aemila and Tromentina. During Roman times Stobi was the capital of the Roman province Macedonia Salutaris. Emperor Theodosius 1st, stayed in Stobi in 388. Late in the 5th century the town underwent a terrible turn of events. In 479 AD, the town was robbed by Theodoric, an Ostrogothic king. The citizens reconstructed the town, but in 518 AD was struck by a powerful earthquake. Avaro-Slavic invasions in the 6th century ruined the city's economy and infrastructure. Centuries: 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - 1st century BC Decades: 210s BC 200s BC 190s BC 180s BC 170s BC - 160s BC - 150s BC140s BC 130s BC 120s BC 110s BC Years: 173 BC 172 BC 171 BC 170 BC 169 BC - 168 BC - 167 BC 166 BC 165... Centuries: 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - 1st century BC Decades: 190s BC 180s BC 170s BC 160s BC 150s BC - 140s BC - 130s BC 120s BC 110s BC 100s BC 90s BC Years: 153 BC 152 BC 151 BC 150 BC 149 BC - 148 BC - 147 BC 146 BC... Centuries: 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - 1st century BC Decades: 240s BC 230s BC 220s BC 210s BC 200s BC - 190s BC - 180s BC 170s BC 160s BC 150s BC 140s BC Years: 202 BC 201 BC 200 BC 199 BC 198 BC - 197 BC - 196 BC 195 BC... Livius (plural Livii) was the name of a gens of Ancient Rome. ... Augustus (Latin: IMPERATOR CAESAR DIVI FILIVS AVGVSTVS[1]; September 23, 63 BC – August 19, AD 14), known as Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (in English Octavian) for the period of his life prior to 27 BC, was the first and among the most important of the Roman Emperors. ... Events The Year of the four emperors: After Neros death, Galba, Otho and Vitellius are all Roman emperor a short time before eventually Vespasian takes over. ... A municipium was the second highest class of a Roman city, and was inferior in status to the colonia. ... // Events Bahram IV becomes king of Persia. ... Europe in 450 The 5th century is the period from 401 - 500 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ... Events End of the Song Dynasty and beginning of the Qi Dynasty in southern China. ... Gold medallion of Theodoric, discovered at Sinigaglia, Italy in the 19th century. ... Events July 9 - Justin becomes Roman emperor September 29 - Severus, Patriarch of Antioch is deposed by a synod for his Monophysitism. ...

Archeaology

The Museum of Belgrade was the first and only institution to investigate the city from 1924 to 1936. Serbian archeologists first discovered public and private buildings in the city and then the city's theater, built in the third century, and religious artifacts from the central and western part of the town. Research into the city officially ended in 1940. During World War II late Hellenistic graves were found in the Palace of Peristeryand most of these had had buildings built over them. In 1970, between the North and Central Basilica and in the western necropolis 55 graves were discovered. In 1955 in the southern part of the north basilica 23 Slavic graves, dating from 9th-12th century were discovered. Bronze statues from the classical and archaic period and ceramic objects from the Neolithic era were discovered in the two parts of the civil basilica and in the central basilica the older part of Sinanoga 2nd. In the north basilica architectonic structures and 23 Slavic graves were discovered. The most significant finds were took place between 1970 and 1980 by Yugoslav and American archeologists. In this period more buildings were discovered and new expeditions in the western necropolis, Casa Romana and in the aqueduct network of Stobi revealed more mosaics and from 1981 to 1988 the Episcopacy basilica was unearthed. These researches confirmed predictions concerning the religion, culture and daily life of its population. 1924 (MCMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1940 calendar). ... Combatants Allies: Poland, United Kingdom, Soviet Union, France/Free France, United States, China, Canada, India, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Greece,Norway and others Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan, Bulgaria, Finland, Romania, Hungary, Burma, Slovakia Casualties Military dead: 17 million Civilian dead: 33 million Total dead: 50 million Military dead... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1970 calendar). ... 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... An array of Neolithic artefacts, including bracelets, axe heads, chisels, and polishing tools Excavated dwellings at Skara Brae Scotland, Europes most complete Neolithic village. ... St. ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Religion in Stobi

The Grand Palace near the eastern wall of the city was built during the Roman period and contains beautiful frescoes. The Temple of Nemeza in the theatre, and religious items related to Higia and Telesfor, Artemida Lohia, Apolon Clarious, Jupiter, Dionisius and Hera were common during this time. In the old Christian period Stobi was an episcopacy seat from 325 AD, when the episcope Budius took part in the Nikea gathering. Stobi is one of are a small number of towns from the late ancient and old Christian period that kept a large number of mosaics. From the 4th-5th century several big churches were built, known for their inside decoration, featured by mosaics and frescoes. Decorative mosaics can also be found in private luxury buildings from the late ancient time, such as Palaces of Theodosius, Policharmosius and Peristerius. New archeological researches have proven that all Christian basilicas in the city, so far discovered, were built over ancient buildings. A XIV Century fresco featuring Saint Sebastian Note: Fresco is the NATO reporting name of the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17. ... Jupiter et Thétis - by Jean Ingres, 1811. ... Dionysius, also spelled Dionisy or Dionisius the Wise, was acknowledged as a head of the Moscow school of icon painters at the turn of the 15th and 16th centuries. ... In the Olympian pantheon of classical Greek Mythology, Hêra (IPA pronunciation: ; Greek or ) was the wife and sister of Zeus. ... Events May 20 - First Council of Nicaea - first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church: The Nicene Creed is formulated, the date of Easter is discussed. ...

Historical sites in Stobi

The Northern Basilica. The church has three main parts, a narthex, an egzonarthex separated by colonies and an atrium constructed of mostly marble. In the northern part there is a Bapstisterium and in the southern part are Slavic graves. The church, which was built at the beginning of the 5th century, can be entered from the street Via Principalis Inferior. The Civil Basilica is south of the north basilica and was discovered in 1937. In 1956 archeologists found that there were seven building phases. Between the North and Civil Basilicas is the ancient Thermae Minores, or "Little Bath" made of stone blocks. In Anatomy, atrium refers to a structure of the heart. ... 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The Central Basilica and Sinagoga can be entered from the street Via Principalis. The Central Basilia was built on Sinagoga at the beginning of the 5th century and had two building phases. The floor of the Sinagoga was discovered 1.5 meters under the level of the central basilica. Dating from the 4th century, it was built on an older Sinagoga from the 3rd century, created by the father of the Sinagoga of Stobi Tiberius Claudius Polycharmos. Inside were two vases dating from 121-125. For other uses, see number 121. ... Events Construction of the Pantheon (Rome) as it stands today by Hadrian. ...

The House of the Psalms, in front of the central basilica, has a central room with a mosaic floor, a room with colonnades, a big pool and columns in the western part of the yard.

Via Axia is one of the main streets in Stobi. Its oriented east-west and its discovered only small part of the street.

The Main Town Public Fountain is located on a small square created by the streets Via Axia and Via Principalis Inferior.

The Magnae Thermae, or Big Bath, consisted of two rooms and was discovered in 1931. One large room with a statue and a pool made of stone blocks. The reconstructed bath was in use until the late 6th century. 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1931 calendar). ... This Buddhist stela from China, Northern Wei period, was built in the early 6th century. ...

Via Principalis Inferior was a major street of the city located from the central basilica to the main town fountain, then to house of Partenius, Palace of Theodosius and the house of Psalms.

The House of Peristerius was a large living complex for several families and also had rooms for shops. The Peristerius family owned the rooms in the southern part of the complex. The central part of this complex is a yard under open sky, with fountains on the western side. In the eastern part is an excellent example of floor mosaics and in the middle there is a fountain made of marble. The complex and the mosaics date from the late 4th or the early 5th century. The Via Theodosia street is parallel to Via Axia and its located between the house of Peristerius and the palace of Theodosius.

The Palace of Theodosius was where the emperor Theodosius 1st stayed while in Stobi. The floor is covered with marble blocks and the peristyle with mosaics in the technique opus sectile. The other rooms are also decorated, dating from the 4th-5th century.

The House of Partenius is located from the southern part of the Palace of Theodosius, and is connected to it by a wall making it into an L shaped building standing for Latin. Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ...

Valavica (Domus Fullonica) is a complex of connected shops and residences, built on older objects. The name regards only one phase of building in the small yard, whereas in the 5th century there was also a workshop for painting and making carpets. The complex was in use from the 1st century to the 6th century. The 1st century was that century which lasted from 1 to 100 according the Gregorian calendar. ... This Buddhist stela from China, Northern Wei period, was built in the early 6th century. ...

External links

• Stobi article
• some photos of archaeological sites in Stobi