Stockholm Bloodbath
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The Stockholm Bloodbath, or the Stockholm Massacre, took place as the result of a successful invasion of Sweden by Danish forces under the command of Christian II of Denmark (in Swedish history known as "Christian the Tyrant"). The bloodbath itself is a series of events taking place between November 4th and November 10th in 1520, culminating on the 8th when around 100 persons (mostly nobility and clergy involved in the previous Swedish war effort) were executed despite a promise by Christian for general amnesty. The executions took place in Stortorget Square in Stockholm. from Swedish Wikipedia This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... from Swedish Wikipedia This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Christian II (1481 – 1559) was a Danish monarch and King of Denmark, Norway (1513 – 1523) and Sweden (1520 – 1521), under the Kalmar Union. ... November 4 is the 308th day of the year (309th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 57 days remaining. ... November 10 is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 51 days remaining. ... Events January 18 - King Christian II of Denmark and Norway defeats the Swedes at Lake Asunde. ... November 8 is the 312th day of the year (313th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 53 days remaining. ... Amnesty (from the Greek amnestia, oblivion) is an act of grace by which the supreme power in a state restores those who may have been guilty of any offence against it to the position of innocent persons. ... Stockholm? is the capital and the largest city in Sweden. ...
The Stockholm Bloodbath was a consequence of the conflict between pro-unionists and patriotic anti-unionists in Sweden, and between the latter and the Danish aristocracy which in other aspects was highly critical of King Christian. The patriotic party, headed by Sten Sture the younger, stood face to face with the pro-Danish party under Archbishop Gustavus Trolle. The Death of Sten Sture the Younger on the ice of lake Mälaren. ...
Gustav Trolle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...
Christian, who had already taken measures to isolate Sweden politically, hastened to the relief of the archbishop, who was beleaguered in his fortress of Stake (Stäket), but was defeated by Sture and his peasant levies at Vedila and forced to return to Denmark. A second attempt to subdue Sweden in 1518 was also frustrated by Sture's victory at Brännkyrka. A third attempt made in 1520 with a large army of French, German and Scottish mercenaries proved successful. Almarestäket, or Stäket, is a strait at the inlet of lake Mälaren in midth-east Sweden. ...
Events A plague of tropical fire ants devastates crops on Hispaniola. ...
Brännkyrka is a parish in South Stockholm, Sweden. ...
Events January 18 - King Christian II of Denmark and Norway defeats the Swedes at Lake Asunde. ...
Sture was mortally wounded at the battle of Bogesund, on January 19, and the Danish army, unopposed, was approaching Uppsala, where the members of the Swedish Riksdag had already assembled. The senators consented to render homage to Christian on condition that he gave a full indemnity for the past and a guarantee that Sweden should be ruled according to Swedish laws and custom; and a convention to this effect was confirmed by the king and the Danish Privy Council on March 31. January 19 is the 19th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
Riksdag is also the Swedish name of the Parliament of Finland. ...
The Council of State (Statsrådet) The Council of State (Statsrådet) is the Danish Privy Council. ...
March 31 is the 90th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (91st in Leap years), with 275 days remaining, as the final day of March. ...
Sture's widow, Dame Christina Gyllenstjerna, still held out stoutly at Stockholm, and the peasantry of central Sweden, roused by her patriotism, flew to arms, defeated the Danish invaders at Balundsås on March 19, and were only with the utmost difficulty finally defeated at the bloody battle of Upsala (Good Friday, April 6). Stockholm? is the capital and the largest city in Sweden. ...
March 19 is the 78th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (79th in leap years). ...
April 6 is the 96th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (97th in leap years). ...
In May the Danish fleet arrived, and Stockholm was invested by land and sea; but Dame Christina resisted valiantly for four months longer, and took care, when she surrendered on September 7, to exact beforehand an amnesty of the most explicit and absolute character. On November 1 the representatives of the nation swore fealty to Christian as hereditary king of Sweden, though the law of the land distinctly provided that the Swedish crown should be elective. September 7 is the 250th day of the year (251st in leap years). ...
November 1 is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 60 days remaining. ...
A hereditary monarchy is the most common style of monarchy and is the form that is used by almost all of the worlds existing monarchies. ...
An elective monarchy is a monarchy whose reigning king or queen is elected in some form. ...
On November 4, he was anointed by Gustavus Trolle in the Storkyrkan Church in Stockholm, and took the usual oath to rule the realm through native-born Swedes alone, according to prescription. The next three days were given up to banqueting, but on November 7 "an entertainment of another sort began." On the evening of that day Christian summoned his captains to a private conference at the palace, the result of which was quickly apparent, for at dusk a band of Danish soldiers, with lanterns and torches, broke into the great hall and carried off several carefully selected persons. November 4 is the 308th day of the year (309th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 57 days remaining. ...
Gustav Trolle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...
November 7 is the 311th day of the year (312th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 54 days remaining. ...
By 10 o'clock the same evening the remainder of the king's guests were safely under lock and key. All these persons had previously been marked down on Archbishop Trolle's proscription list. On the following day a council, presided over by Trolle, solemnly pronounced judgment of death on the proscribed, as manifest heretics.
At 12 o'clock that night the patriotic bishops of Skara and Strängnäs were led out into the great square and beheaded. Fourteen noblemen, three burgomasters, fourteen town councillors and about twenty common citizens of Stockholm were then drowned or decapitated. The executions continued throughout the following day; in all, about eighty-two people are said to have been thus murdered. Skara is a Municipality in Västra Götaland County, in western Sweden. ...
Strängnäs is a Municipality in Södermanland County, in central Sweden, located by Lake Mälaren. ...
Moreover, Christian revenged himself upon the dead as well as upon the living, for Sten Sture's body was dug up and burnt, as well as the body of his little child. Dame Christina and many other noble Swedish ladies were sent as prisoners to Denmark. It has well been said that the manner of this atrocious deed (the Stockholm Massacre as it is generally called) was even more detestable than the deed itself.
Christian suppressed his political opponents under the pretense of defending an ecclesiastical system which in his heart he despised. Even when it became necessary to make excuses for his crime, we see the same double-standard. Thus, while in a proclamation to the Swedish people he represented the massacre as a measure necessary to avoid a papal interdict, in his apology to the Pope for the decapitation of the innocent bishops he described it as an unauthorized act of vengeance on the part of his own people.
See also
The Kalmar Union (Danish/Norwegian/Swedish: Kalmarunionen) was a series of personal unions (1397–1520) that united the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden under a single monarch. ... Sture was the name an influential family in Sweden from the late 15th century to the early 16th century. ... Gustav Vasa, originally Gustav Eriksson Vasa (May 12, 1496–September 29, 1560) was King of Sweden from 1523 until his death. ...
Reference
- This article incorporates text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, which is in the public domain.
