Stolypin agrarian reforms are the agrarian reforms to Imperial Russia's agricultural sector instituted during the tenure of Pyotr Stolypin as Chairman of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister). Most if not all of these reforms were based on recommendations from "The Needs of Agricultural Industry Special Conference" which was held in Russia between 1901-1903 during the tenure of Sergei Witte as Minister of Finance and Chairman of the Committee of Ministers. Imperial Russia is the term used to cover the period of history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great, through the expansion of the Russian Empire from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific Ocean, to the deposal of Nicholas II of Russia, the last tsar, at the start... Pyotr Stolypin Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin (Russian: Пётр Арка́дьевич Столы́пин) (April 14 (April 2 Old Style) 1862 - September 14 (September 1 Old Style) 1911) served as Nicholas IIs Chairman of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister) from 1906 to 1911. ... Sergei Witte Count Sergei Yulyevich Witte (Серге́й Ю́льевич Ви́тте) (June 29, 1849 – March 13, 1915), also known as Sergius Witte, was a highly influential policy-maker who presided over extensive industrialization within the Russian Empire. ...

The goal of the reform was to transform the archaic obshchina form of Russian agriculture which the peasants that were liberated by the emancipation reform of 1861 in Russia remained trapped within. Among the many faults of the obshchina included collective ownership, scattered land allotments based on family size and a stifling level of control by the family elder. The Russian word mir (мир), besides its direct meanings of peace and world, had some other meanings related to social organization in Imperial Russia. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

The reforms began with and introduced the unconditional right of individual landownership (Ukase of November 9, 1906). Essentially the reforms sought to abolish the obshchina system and replace it with a more progressive, capitalist oriented form highlighting private ownership and consolidated modern farmsteads. Ukase (Russian: указ, ukaz) in Imperial Russia was a proclamation of the tsar government, or a religions leader patriarch that had the force of law. ... November 9 is the 313th day of the year (314th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 52 days remaining. ... 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... In economics, a capitalist is someone who owns capital, presumably within the economic system of capitalism. ...

The reforms were multifaceted and introduced the following:

• Development of large-scale individual farming (khutors)
• Introduction of agricultural cooperation
• Development of agricultural education
• Dissemination of new methods of land improvement
• Affordable lines of credit for peasants
• Creation of an agrarian party, to represent the interests of farmers

The Stolypin agrarian reforms were implemented by the state in an exhausting campaign from 1906 through 1914. This system was not a command economy like that found in the Soviet Union in the 1920's but a continuation of the State Capitalism program begun under Sergei Witte but so far essentially unapplied to the agricultural sector. It was different from Witte's reforms not by the rapid push which was a method also found in the Witte Reforms but by the fact that Stolypin's reforms were to the Agricultural sector, included improvements to the rights of individuals on a broad level and had the backing of the Police. These reforms laid the groundwork for a free capitalist enterprise system in Russian agriculture for the common people. Khutor or hutor (Russian: ; Ukrainian: , Khutir) was usually a single-homestead rural settlement (farmstead) in Ukraine, Russia, and some parts of Central Asia. ... Cooperative farming is a system, in which farmers pool their resources for cooperation in certain areas. ... Credit as a financial term, used in such terms as credit card, refers to the granting of a loan and the creation of debt. ... A planned economy is an economic system in which economic decisions are made by centralized planners, who determine what sorts of goods and services to produce, and how they are to be priced and allocated. ... There are multiple definitions of the term state capitalism. ...

The principal ministers involved in the implementation of the Stolypin agrarian reforms were Petr Stolypin as Interior Minster and Prime Minster, Alexander Krivoshein as Agriculture and State Domains Minister, and Vladimir Kokovtsov as Finance Minister and Stolypin's successor as Prime Minister. Vladimir Nikolayevich Kokovtsov (Влади́мир Никола́евич Коковцо́в) (1853–1943) was a Russian statesman during the reign of Nicholas II of Russia. ...

The Stolypin reforms and the majority of their benefits were reversed by the Soviet agrarian program in the 1920s.

Resettlement to Siberia

As a result of the expansion of the Trans-Siberian Railroad and other railroads east of the Ural Mountains and the Caspian Sea migration to Siberia increased. It is estimated that between 1890 and 1914 that over 10 million persons migrated freely from Russia proper to areas east of the Urals. This was encouraged by the Trans-Siberian Railroad Committee; personally headed by Nicholas II as chairman. The Stolypin agrarian reforms included a subsidized resettlement benefit for peasants who moved to Siberia. As a result of this reform approximately 2.8 of the 10 million settlements in Siberia occurred between 1908 and 1913 under this new subsidy. This increased the population of the regions east of the Urals by 2.5 times. Trans-Siberian line in red; Baikal Amur Mainline in green. ... Map of Ural Mountains The Ural Mountains (Russian: Уральские горы = Урал) also known simply as the Urals and as the Riphean Mountains in Greco-Roman antiquity, is a mountain range that runs roughly north and south through western Russia. ... Caspian Sea viewed from orbit The Caspian Sea is a landlocked endorheic sea between Asia and Europe (European Russia). ... Siberia is also an album by Echo & The Bunnymen. ...

Cooperation

The following new types of cooperation-assistance were developed as part of the Stolypin agrarian reforms: financial-credit cooperation, production cooperation, consumer cooperation. Many elements of Stolypin's cooperation-assistance programs were in fact incorporated into the early agarian programs of the Soviet Union, however without due credit to the "tsarist" minister.

Reference

• Judith Pallot. Land Reform in Russia, 1906-1917: Peasant Responses to Stolypin's Project of Rural Transformation. Oxford and New York: Clarendon Press, 1999. xv + 255. ISBN 0-19-820656-9