Richard Mansfield was best known for his dual role depicted in this double exposure. The stage adaptation opened in London in 1887, a year after the publication of the novella. Picture 1895.

The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde¹ is a novella written by the Scottish author Robert Louis Stevenson first published in 1886. It is about a London lawyer who investigates strange occurrences between his old friend, Dr Henry Jekyll², and the misanthropic man Edward Hyde. The work is known for its vivid portrayal of the psychopathology of a split personality, in mainstream culture the very phrase "Jekyll and Hyde" has come to signify wild or polar behaviour. Image File history File links Jekyll-mansfield. ... Image File history File links Jekyll-mansfield. ... Richard Mansfield (1857-1907) was an American actor who was born on the May 24, 1857, in Berlin. ... A novella is a short novel; a narrative work of prose fiction somewhat longer than a short story but shorter than a novel. ... Motto: Nemo me impune lacessit (English: No one provokes me with impunity) Scotlands location within Europe Scotlands location within the United Kingdom Languages English, Gaelic, Scots Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow First Minister Jack McConnell Area - Total - % water Ranked 2nd UK 78,782 km² 1. ... Robert Louis Stevenson Robert Louis (Balfour) Stevenson (November 13, 1850 – December 3, 1894), was a Scottish novelist, poet, and travel writer, a leading representative of Neo-romanticism in English literature. ... 1886 (MDCCCLXXXVI) is a common year starting on Friday (click on link to calendar) // Events January 18 - Modern field hockey is born with the formation of The Hockey Association in England. ... For other uses, see London (disambiguation) and Defining London (below). ... Psychopathology is a term which refers to either the study of mental illness or mental distress the manifestation of behaviours and experiences which may be indicative of mental illness or psychological impairment. ... This article is about the album by Cassidy. ... The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll1and Mr. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde was an immediate success and one of Stevenson's best selling works. Stage adaptations began in Boston and London within a year of its publication and it has gone on to inspire scores of major film and stage performances. Boston is a town and small port c. ...

Background

In early Autumn of 1885 Stevenson's thoughts turned to the idea of the duality of man's nature, and how to incorporate the interplay of good and evil into a story. One night he had a dream, and on wakening had the idea for two or three scenes that would appear in Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. "In the small hours of one morning," says Mrs. Stevenson, "I was awakened by cries of horror from Louis. Thinking he had a nightmare, I awakened him. He said angrily 'Why did you wake me? I was dreaming a fine bogey tale.' I had awakened him at the first transformation scene." The word duality has a variety of different meanings in different contexts: In mathematics, see duality (mathematics). ... Good may mean: Look up good in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Evil is a term describing that which is regarded as morally bad, intrinsically corrupt, wantonly destructive, inhumane, or wicked. ... In common current usage, the term nightmare refers to dreams of particular intensity, with content that the sleeper finds disturbing, related either to physiological causes, such as a high fever, or to psychological ones, such as unusual trauma or stress in the sleepers life. ...

Lloyd Osbourne, Stevenson's step-son, remembers "I don't believe that there was ever such a literary feat before as the writing of Dr. Jekyll. I remember the first reading as if it was yesterday. Louis came downstairs in a fever; read nearly half the book aloud; and then, while we where still gasping, he was away again, and busy writing. I doubt if the first draft took so long as three days."

As was the custom, Mrs. Stevenson would read the draft and offer her criticisms in the margins. Louis was confined to bed at the time from a haemorrhage, and she left her comments with the manuscript and Louis in the bedroom. She said in effect the story was really an allegory, but Louis was writing it just as a story. After a while Louis called her back into the bedroom and pointed to a pile of ashes: he had burnt the manuscript in fear that he would try to salvage it, and in the process forcing himself to start over from scratch writing an allegorical story as she had suggested. Scholars debate if he really burnt his manuscript or not. Other scholars suggest her criticism was not about allegory, but about inappropriate sexual content. Whatever the case, there is no direct factual evidence for the burning of the manuscript, but it remains an integral part of the history of the novel. Hemorrhage (alternate spelling is Haemorrhage) is the medical term meaning bleeding. ... A manuscript (Latin manu scriptus, written by hand), strictly speaking, is any written document that is put down by hand, in contrast to being printed or reproduced some other way. ... An allegory (from Greek αλλος, allos, other, and αγορευειν, agoreuein, to speak in public) is a figurative mode of representation conveying a meaning other than and in addition to the literal. ... An allegory (from Greek αλλος, allos, other, and αγορευειν, agoreuein, to speak in public) is a figurative representation conveying a meaning other than and in addition to the literal. ... Human sexuality is the expression of sexual feelings. ...

Stevenson re-wrote the story again in three days. According to Osbourne "The mere physical feat was tremendous; and instead of harming him, it roused and cheered him inexpressibly." He refined and continued to work on it for 4 to 6 weeks afterward.

The manuscript was initially sold as a paperback for one shilling in the UK and one dollar in the USA. Initially stores would not stock it until a review appeared in The Times (Jan.25 1886), giving it a favourable reception. Within the next six months close to forty-thousand copies were sold. By 1901 it was estimated have sold over 250,000 copies. Its success was probably due more to the "moral instincts of the public" than perception of its artistic merits, being widely read by those who never otherwise read fiction, quoted in pulpit sermons and in religious papers. The Times is a national newspaper published daily in the United Kingdom. ... For other uses of Ambo, see Ambo, Ethiopia and ambulance. ... A sermon is an oration by a prophet or member of the clergy. ...

Plot

The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde book cover

This investigation begins as a matter of curiosity and concern despite Jekyll's assurances that Hyde is nothing to worry about. That changes when Hyde is seen committing a savage murder of a respected Member of Parliament. As Utterson assists in the investigation of the crime, Jekyll becomes more and more reclusive and sombre. Utterson comes to believe that the doctor is abetting Mr Hyde. The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. ... The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. ... A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters of an electoral district to a parliament; in the Westminster system, specifically to the lower house. ...

Eventually, Jekyll isolates himself in his laboratory gripped with an emotional burden that no one can comprehend. Another friend of Utterson's, Lanyon, suddenly dies of a horrific emotional shock of which Jekyll seems to be connected. Eventually, Jekyll's butler comes to Utterson to ask for his help to deal with a stranger who has somehow entered the locked lab and killed Jekyll. Together they discover that the stranger in the lab is Hyde, and they break in only to find Hyde dead by his own hand and Jekyll nowhere to be found. // For other uses see Butler (disambiguation) The butler is a senior servant in a large household. ... Lab is a common shortened form for several terms and can refer to: Laboratory, a place where scientific research and experiments are conducted Lab, a people living in southern Albania Labrador, a region on the easternmost coast of Canada Labrador Retriever, a dog breed Lab color space, the most complete...

Eventually, Utterson reads two letters left for him from his deceased friends. The first one is from Lanyon and reveals that he witnessed first hand that Hyde is none other than Jekyll physically transformed into the other identity by means of a potion of Jekyll's design.

The other letter is a confession from Jekyll which reveals what occurred when he realised that every man has two aspects within him – good and evil – which constantly wage war upon him. Acting on the theory that it was possible to polarise and separate these two aspects, he created a potion that could change a man into an embodiment of his evil side, thereby also making pure his good side. After using the potion on himself, Jekyll became physically smaller as his evil nature became predominant; this persona was called Edward Hyde. After a few trial runs as Hyde, Jekyll soon began to undergo this change regularly in order to indulge in all the forbidden antisocial pleasures that he would never commit as Jekyll. However, the Hyde aspect himself began to grow stronger and beyond Jekyll's ability to control it with a counter-agent. Eventually, Jekyll wakes up in bed one day to discover that he has turned into Hyde overnight. He resolves to give up Hyde for good, but the allure proves too strong to resist, and after two months he takes the potion once more.

This time, Hyde does not just indulge himself; he commits murder, and can no longer be seen in public for fear of being recognised and sent to the gallows. This reassures Jekyll, and he attempts to redeem himself for the actions of Hyde. However, once more he undergoes the transformation, without the aid of potion, in a park in broad daylight. He manages to avoid capture by finding a hotel room. He writes to Lanyon, asking him to fetch from his study the drawer in which the counter-agent is found.

Lanyon complies, and Hyde shows up at his house unrecognised. He takes the potion, as although he has begun to despise Jekyll, he fears recognition and the resulting death even more; and the doctor explains everything to Lanyon. It is this knowledge that eventually kills him.

Jekyll finds that he can now only remain in his original form with the potion in his system. Eventually Jekyll ran out of the unique components to the potion, and in particular a "salt" of which he had initially acquired quite a large quantity. New supplies of this salt did not produce an effective potion, which he initially attributed to an impurity in the new supplies, but finally concluded that it was the initial order that was impure, and that an "unknown impurity" in it was vital to its effectiveness. As he had no way of acquiring any more of this impure salt, he was doomed to remain as Hyde permanently.

In the end, Jekyll decided to write the confession letter, and killed himself before transforming into Hyde again.

Analysis

This novel has become a central concept in Western culture of the inner conflict of humanity's sense of good and evil. It has also been noted as "one of the best guidebooks of the Victorian times because of its piercing description of the fundamental dichotomy of the 19th century outward respectability and inward lust" as it had a tendency for social hypocrisy. Leonardo da Vincis Vitruvian Man, for many a symbol of the changes of the Western culture during the Renaissance Western culture refers to the the culture of western Europe and North America that has developed in modern times. ... Victorian can refer to: people from or attributes of places called Victoria (disambiguation page), including Victoria, Australia, people who lived during the British Victorian era of the 19th century, and aspects of the Victorian era, for example: Victorian architecture Victorian fashion Victorian morality Victorian literature This is a disambiguation page...

Various influences have been suggested for Stevenson's interest in the mental condition that separates the sinful from moral self. Among them are the Biblical text of Romans (7:20 "Now if I do that I would not, it is no more I that do it, but sin that dwelleth in me."); the split life in the 1780s of Edinburgh city councillor Deacon William Brodie, master craftsman by day, burglar by night; and James Hogg's novel The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner (1824), in which a young man falls under the spell of the devil. The Bible (From Greek βιβλια—biblia, meaning books, which in turn is derived from βυβλος—byblos meaning papyrus, from the ancient Phoenician city of Byblos which exported papyrus) is the sacred scripture of Christianity. ... The Epistle to the Romans is one of the epistles, or letters, included in the New Testament canon of the Christian Bible. ... For other uses, see Edinburgh (disambiguation). ... Deacon William Brodie (1741–1788) was a Scottish cabinet-maker and Edinburgh city councillor, who maintained a secret life as a burglar, partly for the thrill, and partly to fund his gambling. ... A different James Hogg was governor of Texas, and an advocate of the Railroad Commission Law. ... The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner was published by James Hogg in 1824. ...

Literary genres which critics have applied as a framework for interpreting the novel include religious allegory, fable, detective story, sensation fiction, science fiction, doppelganger literature, Scottish devil tales, Gothic novel. A literary genre is one of the divisions of literature into genres according to particular criteria such as literary technique, tone, or subject matter (content). ... An allegory (from Greek αλλος, allos, other, and αγορευειν, agoreuein, to speak in public) is a figurative mode of representation conveying a meaning other than and in addition to the literal. ... In its strict sense a fable is a short story or folk tale embodying a moral, which may be expressed explicitly at the end as a maxim. ... Detective Story is a 1951 film which tells the story of one day in the lives of the various people who populate a police detectives squad. ... Science fiction is a form of speculative fiction principally dealing with the impact of imagined science and technology, or both, upon society and persons as individuals. ... For other uses of the word Doppelgänger please see Doppelgänger (disambiguation). ... The Devil (some times known as MacDonald-Sheedy) is the name given to a supernatural entity, who, in most Western religions, is the central embodiment of evil. ... Strawberry Hill, an English villa in the Gothic revival style, built by seminal Gothic writer Horace Walpole The gothic novel was a literary genre that belonged to Romanticism and began in the United Kingdom with The Castle of Otranto (1764) by Horace Walpole. ...

Stevenson never says exactly what Hyde takes pleasure in on his nightly forays, saying generally that it is something of an evil and lustful nature, and thus in the context of the times, abhorrent to Victorian religious morality. However scientists in the closing decades of the 19th century, within a post-Darwinian perspective, were also beginning to examine various biological influences on human morality, including drug and alcohol addiction, homosexuality, multiple personality disorder, and regressive animality.

Jekyll's inner division has been viewed by some critics as analogous to schisms existing in British society. Divisions include the social divisions of class, the political divisions between Ireland and England, and the divisions between religious and secular forces. Social class refers to the hierarchical distinctions between individuals or groups in societies or cultures. ... Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location (dark green) within the British Isles Languages English (de facto) Capital London de facto Largest city London Area – Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population – Total (mid-2004) – Total (2001 Census) – Density Ranked 1st... This article concerns secularity, that is, being secular, in various senses. ...

In the arts

There have been dozens of major stage and film adaptations, and countless references in popular culture. The very phrase "Jekyll and Hyde" has become shorthand to mean wild controversial and polar behaviour. Most adaptations of the work omit the reader-identification figure of Utterson, instead telling the story from Jekyll and Hyde's viewpoint, thus eliminating the mystery aspect of the tale about who Hyde is; indeed there have been no major adaptations to date that stay close to Stevenson's original work, almost all introducing some form of romantic element. Interior of the 1928 B. F. Keith Memorial Theatre, Boston, Massachusetts. ... Film refers to the celluloid media on which movies are printed. ... The word culture, from the Latin colo, -ere, with its root meaning to cultivate, generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activity significance. ... Romantic and romanticism have a number of uses: Titles: Romantic (song) by Karyn White. ...

For a complete list of derivative works see "Derivative works of Robert Louis Stevenson, compiled by Richard Dury.

Major and notable adaptations listed in chronological order:

• 1887, stage play, opened in Boston. Thomas Russell Sullivan's Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. This was the first serious theatrical rendering, it went on to tour Britain and ran for 20 years. It became forever linked with Richard Mansfield's performance, who continued playing the part up until 1907. Sullivan re-worked the plot to center around a domestic love interest.
• 1912, movie USA, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1912 film). Thanhouser Company Directed by Lucius Henderson starring James Cruze amd Florence Labadie
• 1920, movie USA, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1920 film). Directed by John S. Robertson. The most famous of the silent film versions, starring an inspired John Barrymore in a bravura performance. Plot follows the Sullivan version of 1887, with some elements from The Picture of Dorian Gray.

• 1931, movie USA, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1931 film). Directed by Rouben Mamoulian. Widely viewed as the classic film version, known for its skilled acting, powerful visual symbolism, and innovative special effects. Follows the Sullivan plot. Fredric March won the Academy Award for his deft portrayal and the technical secret of the amazing transformation scenes wasn't revealed until after the director's death decades later.

• 1941, movie USA, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941 film). Directed by Victor Fleming. Largely an imitation of the 1931 movie, it stars Spencer Tracy, Ingrid Bergman, and Lana Turner.

• 1960, movie UK, The Two Faces of Dr. Jekyll (released in the US as The House of Fright). Directed by Terence Fisher. A lurid love triangle and explicit scenes of snakes, opium dens, rape, murder and bodies crashing through glass roofs.

• 1963, movie USA, The Nutty Professor. Directed by Jerry Lewis. This screwball comedy retains a thin plot connection to the original work. Its enduring popularity has given it a significant role in the cultural visibility of the Jekyll and Hyde motif. Lewis re-works the Victorian polarised identity theme to the mid-20th century American dilemma of masculinity.

• 1968, TV USA/Canada, "Robert Louis Stevenson's The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde". Directed by Charles Jarrott. A two-part TV series shown on CBC in Canada and ABC in the USA. Nominated for several Emmy awards, it follows Hyde on a series of sexual conquests and hack and slash murders, finally shot by "Devlin" (as Utterson is renamed).

• 1971, movie UK, Dr. Jekyll and Sister Hyde. Directed by Roy Ward Barker. The earliest work to show Jekyll transform into a woman. Recasts Jekyll as Jack the Ripper, who uses Sister Hyde as a convenient disguise to carry out his murders.

• 1971, movie UK, I, Monster. Directed by Steven Weeks. Recasts Jekyll as a 1906 Freudian psychotherapist. Retains a fair amount of Stevenson's original plot and dialogue.

• 1971, movie USA, Dr Sexual and Mr Hyde, Directed by Tony Brzezinski. The first hardcore pornographic adaptation.

• 1990, TV UK, "Jekyll and Hyde". Directed by David Wickes. Jekyll is a widower in love with a married woman.

• 1996, movie US, Mary Reilly. Directed by Stephen Frears. Starring Julia Roberts and John Malkovich and based on the 1990 novel Mary Reilly by Valerie Martin, a re-working of Stevenson's plot centered around a maid in Jekyll's household named Mary Reilly.

• 1997, stage play, Broadway musical, Jekyll and Hyde (musical). Ran for four years. Involves a love triangle with Jekyll and two women, with Jekyll killed by Utterson on his wedding day.

• 2007, television drama, Jekyll. Written by Steven Moffat, starring James Nesbitt, an updated version of the story taking place in the 21st century. Produced by Hartswood Films for BBC One. Due to go into production in September 2006. BBC Press Office link.

Richard Mansfield (1857-1907) was an American actor who was born on the May 24, 1857, in Berlin. ... A cartoonish version of the heart, a frequent modern symbol of love Love has several different meanings in the English language, from something that gives a little pleasure (I loved that meal) to something for which one would die (patriotism, pair-bonding). ... The Thanhouser Company (later the Thanhouser Film Corporation) was a motion picture studio founded in New Rochelle, New York in 1909 by Edwin Thanhouser. ... James Cruze (born March 27, 1884 near Ogden, Utah - died August 3, 1942, in Hollywood, California) was a silent film actor. ... Florence M.L. La Badie (born possibly April 27, 1888 - October 13, 1917) was the daughter of Joseph E. La Badie and his wife Amanda from Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ... was a classic 1920 horror film based upon Robert Louis Stevensons famed novella and brought to life by John Barrymore, widely regarded as the worlds greatest actor at the time. ... A silent film is a film which has no accompanying soundtrack. ... John Sidney Blythe (February 15, 1882 – May 29, 1942), better known as John Barrymore, became famous as a Shakespearean actor, lauded for his Hamlet, and was frequently regarded as the greatest actor of his generation, playing a wide variety of roles on stage and in films. ... VHS cover for the 1945 film version showing Hurd Hatfield (centre) as Gray, Donna Reed (left) as Gladys Hallward, Angela Lansbury (right) as Sibyl Vane and George Sanders (background) as Lord Henry Wotton The Picture of Dorian Gray, the only novel by Oscar Wilde, was first published in 1890 and... Dr. Jekyll and Mr. ... Rouben Mamoulian (October 8, 1897 – December 4, 1987) was an American film and theatre director. ... Fredric March photograph by Carl Van Vechten, 1939 Fredric March (Ernest Frederick McIntyre Bickel) (August 31, 1897–April 14, 1975) was an Academy Award winning American actor. ... Academy Awards The Academy Awards, popularly known as the Oscars, are the most prominent film awards in the United States. ... Dr. Jekyll and Mr. ... Victor Fleming (February 23, 1883 - January 6, 1949) (sometimes Vic Fleming) was an American film director. ... Spencer Tracy Spencer Tracy (April 5, 1900 – June 10, 1967) was an American film actor who appeared in 74 films from 1930 to 1967. ... Ingrid Bergman in Casablanca (help· info) (pronounced in Swedish, but usually in English, IPA notation) (August 29, 1915 – August 29, 1982) was a three-time Academy Award-winning Swedish actress. ... Lana Turner Lana Turner (February 8, 1921 – June 29, 1995) was an American actress famed early in her career for her appearances in tight sweaters, and her smoldering sensuality, and later in her career for sudsy romance films with maximal glamorous evening gowns and tragedy. ... Movie director who worked for Hammer Films. ... Superfamilies and Families Henophidia Aniliidae Anomochilidae Boidae Bolyeriidae Cylindrophiidae Loxocemidae Pythonidae Tropidophiidae Uropeltidae Xenopeltidae Typhlopoidea Anomalepididae Leptotyphlopidae Typhlopidae Xenophidia Acrochordidae Atractaspididae Colubridae Elapidae Hydrophiidae Viperidae Snakes (from Old English snaca, and ultimately from PIE base *snag- or *sneg-, to crawl), also known as ophidians, are cold blooded legless reptiles closely... Opium is a narcotic analgesic drug which is obtained from the unripe seed pods of the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L. or the synonym paeoniflorum). ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Joseph Levitch [1] (born March 16, 1926), better known as Jerry Lewis, is an American comedian, actor, producer, and director, known for his slapstick humor and his charity fund-raising telethons for the Muscular Dystrophy Association. ... Two Seated Men In many societies, masculinity is understood to include open displays of same-sex non-sexual affection and physical contact. ... Canadian Broadcasting Corporation Cipher-block chaining ... The American Broadcasting Company (ABC) is a television and radio network in the United States. ... An Emmy Award. ... Dr. Jekyll and Sister Hyde is a 1971 Hammer Horror film. ... Image of a nude woman on the Pioneer plaque sent to outer space. ... Jack the Ripper is the pseudonym given to an unidentified serial killer active in the largely impoverished Whitechapel area of London, England in the second half of 1888. ... Sigmund Freud His famous couch Sigmund Freud (May 6, 1856 - September 23, 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of the psychoanalytic school of psychology, a movement that popularized the theory that unconscious motives control much behavior. ... Psychotherapy is a set of techniques believed to cure or to help solve behavioral and other psychological problems in humans. ... // Plot in literature, theater, movies According to Aristotles Poetics, a plot in literature is the arrangement of incidents that (ideally) each follow plausibly from the other. ... The term dialogue (or dialog) expresses basically reciprocal conversation between two or more persons. ... Hardcore pornography is a form of pornography that features explicit sexual acts. ... Pornography (from Greek πορνογραφια pornographia — literally writing about or drawings of harlots) is the representation of the human body or human sexual behaviour with the goal of sexual arousal, similar to, but (according to some) distinct from, erotica. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... Stephen Frears (born June 20, 1941) is a British film director. ... Julia Roberts in May 2002. ... John Malkovich at the Grimme Online Award 2005 at Schloss Bensberg. ... Valerie Martin (born 1948, Missouri) is an American novelist and short story writer. ... A maidservant or in current usage maid is a female employed in domestic service. ... Cover from original Broadway recording Jekyll and Hyde is a Broadway musical based on the novel of the same name written by Robert Louis Stevenson. ... A love triangle refers to a romantic relationship involving three people. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... Steven Moffat appearing on Doctor Who Confidential Steven Moffat (born 1961 in Paisley, Scotland, UK) is a British comedy/drama writer who has contributed to television series since the late 1980s. ... James Nesbitt (born January 15, 1965) also known as Jimmy Nesbitt is a Northern Irish actor from Coleraine best known in the United Kingdom for his role in the ITV drama series Cold Feet. ... Hartswood Films is a British television production company, founded and run by the experienced producer Beryl Vertue. ... Viewing Figure History BBC One (or BBC1 as it was formerly styled) is the oldest television station in the world. ...

In popular culture

• Direct examples
  • A Marvel Comics supervillain was named after and based on Mr Hyde (see Mister Hyde (comics)).
  • The character(s) of Jekyll and Hyde appear in Alan Moore's comic book, The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, and the film based on it.
  • The character(s) of Jekyll and Hyde play a minor role in the film, Van Helsing, as well as a substantially larger role in the animated prequel Van Helsing: The London Assignment.

• Motif examples
  • This is a motif which is often applied, for example in the following BBC news report Shadowing the Conservative leader in which the analogy with Jekyll and Hyde is clearly meant "Over the course of our filming we sometimes felt that Michael Howard seemed unsure of the image he wants to project of himself and his party. At times it was the new, touchy-feely Tories, at others – as with immigration and asylum – it was hard-line stuff. A kind of Dr Jekyll and Mr Howard."
  • The Hulk, the powerful and brutishly emotional alter ego of an emotionally repressed scientist who comes forth whenever he experiences extreme emotional stress like anger or terror, is an example of the Jekyll and Hyde motif.
  • The book was the inspiration behind Two-Face, a supervillain Bob Kane created in 1941 to battle Batman.
  • In the Disney cartoon short, Motor Mania, Goofy takes on a Jekyll and Hyde-type split personality when he gets behind the wheel and becomes a demon driver; a menace at the wheel.
  • The Crash Bandicoot character Dr N Brio, the scientist who drinks his potion to become a giant green and powerful monster.
  • The novel and subsequent film of American Psycho by Brett Eastern Ellis shares many thematic qualities to Stevenson's work. The protagonist Patrick Bateman, while on an outward and social level is a respectable, charming and all-together normal twenty-something, is at night, unknown to those who believe they know him, a psychopathic, amoral serial murderer-rapist. The juxtaposition between the two seeming opposites echoes that of Jekyl and Hyde.^{[citation needed]}
  • Fight Club, the novel and movie, share, not thematic, but stylistic elements, with the protagonist and antagonist being revealed to the same person. Thematically though, this differs from Stevenson's novella, as in the normal-blue collar character is shown to be the depressed, emotionally dead one, whereas the amoral Tyler Durden is the fun, charming and more interesting character, not the abominal evil alter-ego of Hyde.^{[citation needed]}
  • Darth Vader / Anakin Skywalker. In his lust for power, the good Anakin is overcome by evil becoming Darth Vadar. The inner conflict between good and evil is explored here in greater detail.^{[citation needed]}

It has been suggested that Felicia (pseudonym) be merged into this article or section. ... Doctor Doom, one of the most archetypal supervillains and his arch-enemies The Fantastic Four (in background). ... Mister Hyde (Calvin Zabo) is a Marvel Comics supervillain. ... Alan Moore Alan Moore (born November 18, 1953, in Northampton, England) is a British writer most famous for his work in comics, including the acclaimed graphic novels, Watchmen, V for Vendetta and From Hell. ... A comic book is a magazine or book containing the art form of comics. ... The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen is a two comic book limited series written by Alan Moore and illustrated by Kevin ONeill, published under the Americas Best Comics imprint of DC Comics. ... Van Helsing is a 2004 action / horror film directed by Stephen Sommers. ... In literature, a motif is any recurring element that has symbolic significance. ... The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is largest the publicly-funded radio and television broadcasting corporation of the United Kingdom (see British television). ... Analogy is either the cognitive process of transferring information from a particular subject (the analogue or source) to another particular subject (the target), or a linguistic expression corresponding to such a process. ... The Rt. ... The term Tory derives from the Tory Party, the ancestor of the modern UK Conservative Party. ... Power lines leading to a trash dump hover just overhead in El Carpio, a Nicaraguan refugee camp in Costa Rica Under international law, a refugee is a person who is outside his/her country of nationality or habitual residence; has a well-founded fear of persecution because of his/her... The Incredible Hulk redirects here. ... The physicist Albert Einstein is probably historys most widely recognized scientist. ... This picture shows an exaggerated expression of stress. ... It has been suggested that Irrational anger be merged into this article or section. ... Terror is a pronounced state of fear, an overwhelming sense of imminent danger. ... Two-Face (Harvey Dent) is a DC Comics supervillain, an enemy of Batman. ... Doctor Doom, one of the most archetypal supervillains and his arch-enemies The Fantastic Four (in background). ... Bob Kane Bob Kane (October 24, 1915 – November 3, 1998) was the co-creator of Batman, although many sources credit Kane as the sole creator of the character. ... For the movie, see 1941 (film) 1941 (MCMXLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1941 calendar). ... The DC Comics superhero Batman (originally and still sometimes referred to as the Batman or the Bat-Man) is a fictional character who some believe first appeared in Frank Fosters 1932 drawings[1], and was later published in Detective Comics #27 in May 1939. ... The Walt Disney Company (most commonly known as Disney) (NYSE: DIS) is one of the largest media and entertainment corporations in the world. ... Motor Mania is a cartoon made by the Walt Disney Company in 1950. ... Goofy Goofy is a fictional character from the Walt Disneys Mickey Mouse universe. ... // Crash Bandicoot, or simply Crash, is a popular video game character created by Naughty Dog, who stars in a video game franchise of the same name. ... American Psycho book cover The novel American Psycho by Bret Easton Ellis is a first person narrative describing episodes in the life of a wealthy young Manhattanite and self-proclaimed serial killer. ... Fight Club (1996) is the first published novel by American author Chuck Palahniuk. ... Darth Vader (41 BBY – 4 ABY) is a fictional character in the Star Wars universe. ... Anakin Skywalker (41 BBY – 4 ABY) is a fictional character in the Star Wars universe. ...

Trivia

• At the time of writing the book, Stevenson was possibly being treated with the fungus ergot at a local hospital. While ergot has been known to induce psychoactive experiences, there is no factual basis that ergot was an influence on Stevenson or the book. Stevenson was a broadly gifted artist, almost every one of his literary works broke ground in a new genre, including the psychological thriller.
• Stevenson's death in 1894, eight years after finishing the story, happened while he was straining to open a bottle of wine in his kitchen. He suddenly exclaimed that his face had changed appearance. Collapsing on the ground, he was dead within six hours of a burst blood vessel in the brain. It remains a curious thematical link between the last episode in Stevenson's life and the transformations he wrote about in his book.
• According to Paul M. Gahlinger, M.D., Ph.D., "Robert Louis Stevenson used cocaine for inspiration, and is said to have written The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde in a single six-day and night binge" (Gahlinger, 2001). If this is based on factual evidence, or is merely speculation, is unclear.
• At Makar's Court in Edinburgh there is a museum dedicated to Stevenson, Robert Burns, and Walter Scott. Among the exhibits is a large chest of drawers, one of the few surviving pieces known to have been made by the notorious Deacon Brodie, a famous citizen of Edinburgh who led a double life as a cabinetmaker by day and a house-breaker by night. This chest was in Stevenson's room when he was young, and bears a strong resemblance to the press in Doctor Jekyll's cabinet.

Species About 50, including: Claviceps africanum Claviceps fusiformis Claviceps paspali Claviceps purpurea Ergot is the common name of a fungus in the genus Claviceps. ... A psychoactive drug or psychotropic substance is a chemical that alters brain function, resulting in temporary changes in perception, mood, consciousness, or behaviour. ... A genre is a division of a particular form of art according to criteria particular to that form. ... Psychology (ancient Greek: psyche = soul and logos = word) is the study of mind, thought, and behaviour. ... It has been suggested that Thriller fiction be merged into this article or section. ... Wine is an alcoholic beverage produced by the fermentation of grapes and grape juice. ... A kitchen is a room used for food preparation. ... The arterial system The blood vessels are part of the circulatory system and function to transport blood throughout the body. ... Comparative brain sizes In animals, the brain, or encephalon (Greek for in the head), is the control center of the central nervous system. ... This article is about the drug Cocaine. ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: Robert Burns Robert Burns, preeminent Scottish poet Robert Burns (January 25, 1759 – July 21, 1796) was a pioneer of the Romantic movement and after his death became an important source of inspiration to the founders of both liberalism and socialism. ... Portrait of Sir Walter Scott, by Sir Edwin Henry Landseer Sir Walter Scott, 1st Baronet (14 August 1771–21 September 1832) was a prolific Scottish historical novelist and poet popular throughout Europe during his time. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with William Brodie. ...

Notes

• Note 1: Stevenson published the book as Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (without "The"), for reasons unknown, but it has been supposed to increase the "strangeness" of the case. Later publishers added "The" to make it grammatically correct, but it was not the author's original intent. The story is often known today simply as Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde or even Jekyll and Hyde.
• Note 2: Stevenson insisted that Jekyll be pronounced JEEK-ull (JĒ-kəl), as this is the correct Scots pronunciation of the name, but JEK-ull (JE-kəl) remains an accepted and common pronunciation.
• Note 3: Stevenson, quoted in Cherie D. Abbey (ed.). Nineteenth Century Literature Criticism: Excerpts From Criticism of the Works of Novelists, Poets, Playwrights, Short Story Writers, and Other Creative Writers Who Lived Between 1800 And 1900, From the First Published Critical Appraisals to Current Evaluations, Volume 14. Detroit: Gale Research Co., 1984.

An author is the person who creates a written work, such as a book, story, article or the like. ... Scots or Lallans (Eng: Lowlands), sometimes called Lowland Scots to distinguish it from the Gaelic language of the Highlands, is a West Germanic language used in Scotland, parts of Northern Ireland, and border areas of the Republic of Ireland, where it is known in official circles as Ulster Scots or... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Literature is literally acquaintance with letters as in the first sense given in the Oxford English Dictionary (from the Latin littera meaning an individual written character (letter)). The term has generally come to identify a collection of texts, which in Western culture are mainly prose, both fiction and non-fiction... A poet exists within a cultural and intellectual tradition and usually writes in a specific language, but the qualities of good poetry are to some extent timeless and address issues common to all humanity. ... A playwright, also known as a dramatist, is someone who writes dramatic literature or drama. ... This article is in need of attention. ... Motto: Speramus Meliora; Resurget Cineribus (We Hope For Better Things; It Shall Rise From the Ashes - this motto was adopted after the disastrous 1805 fire that devastated the city) Nickname: The Motor City and Motown Location in Wayne County, Michigan Founded Incorporated July 24, 1701 1815  County Wayne County Mayor...

References

• Richard Dury. The Robert Louis Stevenson website.
• Richard Dury, ed. (2005). The Annotated Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. ISBN 8875440301 - over 80 pages of introduction material, extensive annotation notes, 40 pages of derivative works and extensive bibliography.
• Paul M. Gahlinger, M.D., Ph.D. (2001). Illegal Drugs: A Complete Guide to their History, Chemistry, Use, and Abuse. Sagebrush Medical Guide. Pg 41. ISBN 0970313012.
• Kathrine Linehan, ed. (2003). Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Norton Critical Edition, contains extensive annotations, contextual essays and criticisms. ISBN 0393974650

Annotation is extra information associated with a particular point in a document or other piece of information. ... An essay is a short work that treats a topic from an authors personal point of view, often taking into account subjective experiences and personal reflections upon them. ... A critic (derived from the ancient Greek word krites meaning a judge) is a person who offers a value judgement or an interpretation. ...

External links

• The Annotated 'Strange Case Of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde', an annotated version at Wikisource.
• The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, available for free via Project Gutenberg ver.1
• The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, available for free via Project Gutenberg ver.2