U.S. Army Combatives instructor Matt Larsen uses a chokehold to strangle an opponent in hand to hand combat training.

The neck contains several vulnerable targets for compression including the carotid arteries and jugular veins.

A garrote is a specially designed ligature strangulation device for execution.

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Strangulation redirects here. For strangulation in medicine, see Strangulating.

Strangling is compression of the neck that leads to unconsciousness or death by causing an increasingly hypoxic state in the brain.^[1] Fatal strangling typically occurs in cases of violence, accidents, and as the mechanism of suicide in hangings. Strangling does not have to be fatal; limited or interrupted strangling is practiced in erotic asphyxia, in the choking game, and is an important technique and in many combat sports and self-defense systems (see Chokehold for further reading). Image File history File links ArmyMilCombativesChokehold. ... Image File history File links ArmyMilCombativesChokehold. ... The lateral vascular neck restraint is a very potent chokehold. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Close Quarters Combat. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (600x864, 203 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Hyoid bone Subclavian artery Strangling External carotid artery Internal carotid artery Wikipedia:Grays Anatomy images with missing... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (600x864, 203 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Hyoid bone Subclavian artery Strangling External carotid artery Internal carotid artery Wikipedia:Grays Anatomy images with missing... The carotid artery is a major artery of the head and neck that supplies blood to the head and neck. ... Jugular vein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Download high resolution version (593x640, 40 KB)Execution by garrote at Bilibid prison, Manila, The Phillippines. ... Download high resolution version (593x640, 40 KB)Execution by garrote at Bilibid prison, Manila, The Phillippines. ... A garrote (a Spanish word; alternative spellings include garotte and garrotte) is a handheld weapon, most often referring to a ligature of chain, rope, scarf, or wire used to strangle someone to death. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wiktionary (a portmanteau of wiki and dictionary) is a multilingual, Web-based project to create a free content dictionary, available in over 150 languages. ... medicines, see Medication. ... Unconsciousness is the absence of consciousness. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Hypoxia is a pathological condition in which the body as a whole (generalised hypoxia) or region of the body (tissue hypoxia) is deprived of adequate oxygen supply. ... Hanging is the suspension of a person by a ligature, usually a cord wrapped around the neck, causing death. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Breathplay. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... A combat sport is a competitive sport involving the use of punch, kick, throw, joint locks, and/or a weapon for attack and defence. ... Self defense refers to actions taken by a person to defend onself, ones property or ones home. ... The lateral vascular neck restraint is a very potent chokehold. ...

Strangling can be divided into three general types according to the mechanism used:^[2]

• Hanging — Suspension from a cord wound around the neck (see the separate article Hanging)
• Ligature strangulation — Strangulation without suspension using some form of cord-like object
• Manual strangulation — Strangulation using the fingers or other extremity

Hanging is the suspension of a person by a ligature, usually a cord wrapped around the neck, causing death. ...

General

Strangling involves one or several mechanisms that interfere with the normal flow of oxygen into the brain:^[3] General Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series nonmetals, chalcogens Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless (gas) very pale blue (liquid) Standard atomic weight 15. ...

• Compression of the carotid arteries and jugular veins — causing cerebral ischemia.
• Compression of the laryngopharynx, larynx, or trachea — causing asphyxia.
• Stimulation of the carotid sinus reflex — causing brachycardia, hypotension, or both.

Depending on the particular method of strangling, one or several of these typically occur in combination, but vascular obstruction is usually the main mechanism.^[4] Complete obstruction of blood flow to the brain is associated with irreversible neurological damage and death,^[5] but during strangulation there is still unimpeded blood flow in the vertebral arteries.^[6] Estimations have been made that significant occlusion of the carotid arteries and jugular veins occurs with a pressure of around 3.4 N/cm², while the trachea demands six times more at approximately 22 N/cm².^[7] As in all cases of strangulation, the rapidity of death can be affected by the susceptibility to carotid sinus stimulation.^[4] Carotid sinus reflex death is sometimes considered a mechanism of death in cases of strangulation, but it remains highly disputed.^[3][8] The reported time from application to unconsciousness varies from 7-14 seconds if effectively applied. chokeholds^[9] to one minute in some other cases, with death occurring minutes after unconsciousness.^[3] The carotid artery is a major artery of the head and neck that supplies blood to the head and neck. ... Jugular vein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Cerebral ischemia is an ischemic condition where the brain or parts of the brain do not receive enough blood flow to maintain normal neurological function. ... The pharynx is the part of the digestive system of many animals immediately behind the mouth and in front of the esophagus. ... The larynx (plural larynges), colloquially known as the voicebox, is an organ in the neck of mammals involved in protection of the trachea and sound production. ... The trachea, or windpipe, is a tube that has an inner diameter of about 12mm and a length of about 10-16cm. ... Suffocation redirects here, for the band, see Suffocation (band). ... Arteries of the neck. ... Bradycardia, as applied in adult medicine, is defined as a heart rate of under 60 beats per minute (BPM), though it is seldom symptomatic until the rate drops below 50 bpm [1]. It is also less commonly known as brachycardia. ... In physiology and medicine, hypotension refers to an abnormally low blood pressure. ... Cerebral ischemia is an ischemic condition where the brain or parts of the brain do not receive enough blood flow to maintain normal neurological function. ... Brain damage or brain injury is the destruction or degeneration of brain cells. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The vertebral arteries are branches of the subclavian arteries. ... The carotid artery is a major artery of the head and neck that supplies blood to the head and neck. ... Jugular vein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... The trachea, or windpipe, is a tube that has an inner diameter of about 12mm and a length of about 10-16cm. ... Arteries of the neck. ... Arteries of the neck. ... Unconsciousness is the absence of consciousness. ... The lateral vascular neck restraint is a very potent chokehold. ...

Manual strangulation

Manual strangulation (called throttling in the UK) refers to strangling with the hands, fingers, or other extremities (sometimes also with blunt objects such as batons). In violence, this type of strangling is mostly done by men against women rather than against another man, because it generally requires a large disparity in physical strength between the assailant and the victim and also because men can be over twice as big as a woman in general.^[3] Depending on how the strangling is performed, it may compress the airway, interfere with the flow of blood in the neck, or work as a combination of the two. Consequently, manual strangulation may damage the larynx,^[3], and fracture the hyoid or other bones in the neck.^[4] In cases of airway compression, manual strangling leads to the frightening sensation of air hunger and may induce violent struggling.^[3] More technical variants of manual strangulation are referred to as chokeholds, and are extensively practised and used in various martial arts, combat sports, self-defense systems, and in military hand-to-hand combat application. A club, cudgel, baton, truncheon, night stick, or bludgeon is among the simplest of all weapons. ... The airways are those parts of the respiratory system through which air flows, to get from the external environment to the alveoli. ... The larynx (plural larynges), colloquially known as the voicebox, is an organ in the neck of mammals involved in protection of the trachea and sound production. ... The hyoid bone (Os Hyoideum; Lingual Bone) is a bone in the human neck, not articulated to any other bone; it is supported by the muscles of the neck and in turn supports the root of the tongue. ... Air hunger is the sensation of the urge to breathe. ... The lateral vascular neck restraint is a very potent chokehold. ... Hawaiian State Grappling Championships. ... A combat sport is a competitive sport involving the use of punch, kick, throw, joint locks, and/or a weapon for attack and defence. ... Self defense refers to actions taken by a person to defend onself, ones property or ones home. ... Melée generally means hand-to-hand combat or mano-a-mano. ...

It is a mistake to refer to strangulation as "choke" or "choking". Choke means having the windpipe blocked entirely or partly by some foreign object like food.

Ligature strangulation

Ligature strangulation refers to strangling with some form of cord or cloth such as rope, wire, or shoe laces, either partially or fully circumferencing the neck.^[10] Even though the mechanism of strangulation is similar, it is usually distinguished from hanging by the strangling force being something other than the person's own bodyweight.^[4] Incomplete occlusion of the carotid arteries is expected, and in cases of homicide, the victim may struggle for a period of time,^[4] with unconsciousness typically occurring in 10 to 15 seconds.^[10] Cases of ligature strangulation generally involve homicides of women, children, and the elderly,^[4] but accidents and suicides occur as well.^[11] Suicide by ligature strangulation requires that the constriction around the neck be held even after loss of consciousness,^[4] which can be accomplished with complicated knots.^[3] Hanging is the suspension of a person by a ligature, usually a cord wrapped around the neck, causing death. ... The carotid artery is a major artery of the head and neck that supplies blood to the head and neck. ... Homicide (Latin homicidium, homo human being + caedere to cut, kill) refers to the act of killing another human being. ...

Strangulation in popular culture

Strangulation has been a common theme in literature and films, especially in murder mysteries and horror films. It is usually a minor character that gets killed off in this manner. DVD cover showing horror characters as depicted by Universal Studios. ...

In The Simpsons, when Homer finds out that his son, Bart has done or said something wrong or stupid, he yells, "Why you little—!" and strangles him in anger. Sometimes he does it for little to no reason at all. Simpsons redirects here. ... Homer Jay Simpson is a fictional character in the animated television series The Simpsons, voiced by Dan Castellaneta. ... Bart and his sister Lisa as news anchors. ...

In some of the Star Wars movies, the primary antagonist, Darth Vader, manually strangles his victims or uses The Force to do it with his mind. Star Wars is an epic science fantasy saga and fictional universe created by George Lucas during the late 1970s. ... Darth Vader is a fictional character in the Star Wars universe. ... The Force is a binding, ubiquitous power that is the object of the Jedi and Sith monastic orders in the Star Wars universe. ...

Two notable strangulations occur in The Godfather: The Godfather is a 1972 crime film based on the novel of the same name by Mario Puzo and directed by Francis Ford Coppola, with screenplay by Puzo and Coppola. ...

1. Early in the novel, shortly before Don Vito Corleone is attacked in front of his office, Luca Brasi visits Bruno Tattaglia and Sollozzo in a Tattaglia nightclub. Tattaglia distracts him with a drink and a cigarette, and Solozzo pins Brasi's hand to the bar with a knife, then an unidentified murderer slips a garotte around Brasi's neck and pulls it tight.
2. Near the end, after the climactic baptism scene with its multiple assassinations, Michael Corleone gives Carlo Rizzi a plane ticket and tells him to take a ride to the airport. After Carlo gets into the front seat, Peter Clemenza, in the back seat, says "Hello, Carlo," slips a garotte around his neck, and strangles him.

In both cases, Puzo notes the excretory consequences of strangulation: he states that "the sphincter" released "the body's waste" but does not specify which sphincter or what kind of waste. The movie omits this ugly detail and instead has Brasi's grimace and Rizzi kick through the windshield. Vito Corleone (December 7, 1891 – June 25, 1955), born Vito Andolini, aka The Godfather or The Don, is a fictional character in Mario Puzos novel The Godfather, as well as Francis Ford Coppolas trilogy of films based on it. ... Luca Brasi (1906-1945) is a character in Mario Puzos novel The Godfather, as well as its 1972 film adaptation (portrayed by Lenny Montana). ... Bruno Tattaglia (1913-1947) is a fictional character appearing in Mario Puzos novel The Godfather and the first installment of the The Godfather trilogy of films. ... Virgil The Turk Sollozzo is a fictional character in Mario Puzos The Godfather. ... A garrote (alternative spellings include garotte and garrotte) is a handheld weapon, most often referring to a ligature of chain, rope, or wire used to strangle someone to death. ... Baptism in early Christian art. ... Michael Corleone (December 25, 1920 – December 29, 1997) is a fictional character in Mario Puzos novels, The Godfather and The Sicilian. ... Carlo Rizzi is a fictional a character in Mario Puzos The Godfather. ... Peter Clemenza is a fictional character appearing in Mario Puzos novel The Godfather and two of the three films based on it. ...

In the Jack The Ripper based 2001 film, From Hell, John Netely is killed by a garotte near the end of the movie, by one of his former cult colleagues. Jack the Ripper is the pseudonym given to an unidentified serial killer active in the largely impoverished Whitechapel area of London, England in the second half of 1888. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... From Hell is a graphic novel by writer Alan Moore and artist Eddie Campbell speculating upon the identity and motives of Jack the Ripper. ... This article does not discuss cult in its original sense of religious practice; for that usage see Cult (religious practice). ...

See also

• Choking game
• Asphyxia
• Chokehold
• Hanging
• Thuggee

This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Suffocation redirects here, for the band, see Suffocation (band). ... The lateral vascular neck restraint is a very potent chokehold. ... Hanging is the suspension of a person by a ligature, usually a cord wrapped around the neck, causing death. ... A drawing of Thug Prisoners published by Illustrated London News, C. 1857 Thuggee (or tuggee) (from Hindi ‘thief’, from Sanskrit ‘scoundrel’, from ‘to conceal’) was an Indian network of secret fraternities who were engaged in murdering and robbing travellers, operating from the 17th century (possibly as early as 13th century...

References