The standard streams for input, output, and error

In computing, the term stream is used in a number of ways, in all cases referring to a succession of data elements made available over time. The primary meaning of stream is a body of water, confined within a bed and banks and having a detectable current. ... Image File history File links Stdstreams-notitle. ... Image File history File links Stdstreams-notitle. ...

• On Unix and related systems based on the C programming language, a stream is a source or sink of data, usually individual bytes or characters. Streams are an abstraction used when reading or writing files, or communicating over network sockets. The standard streams are three streams made available to all programs.
• Pipelines can also be understood as streams as well as any unlimited (non-packaged) information that is inserted by a device.
• In the Scheme programming language and some others, a stream is a lazily evaluated or delayed sequence of data elements. A stream can be used similarly to a list, but later elements are only calculated when needed. Streams can therefore represent infinite sequences and series. [1]
• Stream processing — in parallel processing, especially in graphic processing, the term stream is applied to hardware as well as software. There it defines the quasi-continuous flow of data which is processed in a dataflow programming language as soon as the program state meets the starting condition of the stream. Hence the pure hardware description of a stream computer is explained in HiDISC - Hierarchical Decoupled Instruction Stream Computer
• Filesystems can store multiple named independent streams against a single filename. There is one main stream which makes up the normal file data. Additional streams can be used to store icons, summary and indexing information, zone information (i.e., where the file was downloaded from) etc. Microsoft's API is explained at MSDN
• Any other continuous flow of data may also be a stream, e.g., a stock ticker or the intercepted traffic of a numbers station can be considered to be a stream, regardless of of the nature of the data source.
• Streams (networking API)

Filiation of Unix and Unix-like systems Unix (officially trademarked as UNIX®) is a computer operating system originally developed in 1969 by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs including Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie and Douglas McIlroy. ... C is a general-purpose, block structured, procedural, imperative computer programming language developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie at the Bell Telephone Laboratories for use with the Unix operating system. ... The standard streams for input, output, and error The standard streams are preconnected input or output channels between a computer program and its environment (typically a text terminal) when it begins execution. ... Scheme is a multi-paradigm programming language. ... In computer programming, lazy evaluation is a technique that attempts to delay computation of expressions until the results of the computation are known to be needed. ... In mathematics, a sequence is a list of objects (or events) arranged in a linear fashion, such that the order of the members is well defined and significant. ... In mathematics, a series is often represented as the sum of a sequence of terms. ... It has been suggested that GPGPU be merged into this article or section. ... Parallel computing is the simultaneous execution of the same task (split up and specially adapted) on multiple processors in order to obtain results faster. ... For other uses, see Hardware (disambiguation). ... Computer software (or simply software) refers to one or more computer programs and data held in the storage of a computer for some purpose. ... In computer programming, dataflow programming implements dataflow principles and architecture, and models a program, conceptually if not physically, as a directed graph of the data flowing between operations. ... One of the key concepts in computer programming is the idea of state, essentially a snapshot of the measure of various conditions in the system. ... In computer file systems, a fork is additional data associated with a file system object. ... The board and equipment for Stock Ticker Stock Ticker is a now out of print board game that was popular upon its release and is still played today. ... Numbers stations are shortwave radio stations of uncertain origin. ... STREAMS is the Unix System V networking architecture, which is an alternative to the Berkeley sockets API, although all modern systems that provide STREAMS provide sockets as well. ...

See also

• Bit stream
• Byte stream
• Streaming media

A bitstream or bit stream is a time series of bits. ... A byte stream is an abstraction used in computer science to describe a particular kind of communication channel between two entities. ... Streaming media is multimedia that is continuously received by, and normally displayed to, the end-user while it is being delivered by the provider. ...

External links

• The GPU as a stream computer
• An Approximate L1-Difference Algorithm for Massive Data Streams, 1995 Feigenbaum et al.