A streamliner is any vehicle that incorporates streamlining to produce a shape that provides less resistance to air, and is more pleasing to the eye. The term is usually applied to trains, mostly the high-speed trainsets designed in the United States in the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s, as well as successor "bullet trains" incorporating some of the same ideas in Europe and Japan. Less commonly, the term is applied to fully faired recumbent bicycles. In the past, it was also applied to cars but as a result of the push to increase fuel economy, essentially all cars are now streamlined. In land speed racing, it is a term applied to the long, slender, high-speed vehicles with enclosed wheels. In fluid dynamics, a streamline is a line which is everywhere tangent to the velocity of the flow. ... For a solid object moving through a fluid or gas, drag is the sum of all the aerodynamic or hydrodynamic forces in the direction of the external fluid flow. ... The human eye. ... A typical North American steam train In rail transport, a train consists of rail vehicles that move along guides to transport freight or passengers from one place to another. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The 1940s decade ran from 1940 to 1949. ... The 1950s was the decade spanning from the 1st of January, 1950 to the 31st December, 1959. ... TGV R seau class, Marseille St-Charles station This page is about high speed rail in general. ... World map showing Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of the Earth. ... Tandem recumbent bicycle manufactured by BikeE Two short-wheelbase recumbents in an amateur HPV race A recumbent bicycle is a variety of bicycle which places the rider in a seated or supine position (rarely, in a prone position). ... Fuel economy is the amount of fuel required to move a vehicle over a given distance. ... Ralph DePalma in his Packard 905 Special at Daytona Beach in 1919, courtesy Florida Photographic Collection The land speed record is the fastest speed achieved by a vehicle on land, as opposed to one on water or in the air. ...

Streamlined trainsets

Streamliner until WWII

The first high speed streamliner in Germany was the "Schienenzeppelin", an experimental propeller driven single car, built 1930. On June 21, 1931 it set a speed record of 230.2 kph on a run between Berlin and Hamburg. In 1932 the propeller was removed and a hydraulic system installed. After that, the Schienenzeppelin made 180 kph in 1933. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Rail zeppelin. ... June 21 is the 172nd day of the year (173rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 193 days remaining. ... Year 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1931 calendar). ... Berlin is the capital city and one of the sixteen states of the Federal Republic of Germany. ... Hamburgs motto: May the posterity endeavour with dignity to conserve the freedom, which the forefathers acquired. ... Year 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ...

DRG Class SVT 137 Flying Hamburger at Leipzig main station

The Schienenzeppelin led to the construction of the diesel-electric DRG Class SVT 877 "Flying Hamburger". This 2 car train set had 98 places and a top speed of 160 kph. During regular service starting May 15th, 1933, this train ran the 286 km distance between Hamburg and Berlin in 138 minutes with an average speed of 124.4 kph. The SVT 877 was the prototype for the DRG Class SVT 137, first built in 1935 for use in the FDt express train service. During test drives, the SVT 137 "Bauart Leipzig" set a world speed record of 205 kph in 1936. The fastest regular service with SVT 137 was between Hannover and Hamm with an average speed of 132.2 kph. This service lasted until August 22, 1939. Image File history File links Drg_svt_137_225. ... Image File history File links Drg_svt_137_225. ... A number of vehicles use a diesel-electric powerplant for providing locomotion. ... The DRG Class SVT 877 Flying Hamburger - or in German Fliegender Hamburger - was Germanys first fast diesel trainset; and it is credited with establishing the then-time fastest regular railway connection worldwide. ... The DRG Class SVT 137 was a class of streamlined diesel train sets of the Deutsche Reichsbahn Gesellschaft and later of the Deutsche Bundesbahn (as class VT 04) and the Deutsche Reichsbahn. ... Map of Germany showing Hanover Hanover (in German: Hannover [haˈnoːfɐ]), on the river Leine, is the capital of the state of Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen), Germany. ... Map of Germany showing Hamm Hamm is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. ... August 22 is the 234th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (235th in leap years), with 131 days remaining. ...

In the United Kingdom development of streamlined passenger services began in 1934 with the Great Western Railway introducing relatively low speed streamlined railcar and the London and North Eastern Railway introducing the 'Silver Jubilee' service using streamlined steam locomotives and full length trains rather than railcars. In 1938 on a test run the locomotive Mallard built for this service broke the record for the fastest steam locomotive reaching 125miles/hr (201 km/h). The London Midland and Scottish Railway introduced streamline locomotives of the LMS Princess Coronation class shortly before the outbreak of war. The original Bristol Temple Meads station, first terminus of the GWR, is the building to the left of this picture The Great Western Railway (GWR) was a British railway company, linking South West England, the West Country and South Wales with London. ... Not to be confused with Railroad car A railcar is a self-propelled rail vehicle designed to transport passengers. ... LNER timetable for Autumn 1926 detailing the resumption of services after the General Strike. ... Number 4468 Mallard is a London and North Eastern Railway Class A4 4-6-2 Pacific steam locomotive built in the 1930s by the LNER and designed by Sir Nigel Gresley in Doncaster, England. ... The London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS1) was a British railway company. ... The coronation of Empress Farah, of Iran in 1967. ...

Italian railway FS developed the FS Class ETR 200, a three unit electric streamliner. The development started in 1934. These trains went into service in 1937. On December 6, 1937 a ETR 200 made a top speed of 201 km/h between Campoleone and Cisterna on the run Rome-Naples. In 1939 the ETR 212 even made 203 km/h. The 219 km from Bologna to Milan were made in 77 minutes, meaning an average of 171 km/h. FS may stand for: Fall semester Ferrocarril de Sóller, a railway on Majorca Ferrovie dello Stato, the Italian railways File Separator, a character in the C0 control code set file system, in computer science Financial statements, in accounting Fin-stabilized projectiles, such as APFSDS or HEAT-FS (ammunition for... 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...

In The Netherlands Nederlandse Spoorwegen introduced the Materieel 34 (DE3) a three unit 140 km/h streamlined diesel-electric trainset in 1934. An electric version, Materieel 36 went into service in 1936. From 1940 the "Dieselfijv" (DE5), a 160 km/h top speed five unit diesel-electric trainset based on DE3, completed the dutch streamliner fleet. During test runs, a DE5 ran 175 km/h. In the same year the similar electric Materieel 40 were first built. Motto: Je Maintiendrai (Dutch: Ik zal handhaven, English: I Shall Uphold) Anthem: Wilhelmus van Nassouwe Capital Amsterdam1 Largest city Amsterdam Official language(s) Dutch2 Government Parliamentary democracy Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Beatrix  - Prime minister Jan Peter Balkenende Independence Eighty Years War   - Declared July 26, 1581   - Recognised January 30, 1648 (by Spain... // Introduction Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS) is the main public transport railway company in the Netherlands. ...

The Burlington Zephyr in April, 1934.

Two early American streamliners were the Union Pacific M-10000 (also known as Little Zip and later renamed The City of Salina) and the Burlington Zephyr. Design of the Zephyr (later named the Pioneer Zephyr to distinguish it) started first, although the train took longer to build because of a more advanced design incorporating a diesel-electric power system, while the M-10000 ran on distillate, a fuel similar to kerosene. These trains were much lighter than the common engines and passenger cars of the day, as they were constructed using stainless steel. Both trains were star attractions at the 1933–34 World's Fair ("A Century of Progress") in Chicago, Illinois. Burlington Zephyr, April 1934. ... Burlington Zephyr, April 1934. ... The Union Pacific Railroad (NYSE: UNP) is the largest railroad in the United States. ... Union Pacifics M-10000 streamliner leaves Kansas City, Missouri in 1936. ... The Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad (AAR reporting mark CBQ) was a railroad that operated in the Midwestern United States. ... The Pioneer Zephyr as it appeared in 1934. ... A number of vehicles use a diesel-electric powerplant for providing locomotion. ... The 630 foot high, stainless-clad (type 304) Gateway Arch defines St. ... Year 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... A Worlds Fair is any of various large expositions held since the mid-19th century. ... A 1933 Century of Progress worlds fair poster The Century of Progress Exposition was a worlds fair held in Chicago, Illinois from 1933-1934 to celebrate Chicagos centennial. ... Flag Seal Nickname: The Windy City Motto: Urbs In Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location Location in Chicagoland and northern Illinois Coordinates , Government Country State Counties United States Illinois Cook, DuPage Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 606. ...

On May 26, 1934, the Zephyr made a record-breaking "Dawn to Dusk" run from Denver, Colorado to Chicago. The train covered the distance in 13 hours, reaching a top speed of 112.5 miles per hour (181.1 km/h) and running an average speed of 77.6 mph (124.9 km/h). The fuel cost for the run was US$14.64 (a mere 4¢ per gallon—if a similar run was made in 2004, it would cost more like $550-650.) May 26 is the 146th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (147th in leap years). ... 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Nickname: The Mile-High City Location of Denver in Colorado Coordinates: Country United States State Colorado City-County Denver (coextensive) Founded November 22, 1858 Incorporated November 7, 1861 Mayor John Hickenlooper (D) Area    - City 401. ... ISO 4217 Code USD User(s) the United States, the British Virgin Islands, East Timor, Ecuador, El Salvador, the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Panama, Turks and Caicos Islands, and the insular areas of the United States Inflation 3. ... A two-cent euro coin A United States penny, or 1¢ In currency, the cent is a monetary unit that equals 1/100 of the basic unit of value. ... The gallon (abbreviation: gal) is an English unit of volume. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

For a short time in the late 1930s, the ten fastest trains in the world were American streamliners.

A variety of Zephyrs were eventually built for Burlington by the Budd Company. After the Pioneer Zephyr, two Twin Cities Zephyrs of the same design briefly served the link between Chicago and the Twin Cities. As a public relations gimmick, the two trains first headed to Minnesota on parallel tracks while loaded with, naturally, twins. Within a few years, they were replaced by other trains of a slightly different design and the original twin trains went on to serve elsewhere on the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad. The Budd Company (now ThyssenKrupp Budd) is a metal fabricator and major supplier of body components to the automobile industry. ... A map of the Twin Cities metropolitan area. ... Wikibooks has more about this subject: Marketing Public relations (PR) is the art of managing communication between an organization and its key publics to build, manage and sustain a positive image. ... Capital Saint Paul Largest city Minneapolis Area  Ranked 12th  - Total 87,014 sq mi (225,365 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 400 miles (645 km)  - % water 8. ... Fraternal twin boys bathing Twins in animal biology is a case of multiple birth in which the mother gives birth to two offspring from the same pregnancy. ... The Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad (AAR reporting mark CBQ) was a railroad that operated in the Midwestern United States. ...

The success of the visual styling of the stainless steel locomotives did not go unnoticed by fans of steam-powered engines. Many steam locomotives were also streamlined during this time to attract passengers, although the streamlining was less effective in improving efficiency for those engines than it was in making a visual statement. Nonetheless, some of these steam locomotives still became very fast—some were said to exceed 120 miles per hour on a fairly regular basis around this time.

Streamliners post WWII

USA

Streamliners and successor high-speed train systems largely disappeared in the United States due to the increasing popularity of the automobile and airline travel. Government regulations forced all railroads to continue to operate passenger-carrying rail service, even on long routes where, the railroads argue, it was almost impossible to make a profit. Many argue that these regulations and the government's heavy support of highway-building projects exacerbated the problem. Since 1971, the majority of passenger rail systems in the United States have been operated by Amtrak. Faster Acela Express trains have been introduced in the Boston to Washington DC Northeast Corridor. Many areas around the United States have been considering construction of new high-speed lines, but rail travel is much less common in the United States than in Europe or Japan. Car redirects here. ... A Boeing 747-400 of Virgin Atlantic Airways An airline provides air transport services for passengers or freight. ... Category: ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1971 calendar). ... Acela Express in West Windsor, NJ Amtrak Cascades service with tilting Talgo trainsets in Seattle, Washington Amtrak train in downtown Orlando, Florida Amtrak (AAR reporting marks AMTK and AMTZ) is the brand name of the National Railroad Passenger Corporation, created on May 1, 1971 as the United States intercity passenger... Acela Express (often called simply Acela, leading to early confusion with the Acela Regional and Acela Commuter) is the name used by Amtrak for the high-speed tilting train service operating between Washington, D.C. and Boston via New York City and Philadelphia along the Northeast Corridor (NEC) in the... Nickname: City on the Hill, Beantown, The Hub (of the Universe)1, Athens of America, The Cradle of Revolution, Puritan City, Americas Walking City Location in Massachusetts, USA Counties Suffolk County Mayor Thomas M. Menino(D) Area    - City 232. ... Flag Seal Nickname: DC, The District Motto: Justitia Omnibus (Justice for All) Location Location of Washington, D.C., with regard to the surrounding states of Maryland and Virginia. ... Most of the NEC is owned by Amtrak (those sections shown in red). ...

After 26 years of service and traveling over 3 million miles, the Pioneer Zephyr took up residence at Chicago's Museum of Science and Industry. The M-10000 unfortunately found its way to the scrap heap, along with many other early trainsets. Some have survived, though. The Flying Yankee, the third streamliner to be completed, is currently undergoing restoration to operational condition. Its design is only slightly different to the first Zephyr. The Museum of Science and Industry is housed in the only surviving building from the 1893 World Columbian Exposition and is a National Historic Landmark. ... The Flying Yankee at Portland, Maine in 1937. ...

Europe

In Europe the streamliner tradition gained new life after the Second World War. In Germany, the DRG Class SVT 137 were used again, but at lower speed. Based on the Kruckenberg SVT 137 the famous DB Class VT 11.5 was used as "Trans Europ Express (TEE)" for international high speed trains. In the GDR the DR Class VT 18.6 was built for international express service also. The DRG Class SVT 137 was a class of streamlined diesel train sets of the Deutsche Reichsbahn Gesellschaft and later of the Deutsche Bundesbahn (as class VT 04) and the Deutsche Reichsbahn. ... Franz Friedrich Kruckenberg (* August 21, 1882 in Uetersen, Germany; † June 19, 1965 in Heidelberg) was a engineer and pioneer of high speed railway systems. ... The trainsets of Class VT 11. ... The Trans Europ Express is a former international train network in Europe. ... Disambiguation Page Global Depositary Receipt East Germany ...

The swiss SBB and the dutch NS developed the RAm TEE (dutch: DE) for the routes Zurich-Amsterdam and Amsterdam-Bruxelles-Paris. These trains were sold in 1977 to the canadian Ontario Northland Railway (ONR) and served on the line Toronto–Moosonee as the Northlander. From 1961 SBB used the SBB RAe TEE II, a four system electric streamlined trainset for the TEE service. SBB (first know as Silesian Blues Band, later as Szukaj, Burz, Buduj – Polish for Search, Break up, Build) Polish rock band formed in 1971 in Siemianowice by Józef Skrzek, Polish multi-instrumentalist and vocalist. ... NS as an abbreviation can mean: In World of Warcraft: NS is a dwarf paladin on the Zuluhed Server. ... Location within Switzerland   Zürich[?] (German pronunciation IPA: ; usually spelled Zurich in English) is the largest city in Switzerland (population: 366,145 in 2004; population of urban area: 1,091,732) and capital of the canton of Zürich. ... Amsterdam Location Flag Country Netherlands Province North Holland Population 741,329 (1 August 2006) Demonym Amsterdammer Coordinates Website www. ... For other uses, see Brussels (disambiguation). ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country France Region ÃŽle-de-France Department Paris (75) Subdivisions 20 arrondissements Mayor Bertrand Delanoë  (PS) (since 2001) City Statistics Land area¹ 86. ... A pair of Ontario Northland diesels work in Hearst, in 2003. ... Moosonee, Ontario, Canada, is the railhead on James Bay of the Ontario Northland Railway where goods are transferred to barges and aircraft for transport to more northerly communities. ... 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1961 calendar). ...

Italy also made use of the pre war trains and FS developed new trains like the FS Class ETR 300, FS Class ETR 401, ETR 450 (Pendolino) and ETR 500. The Ferrovie dello Stato [State Railways] or FS is the operator of the Italian railway network. ... ETR 450 (ElettroTreno 450) was the first Italian tilting train (also called Pendolino). ... ETR 500 ETR-500 (ElettroTreno 500) is the Italian high-speed train, introduced in 1993. ...

Specific trainsets

Italy

• ETR200
• ETR220 Polifemo and Valentino
• ETR220 Arlecchino
• ETR300 Settebello
• ETR 450
• ETR 500

ETR 450 (ElettroTreno 450) was the first Italian tilting train (also called Pendolino). ... ETR 500 ETR-500 (ElettroTreno 500) is the Italian high-speed train, introduced in 1993. ...

United Kingdom

• Advanced Passenger Train
• Blue Pullman
• GWR railcars
• High Speed Train
• InterCity 225

The Advanced Passenger Train (APT) was an unsuccesful prototype tilting train developed by British Rail during the 1970s and early 1980s. ... The British Rail Class 251, more commonly known as the Blue Pullman units, were diesel-electric multiple units built by the Pullman Car Company in 1960. ... In 1933, the Great Western Railway introduced the first of what was to become a very successful series of railcars, which survived in regular use into the 1960s, when they were replaced with the new British Rail First Generation type Diesel multiple units. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Class 91/1, no. ...

Germany

• DRG Class SVT 877 Flying Hamburger
• DRG Class SVT 137
• DB Class VT 11.5 TEE

The DRG Class SVT 877 Flying Hamburger - or in German Fliegender Hamburger - was Germanys first fast diesel trainset; and it is credited with establishing the then-time fastest regular railway connection worldwide. ... The DRG Class SVT 137 was a class of streamlined diesel train sets of the Deutsche Reichsbahn Gesellschaft and later of the Deutsche Bundesbahn (as class VT 04) and the Deutsche Reichsbahn. ... The trainsets of Class VT 11. ...

USA

Chicago, Burlington & Quincy:

• Pioneer Zephyr (No. 9900)
• Sam Houston Zephyr (originally a Twin Cities Zephyr, No. 9901)
• Texas Rocket
• Mark Twain Zephyr (No. 9903)
• Twin Cities Zephyrs (second pair with the name, Nos. 9904 & 9905)
• Texas Zephyrs (originally the first pair of Denver Zephyrs, Nos. 9906 & 9907)
• General Pershing Zephyr (No. 9908)

Illinois Central: The Pioneer Zephyr as it appeared in 1934. ... The Mark Twain Zephyr was an early articulated trainset that was similar to the Pioneer Zephyr in style. ... The General Pershing Zephyr in 1939 near Denver, Colorado. ...

• Green Diamond

Union Pacific: The Green Diamond leaving St. ...

• M-10000
• M-10001
• M-10002
• M-10003 through M-10007

Boston and Maine / Maine Central Union Pacifics M-10000 streamliner leaves Kansas City, Missouri in 1936. ... The M-10001 during its record-breaking coast-to-coast run at Cheyenne, Wyoming in 1934. ... The M-10002 at Cheyenne, Wyoming. ... The M-10004 at Denver, Colorado, 1938. ...

• Flying Yankee (No. 6000)

Milwaukee Road The Flying Yankee at Portland, Maine in 1937. ...

• Olympian Hiawatha

New York, New Haven and Hartford Olympian Hiawatha was a named passenger train operated by the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. ...

• Comet

Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific The Comet at Providence, Rhode Island in 1937. ...

• Texas Rocket
• Rocky Mountain Rocket

Pennsylvania The Rocky Mountain Rocket was a streamliner passenger train of the Chicago, Rock Island, and Pacific Railroad. ...

• GG1 (electric; the ancestor of current high-speed electric trains)

The Pennsylvania Railroads GG1 class of electric locomotives were built between 1934 to 1943 at the PRR shops in Altoona, Pennsylvania, with a total of 139 units constructed. ... Japanese Shinkansen trains began the development of modern high-speed railways (shown here: West Japan Railway Company 500 Series Shinkansen at Kyoto) French-Belgian-German-Dutch Thalys trains at Paris Gare du Nord station High-speed rail is public transport by rail at speeds in excess of 200 km/h...

External links

• Pioneer Zephyr at the Chicago Museum of Science and Industry.
• The Lost Promise of the American Railroad. The Wilson Quarterly (on the Internet Archive)
• Streamlined Transportation in the Art Deco Era' Streamlining in the Cars, Trains and Planes of the 1930's.

Internet Archive headquarters. ...

References

• Streamliners: America's Lost Trains – The American Experience