? Strepsirrhines
Verreaux's Sifaka (Propithecus verreauxi)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Suborder: Strepsirrhini E. Geoffroy, 1812
Families
Cheirogaleidae Lemuridae Lepilemuridae Indridae Daubentoniidae (Aye-aye) Lorisidae Galagidae Jump to: navigation, search Image File history File links Verreauxs_Sifaka_Lemur. ... Binomial name Propithecus verreauxi A. Grandidier, 1867 Categories: Mammal stubs | Prosimians ... Jump to: navigation, search Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... Jump to: navigation, search Phyla Porifera (sponges) Ctenophora (comb jellies) Cnidaria Placozoa Subregnum Bilateria  Acoelomorpha  Orthonectida  Rhombozoa  Myxozoa  Superphylum Deuterostomia     Chordata (vertebrates, etc. ... Typical Classes Subphylum Urochordata - Tunicates Ascidiacea Thaliacea Larvacea Subphylum Cephalochordata - Lancelets Subphylum Myxini - Hagfishes Subphylum Vertebrata - Vertebrates Petromyzontida - Lampreys Placodermi (extinct) Chondrichthyes - Cartilaginous fishes Acanthodii (extinct) Actinopterygii - Ray-finned fishes Actinistia - Coelacanths Dipnoi - Lungfishes Amphibia - Amphibians Reptilia - Reptiles Aves - Birds Mammalia - Mammals Chordates (phylum Chordata) include the vertebrates, together with... Jump to: navigation, search Orders Subclass Multituberculata (extinct) Plagiaulacida Cimolodonta Subclass Palaeoryctoides (extinct) Subclass Triconodonta (extinct) Subclass Placentalia Afrosoricida Artiodactyla Carnivora Cetacea Chiroptera Creodonta (extinct) Dermoptera Desmostylia (extinct) Embrithopoda (extinct) Hyracoidea Insectivora Lagomorpha Litopterna (extinct) Macroscelidea Notoungulata (extinct) Perissodactyla Pholidota Primates Proboscidea Rodentia Scandentia Sirenia Tubulidentata Xenarthra Subclass Marsupialia Dasyuromorphia... Jump to: navigation, search Families 13, See classification A primate is any member of the biological order Primates, the group that contains all lemurs, monkeys, apes, and humans. ... Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (April 15, 1772 - June 19, 1844) was a French naturalist who established the principle of unity of composition. He was born at Étampes, Seine-et-Oise, and studied at the college of Navarre, in Paris, where he studied natural philosophy under M. J. Brisson. ... 1812 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Scientific classification or biological classification refers to how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... Genera Cheirogaleus Microcebus Mirza Allocebus Phaner Cheirogaleidae is the family strepsirrhine primates that contains the various dwarf lemurs and mouse-lemurs. ... Genera Lemur Eulemur Hapalemur Prolemur Varecia Lemuridae is one of the four families of lemurs and are part of a class of primates known as prosimians. ... Species Lepilemur mustelinus Lepilemur microdon Lepilemur leucopus Lepilemur ruficaudatus Lepilemur edwardsi Lepilemur dorsalis Lepilemur septentrionalis Lepilemur seali Lepilemur mitsinjonensis The sportive lemurs are the medium sized primates that make up the Lepilemuridae family. ... Genera Indri Avahi Propithecus The Indridae (also spelled Indriidae) are a family of strepsirrhine primates. ... Binomial name Daubentonia madagascariensis Gmelin, 1788 The Aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis) is a primate native to Madagascar that combines rodent-like teeth with a long, thin middle finger to fill the ecological niche of a woodpecker. ... Genera Arctocebus Perodicticus Pseudopotto Loris Nycticebus Loridae (or sometimes Lorisidae) is a family of strepsirrhine primates. ... Genera  Otolemur  Euoticus  Galago Galagos, also known as bushbabies or bush babies, are small, nocturnal primates native to continental Africa, and make up the family Galagonidae. ...

The Strepsirrhini clade is one of the two suborders of primates. One of the most distinguishing characteristic of these 91 species is their wet noses, and it is this feature for which the grouping is named. The Greek name means having a curved or bent nose (a terpsimbrotos compound of strepho "bend" and rhis "nose"). Madagascar's only primates (apart from humans) are strepsirrhines, although others can be found in southeast Asia. A clade is group of organisms which share a common ancestor and which includes all decendents of that ancestor. ... Scientific classification or biological classification refers to how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... Jump to: navigation, search Families 13, See classification A primate is any member of the biological order Primates, the group that contains all lemurs, monkeys, apes, and humans. ... Jump to: navigation, search The rhinarium is that wet naked surface around the nostrils of the nose in most mammals. ... Terpsimbrotos is the term for a type of compound, on a par with the bahuvrihi and tatpurusha types. ... Jump to: navigation, search Binomial name Homo sapiens Linnaeus, 1758 Subspecies Homo sapiens idaltu (extinct) Homo sapiens sapiens For other uses, see Human (disambiguation). ... Jump to: navigation, search World map showing Asia (geographically) Asia is the central and eastern part of Eurasia and worlds largest continent. ...

Strepsirrhines are considered to have more primitive features and adaptations than their haplorrhine ("dry-nose", in Greek "simple nose") cousins. Their moist nose is connected to the upper lip, which is connected to the gum, giving them a limit to the facial expressions they can manage. Their brain to body ratio tends to be smaller, indicating a lower intelligence. Their brain's olfactory lobes are larger, lending to the notion that they have a stronger reliance on smell. Their snouts are generally elongated giving them a dog-like appearance, although this is true of some monkeys, too. Families Tarsiidae Cebidae Aotidae Pitheciidae Atelidae Cercopithecidae Hylobatidae Hominidae The haplorrhines, the dry-nosed primates, are members of the Haplorrhini clade: the prosimian tarsiers and all of the true simians (the monkeys and the apes, including humans). ... Jump to: navigation, search Intelligence has several different meanings: Intelligence (trait) is the ability to solve problems Animal intelligence Artificial intelligence Intelligence (journal), a scientific journal dealing with intelligence and psychometrics Intelligence (information gathering), often including espionage Business intelligence Criminal intelligence Military intelligence This is a disambiguation page, a list... Olfaction, the sense of smell, is the detection of chemicals dissolved in air (or, by animals that breathe water, in water). ... Jump to: navigation, search Trinomial name Canis lupus familiaris (Linnaeus, 1758) The dog is a canine mammal of the Order Carnivora that has been domesticated for at least 14,000 years and perhaps for as long as 150,000 years based on recent evidence. ... Jump to: navigation, search Cynomolgus Monkey at Batu Caves, Malaysia Monkeys, Mori Sosen (1749-1821) A monkey is any member of two of the three groupings of simian primates. ...

With the exception of the Aye-aye, all strepsirrhines have a dental comb—tightly clustered incisors and canine teeth—that is used for grooming. Another grooming adaptation is a claw on the second toe of all strepsirrhines, while the big toe is widely separated from the others allowing a vise-like grip for locomotion. Binomial name Daubentonia madagascariensis Gmelin, 1788 The Aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis) is a primate native to Madagascar that combines rodent-like teeth with a long, thin middle finger to fill the ecological niche of a woodpecker. ... Incisors are the first kind of tooth in heterodont mammals. ... The Canine teeth are the long, pointed teeth used for grabbing hold of and tearing apart foods, also called cuspids, dogteeth or fangs. Species that feature them, such as humans and dogs, usually have four, two in the top jaw, two in the lower, on either side of the Incisors. ...

About 75% of species are nocturnal and all have a shiny, reflective layer in the back of their eyes, although several diurnal species like the Ring-tailed Lemur have it as well. Many of the nocturnal species also have very sensitive hearing and ears they can move independently to capture sounds even better. A nocturnal animal is one that sleeps during the day and is active at night - the opposite of the human (diurnal) schedule. ... ... Jump to: navigation, search Nathans a pimp and so is Rego |- style=text-align:center; ! style=background: pink; | Binomial name |- style=text-align:center; |Lemur catta Linnaeus, 1758 |- style=text-align:center; ! style=background: pink; | Synonyms |- style=text-align:center; | |} The Ring-tailed Lemur is a relatively large prosimian, a...

Strepsirrhine reproduction is generally very different than haplorrhine. Instead of a individual cycle, strepsirrhines have a breeding season. They also have a litter of offspring and the females have a Y-shaped (bicornate) uterus and multiple sets of nipples.

Classification and evolution

The Strepsirrhini suborder is composed of seven families split into two groups. The first group contains the Lemuriformes infraorder, four families of creatures typically called lemurs. The other three families include all of the lorises, plus the galagos, the Aye-aye, and the pottos. The remaining two families make up the infraorder Lorisiformes. However, the Aye-aye's placement is tentative. It is placed in its own infraorder (Chiromyiformes), and it is uncertain whether this infraorder split off from the ancestral strepsirrhine line before the lemurs and lorises, or after. Families Cheirogaleidae Lemuridae Megaladapidae Indridae Lemurs are part of a class of primates known as prosimians, and make up the infraorder Lemuriformes. ... Jump to: navigation, search Superfamilies and Families Cheirogaleoidea Cheirogaleidae Lemuroidea Lemuridae Lepilemuridae Indridae Lemurs are part of a class of primates known as prosimians, and make up the infraorder Lemuriformes. ... Genera Loris Nycticebus Loris is the common name for the strepsirrhine primates of the subfamily Lorinae in family Loridae. ... Genera  Otolemur  Euoticus  Galago Galagos, also known as bushbabies, bush babies or nagapies (meaning night monkeys in Afrikaans), are small, nocturnal primates native to continental Africa, and make up the family Galagonidae. ... Binomial name Daubentonia madagascariensis Gmelin, 1788 The Aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis) is a primate native to Madagascar that combines rodent-like teeth with a long, thin middle finger to fill the ecological niche of a woodpecker. ... Binomial name Perodicticus potto (P.L.S. Müller, 1766) The Potto (Perodicticus potto) is a strepsirrhine primate from the Lorisidae family. ... Binomial name Daubentonia madagascariensis Gmelin, 1788 The Aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis) is a primate native to Madagascar that combines rodent-like teeth with a long, thin middle finger to fill the ecological niche of a woodpecker. ...

Early classification scheme broke the Primate order into the suborders Prosimii (prosimians) and Anthropoidea (simians - monkeys and apes). However the prosimian tarsiers have been shown to be more closely related to the simians, and so it has been moved into the Anthropoidea, which is now renamed as Haplorrhini and Prosimii renamed as Strepsirrhini. Other classifications split Strepsirrhini directly into four superfamilies: Daubentonioidea, Lemuroidea, Loroidea (including Cheirogaleidae) and Indroidea. However, significant evidence suggests that Cheirogaleidae is not related to the lorises, and that Indridae is sister-group to Lemuridae Families Cebidae Aotidae Pitheciidae Atelidae Cercopithecidae Hylobatidae Hominidae The simians (infraorder Simiiformes) are the higher primates very common to most people: the monkeys and the apes, including humans. ... Jump to: navigation, search Families Hylobatidae Hominidae Apes are the members of the Hominoidea superfamily of primates, including humans. ... Species Tarsius syrichta Tarsius bancanus Tarsius tarsier Tarsius dentatus Tarsius pelengensis Tarsius sangirensis Tarsius pumilus Tarsiers (family Tarsiidae, genus Tarsius) are a genus of prosimian primates, previously classified as strepsirhines, but now classified as haplorhines, though still not considered to be monkeys. ... Families Cebidae Aotidae Pitheciidae Atelidae Cercopithecidae Hylobatidae Hominidae The simians (infraorder Simiiformes) are the higher primates very common to most people: the monkeys and the apes, including humans. ...

If the Aye-aye represents a form that is ancestral to all the rest of Strepsirrhini, then it evolved away from the strepsirrhine line between 63 million years ago (when the strepsirrhines split from the primitive primate line) and 50 mya (the lemur/loris split). If Chiromyiformes is to be considered as the sister only to the lemurs, then it must have evolved after the lemur/loris split 50 mya.

The adapids are an extinct polyphyletic grouping that were most certainly prosimians and closely related to the strepsirhines. The omomyids are another extinct group of prosmians but they are believed to be haplorrhines, closely related to the tarsiers, but an outgroup to the rest of the haplorrhines. Genera (extinct) Godinotia others The adapids, members of the extinct family Adapidae, are prosimian primates that lived during the Eocene era. ... In biology and ecology, extinction is the ceasing of existence of a species or group of species. ... In biology, a taxon is polyphyletic if it is descended from more than one root form (in Greek poly = many and phyletic = racial). ... Prosimians are the most primitive extant primates; they represent forms that were ancestral to monkeys, apes and humans. ... Genera None extant Omomyids, the ancestor’s form of the known Tarsier like animal. ...

• ORDER PRIMATES
  • Suborder Strepsirrhini: non-tarsier prosimians
    • Infraorder Lemuriformes
      • Superfamily Cheirogaleoidea
        • Family Cheirogaleidae: dwarf and mouse lemurs
      • Superfamily Lemuroidea
        • Family Lemuridae: lemurs
        • Family Lepilemuridae: sportive lemurs
        • Family Indridae: woolly lemurs and allies
    • Infraorder Chiromyiformes
      • Family Daubentoniidae: Aye-aye
    • Infraorder Lorisiformes
      • Family Lorisidae: lorises, pottos and allies
      • Family Galagidae: galagos
  • Suborder Haplorrhini: tarsiers, monkeys and apes

For the ecclesiastical use of this term, see primate (religion) Families 13, See classification A primate is any member of the biological order Primates, the group that contains all lemurs, monkeys, and apes, including humans. ... Families Cheirogaleidae Lemuridae Megaladapidae Indridae Lemurs are part of a class of primates known as prosimians, and make up the infraorder Lemuriformes. ... Genera Cheirogaleus Microcebus Mirza Allocebus Phaner Cheirogaleidae is the family strepsirrhine primates that contains the various dwarf lemurs and mouse-lemurs. ... Genera Cheirogaleus Microcebus Mirza Allocebus Phaner Cheirogaleidae is the family strepsirrhine primates that contains the various dwarf lemurs and mouse-lemurs. ... Genera Lemur Eulemur Hapalemur Prolemur Varecia Lemuridae is one of the four families of lemurs and are part of a class of primates known as prosimians. ... Species Lepilemur mustelinus Lepilemur microdon Lepilemur leucopus Lepilemur ruficaudatus Lepilemur edwardsi Lepilemur dorsalis Lepilemur septentrionalis Lepilemur seali Lepilemur mitsinjonensis The sportive lemurs are the medium sized primates that make up the Lepilemuridae family. ... Genera Indri Avahi Propithecus The Indridae (also spelled Indriidae) are a family of strepsirrhine primates. ... Binomial name Daubentonia madagascariensis Gmelin, 1788 The Aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis) is a primate native to Madagascar that combines rodent-like teeth with a long, thin middle finger to fill the ecological niche of a woodpecker. ... Binomial name Daubentonia madagascariensis Gmelin, 1788 The Aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis) is a primate native to Madagascar that combines rodent-like teeth with a long, thin middle finger to fill the ecological niche of a woodpecker. ... Genera Arctocebus Perodicticus Pseudopotto Loris Nycticebus Loridae (or sometimes Lorisidae) is a family of strepsirrhine primates. ... Genera  Otolemur  Euoticus  Galago Galagos, also known as bushbabies or bush babies, are small, nocturnal primates native to continental Africa, and make up the family Galagonidae. ... Families Tarsiidae Cebidae Aotidae Pitheciidae Atelidae Cercopithecidae Hylobatidae Hominidae The haplorrhines, the dry-nosed primates, are members of the Haplorrhini clade: the prosimian tarsiers and all of the true simians (the monkeys and the apes, including humans). ...

References

• Primate Taxonomy (Smithsonian Institute Press, 2001), Colin Groves (ISBN 156098872X)
• Primates in Question (Smithsonian Institute Press, 2003), Robert W. Shumaker & Benjamin B. Beck (ISBN 1-58834-176-3)