 A cluttered environment with too many tasks can lead to stress. Stress management encompasses techniques intended to equip a person with effective coping mechanisms for dealing with psychological stress, with stress defined as a person's physiological response to an internal or external stimulus that triggers the fight-or-flight response. Stress management is effective when a person utilizes strategies to cope with or alter stressful situations. Image File history File links By Aaron Logan, from http://www. ...
Image File history File links By Aaron Logan, from http://www. ...
In medical terms, stress is the disruption of homeostasis through physical or psychological stimuli. ...
The fight-or-flight response, also called the acute stress response, was first described by Walter Cannon in 1929. ...
Historical foundations Walter Cannon and Hans Selye used animal studies to establish the earliest scientific basis for the study of stress. They measured the physiological responses of animals to external pressures, such as heat and cold, prolonged restraint, and surgical procedures, then extrapolated from these studies to human beings. Subsequent studies of stress in humans by Richard Rahe and others established the view that stress is caused by distinct, measureable life stressors, and further, that these life stressors can be ranked by the median degree of stress they produce (leading to the Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale). Thus, stress was traditionally conceptualized to be a result of external insults beyond the control of those experiencing the stress. More recently, however, it has been argued that external circumstances do not have any intrinsic capacity to produce stress, but instead their effect is mediated by the individual's perceptions, capacities, and understanding. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Hans Hugo Bruno Selye, CC (Selye János, 1907 - 1982), was a Canadian endocrinologist of Austrian-Hungarian origin. ...
In 1967, psychiatrists Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe examined the medical records of over 5,000 medical patients as a way to determine whether stressful life events might cause illnesses. ...
Models of stress management
Transactional model Richard Lazarus and Susan Folkman suggested in 1984 that stress can be thought of as resulting from an “imbalance between demands and resources” or as occurring when “pressure exceeds ones perceived ability to cope”. Stress management was developed and premised on the belief idea that stress is not a direct response to a stressor but rather one's resources and ability to cope mediate the stress response and are amenable to change, thus allowing stress to be controllable. Richard Lazarus was a psychologist at UC Berkeley who was named by American Psychologst as one of the most influential psychologists in the field. ...
In order to develop an effective stress management programme it is first necessary to identify the factors that are central to an individual controlling their stress, and to identify the intervention methods which effectively target these factors. Lazarus and Folkman's interpretation of stress focuses on the transaction between people and their external environment (known as the Transactional Model). The model conceptualizes stress as a result of how a stressor is appraised and how an individual appraises his/her resources to cope with the stressor. The model breaks the stressor-stress link by proposing that if stressors are perceived as positive or challenging rather than a threat, and if the stressed individual is confident that he or she possesses adequate rather than deficient coping strategies, stress may not necessarily follow the presence of a potential stressor. The model proposes that stress can be reduced by helping stressed individuals change their perceptions of stressors, providing them with strategies to help them cope and improving their confidence in their ability to do so.
Health realization/innate health model The health realization/innate health model of stress is also founded on the idea that stress does not necessarily follow the presence of a potential stressor. Instead of focusing on the individual's appraisal of so-called stressors in relation to his or her own coping skills (as the transactional model does), the health realization model focuses on the nature of thought, stating that it is ultimately a person's thought processes that determine the response to potentially stressful external circumstances. In this model, stress results from appraising oneself and one's circumstances through a mental filter of insecurity and negativity, whereas a feeling of well-being results from approaching the world with a "quiet mind," "inner wisdom," and "common sense".[1]
This model proposes that helping stressed individuals understand the nature of thought--especially providing them with the ability to recognize when they are in the grip of insecure thinking, disengage from it, and access natural positive feelings--will reduce their stress.
Need for stress management It is now an accepted fact in the medical community that stress is one of the major causes of all illnesses.[2] Stress can cause migraines, stroke, eczema, a weak immune system, and many other diseases. Stress is also known to cause medical complications during pregnancy for both the mother and the child.[citation needed] Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1280x960, 319 KB) Summary I took it and release it to the public domain. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1280x960, 319 KB) Summary I took it and release it to the public domain. ...
Stroke (or cerebrovascular accident or CVA) is the clinical designation for a rapidly developing loss of brain function due to an interruption in the blood supply to all or part of the brain. ...
For the beetle, see Exema. ...
A scanning electron microscope image of a single neutrophil (yellow), engulfing anthrax bacteria (orange). ...
This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...
Techniques of stress management There are a variety of ways of coping with stress. Some techniques of time management may help a person to control stress. In the face of high demands, effective stress management involves learning to set limits and to say "No" to some demands that others make. Techniques of stress management will vary according to the theoretical paradigm adhered to, but may include some of the following: A coping skill is a behavioral tool which may be used by individuals to offset or overcome adversity, disadvantage, or disability without correcting or eliminating the underlying condition. ...
Time management includes tools or techniques for planning and scheduling time, usually with the aim to increase the effectiveness and/or efficiency of personal and corporate time use. ...
Autogenic training is a term for a relaxation technique developed by the German psychiatrist Johannes Schultz first published in 1932. ...
Cognitive therapy or cognitive behaviour therapy is a kind of psychotherapy used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, phobias, and other forms of mental disorder. ...
Conflict resolution or conflictology is the process of attempting to resolve a dispute or a conflict. ...
The term Exercise can refer to: Physical exercise such as running or strength training Exercise (options), the financial term for enacting and terminating a contract Category: ...
A large statue in Bangalore depicting Shiva meditating Meditation describes a state of concentrated attention on some object of thought or awareness. ...
Progressive relaxation is a technique of stress management developed by the American physician Edmund Jacobson in the early 1920s. ...
It has been suggested that Duration of sexual intercourse be merged into this article or section. ...
A stress ball Stress balls are often utilized after using a computer for extended periods of time A stress ball is a malleable toy, usually not more than 7cm in diameter. ...
Measuring stress Levels of stress can be measured through a variety of means. One is through the use of the Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale to rate stressful life events. Changes in blood pressure and galvanic skin response can also be measured to test stress levels, and changes in stress levels. A digital thermometer can be used to evaluate changes in skin temperature, which can indicate activation of the fight or flight response drawing blood away from the extremities. In 1967, psychiatrists Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe examined the medical records of over 5,000 medical patients as a way to determine whether stressful life events might cause illnesses. ...
A sphygmomanometer, a device used for measuring blood pressure. ...
Galvanic skin response (or GSR), also known as electrodermal response (EDR) or psychogalvanic reflex (PGR), is a method of measuring the electrical resistance of the skin and interpreting it as an image of activity in certain parts of the body. ...
This article or section should include material from Fight-or-flight The flight or fight response, also called the acute stress response, was first described by Walter Cannon in the 1920s as a theory that animals react to threats with a general discharge of the sympathetic nervous system. ...
See also Biofeedback mechanism. ...
This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...
Categories: Possible copyright violations ...
Resilience is a commonly used concept in psychology (such as in child development, adolescent development, psychopathology, and positive psychology) to describe the positive capacity of people to cope with stress and catastrophe. ...
Relaxation techniques are used by people who wish to relax, for a wide variety of reasons. ...
References - ^ Mills, R.C. (1995). Realizing Mental Health: Toward a new Psychology of Resiliency. Sulberger & Graham Publishing, Ltd. ISBN-10: 0945819781
- ^ "Stress at work makes men ill", BBC, 2006-06-08. Retrieved on 2007-03-29. (in English)
- ^ Brody, Stuart (2006). "Blood pressure reactivity to stress is better for people who recently had penile–vaginal intercourse than for people who had other or no sexual activity.". Biological Psychology (2006) 312–315 71: 214–222.
- Bower, J. E. & Segerstrom, S.C. (2004). Stress management, finding benefit, and immune function: positive mechanisms for intervention effects on physiology. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 56(1): 9-11.
- Cannon, W. (1939). The Wisdom of the Body, 2nd ed., NY: Norton Pubs.
- Lazarus, R.S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, Appraisal and Coping. New York: Springer.
- Ogden, J. (2000). Health Psychology (3rd Edition). Open University Press: Buckingham.
- Rahe RH, Arthur RJ. (1978). Life change and illness studies: past history and future directions. J. Human Stress, 4(1): 3-15.
- Rahe RH et al. (1972). Psychosocial predictors of illness behavior and failure in stressful training. J. health Soc. Behav. 13(4): 393-97.
- Rahe RH, Mahan JL, Jr. Arthur RJ. (1970). Prediction of near-future health change from subjects' preceding life changes. J. Psychosom. Res. 14(4): 401-6.
- Rahe RH et al. (2000). The stress and coping inventory: an educational and research instrument. Stress Medicine 16: 199-208.
- Sedgeman, J.A. (2005). Health Realization/Innate Health: Can a quiet mind and a positive feeling state be accessible over the lifespan without stress-relief techniques? Med. Sci. Monitor 11(12) HY47-52. [1]
- Selye, H. (1950). Stress and the general adaptation syndrome. Br. Med. J. 4667: 1383-92.
- Spence, J.D., Barnett, P.A., Linden, W., Ramsden, V., Taenzer, P. (1999). Lifestyle modifications to prevent and control hypertension. 7. Recommendations on stress management. The Journal of the Canadian Medical Association,160(Suppl 9):S46-50.12365525Ṇ
Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...
March 29 is the 88th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (89th in leap years). ...
External links |
Feeds |
Contact