Stridulation is the act of producing sound by rubbing together certain body parts. This behavior is mostly associated with insects, but other animals are known to do this as well, such as a number of species of snakes and spiders. Sound is a disturbance of mechanical energy that propagates through matter as a longitudinal wave, and therefore is a mechanical wave. ... Orders See taxonomy Insects (Class Insecta) are a major group of arthropods and the most diverse group of animals on the Earth, with over a million described species—more than all other animal groups combined. ... blue: sea snakes, black: land snakes Superfamilies and Families Henophidia Aniliidae Anomochilidae Boidae Bolyeriidae Cylindrophiidae Loxocemidae Pythonidae Tropidophiidae Uropeltidae Xenopeltidae Typhlopoidea Anomalepididae Leptotyphlopidae Typhlopidae Xenophidia Acrochordidae Atractaspididae Colubridae Elapidae Hydrophiidae Viperidae For other uses, see Snake (disambiguation). ... Diversity 111 families, 40,000 species Suborders Mesothelae Mygalomorphae Araneomorphae  See table of families Closeup image of a Wolf Spider Wikispecies has information related to: Spiders Spiders are predatory invertebrate animals that have two body segments, eight legs, no chewing mouth parts and no wings. ...

Insect Stridulation

Insects and other arthropods stridulate by rubbing together two parts of the body. These are referred to generically as the stridulatory organs, though in many groups the entire structure is called a stridulitrum. The mechanism is best known in crickets and grasshoppers, but other insects which stridulate include Scolytinae (bark beetles), Cerambycidae (longhorned beetles), Mutillidae ("velvet ants"), Reduviidae ("assassin bugs"), the Black imported fire ant (Solenopsis richteri) and larval Lucanidae (stag beetles), Passalidae (Bessbugs), and Geotrupidae (earth-boring dung beetles). Stridulation is also known in some species of millipede (class Diplopoda). Orders See taxonomy Insects (Class Insecta) are a major group of arthropods and the most diverse group of animals on the Earth, with over a million described species—more than all other animal groups combined. ... Subphyla and Classes Subphylum Trilobitomorpha Trilobita - trilobites (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata Arachnida - spiders,scorpions, etc. ... With regard to living things, a body is the integral physical material of an individual, and contrasts with soul, personality and behavior. ... {{Taxobox // | color = pink | name = Gryllidae | image = Snodgrass Gryllus assimilis. ... Families Superfamily: Tridactyloidea Cylindrachaetidae Ripipterygidae Tridactylidae Superfamily: Tetrigoidea Tetrigidae Superfamily: Eumastacoidea Chorotypidae Episactidae Eumastacidae Euschmidtiidae Mastacideidae Morabidae Proscopiidae Thericleidae Superfamily: Pneumoroidea Pneumoridae Superfamily: Pyrgomorphoidea Pyrgomorphidae Superfamily: Acridoidea Acrididae Catantopidae Charilaidae Dericorythidae Lathiceridae Lentulidae Lithidiidae Ommexechidae Pamphagidae Pyrgacrididae Romaleidae Tristiridae Superfamily: Tanaoceroidea Tanaoceridae Superfamily: Trigonopterygoidea Trigonopterygidae Xyronotidae Grasshoppers are herbivorous insects... Genera See text. ... Subfamilies Aseminae Cerambycinae Disteniinae Laminae Lepturinae Necydalinae Paradrinae Prioninae Spondylidinae etc. ... Subfamilies Mutillinae Myrmillinae Myrmosinae Pseudophotopsidinae Rhopalomutillinae Sphaeropthalminae Ticoplinae Mutillidae or velvet ants, also known as cow killers, are not actually ants but a type of wasp. ... Subfamilies Harpactorinae Reduviinae Stenopodainae Emesinae Apiomerinae Ectrichodiinae Peiratinae Tegeinae Triatominae etc. ... Binomial name Solenopsis richteri Buren, 1972 Long thought to either be a Subspecies or color variation of Solenopsis invicta, the Black Imported Fire Ant (Solenopsis richteri) is now recognized as its own species with a demonstratably different range and living habits. ... Binomial name Solenopsis richteri Buren, 1972 Long thought to either be a Subspecies or color variation of Solenopsis invicta, the Black Imported Fire Ant (Solenopsis richteri) is now recognized as its own species with a demonstratably different range and living habits. ... A larva (Latin; plural larvae) is a juvenile form of animal with indirect development, undergoing metamorphosis (for example, insects or amphibians). ... Subfamilies not a complete list Aesalinae Figulinae Lampriminae Lucaninae Nicaginae Penichrolucaninae Syndesinae Stag beetles are a group of about 1,200 species of beetle in the family Lucanidae. ... Passalidae Genera Genus and species: Odontotaenius disjunctus Adult: Odontotaenius disjunctus from rotting log Hemingway, South Carolina, Larva: --67. ... Genera See text. ... Subclasses Helminthomorpha Penicillata Pentazonia Millipedes (Class Diplopoda, previously also known as Chilognatha) are very elongated arthropods with cylindrical bodies that have two pairs of legs for each one of their 20 to 100 or more body segments (except for the first segment behind the head which does not have any...

The mechanism is typically that of one structure with a well-defined lip or ridge (the "scraper") being moved across a finely-ridged surface (the "file"), and vibrating as it does so, like the dragging of a phonograph needle across a vinyl record. Edison cylinder phonograph ca. ... Long Playing (LP), 12-inch diameter, 33 rpm (actually 33â…“) vinyl gramophone records were the primary release format for recorded music for about 40 years from the 1960s until CDs effectively replaced them in the late 1990s. ...

Stridulation in several of these examples is for attracting a mate, or as a form of territorial behaviour, but can also be a warning signal (acoustic aposematism, as in velvet ants). This kind of communication was first described by Slovenian biologist Ivan Regen (1868-1947). In ethology, sociobiology and behavioral ecology, the term territory refers to any geographical area that an animal of a particular species consistently defends against conspecifics (and, occasionally, animals of other species). ... The bright colours of this Yellow-winged Darter dragonfly serve as a warning to predators of its noxious taste. ... Mutillidae or velvet ants, also known as cow killers, are not actually ants but a type of wasp. ...

Snake Stridulation

A number of species of venomous snakes are known to stridulate as part of a threat display. They arrange their body into a series of parallel C-shaped (counterlooped) coils that they rub together to produce a sizzling sound, rather like water on a hot plate. The most well known examples are members of the genus Echis (saw-scales vipers), although those of the genus Cerastes (North African desert vipers) and at least one bush viper species, Atheris desaixi, are known to do this as well.^[1][2] In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biodiversity. ... A poisonous snake (properly, venomous snake) is a snake that uses saliva venom delivered through two fangs in its mouth to kill its prey. ... For other uses of the word, please see Genus (disambiguation). ... Synonyms Echis - Merrem, 1820 Toxicoa - Gray, 1849 Turanechis - Cherlin, 1990[1] Common names: saw-scaled vipers, carpet vipers. ... Species 3 species, see article. ... Binomial name Atheris desaixi Ashe, 1968 Synonyms Atheris desaixi - Ashe, 1968[1] Common names: Mount Kenya bush viper,[2][3] Ashes bush viper,[4] Desaixs bush viper. ...

Spider Stridulation

Most spiders are silent, but some Tarantula species are known to stridulate. When disturbed, Theraphosa blondi, the Goliath tarantula, can produce a rather loud hissing noise by rubbing together the bristles on its legs. This is said to be audible to a distance of up to 15 feet (4.5 m).^[3] Diversity 113 genera, 897 species Genera Subfamily Acanthopelminae    Acanthopelma Subfamily Aviculariinae    Avicularia    Ephobopus    Pachistopelma    Tapinauchenius Subfamily Eumenophorinae    Anoploscelus    Batesiella    Citharischius    Encyocrates    Eumenophorus    Hysterocrates    Loxomphalia    Loxoptygus    Monocentropus    Myostola    Phoneyusa    Polyspina Subfamily Harpactirinae    Ceratogyrus    Coelogenium    Eucratoscelus    Harpactira    Pterinochilus Subfamily Ischnocolinae    Chaetopelma    Cratorrhagus    Heterothele    Ischnocolus    Nesiergus    Plesiophrictus/Neoplesiophrictus Subfamily Ornithoctoninae    Citharognathus    Cyriopagopus    Haplopelma... Binomial name Theraphosa blondi (Latreille, 1804) The Goliath birdeater (also called the Bird eating spider) (Theraphosa blondi) is an arachnid which belongs to the tarantula family, and is arguably the largest spider in the world. ...

Cited references

March 13 is the 72nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (73rd in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ...

External links

• Stridulation in stag beetle larvae (Lucanus cervus L.) by Dr. Eva Sprecher-Uebersax, January 2002.
• Stridulation Sounds of Black Fire Ants (Solenopsis richteri) in Different Situations
• Stridulation in millipedes