NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Stroganov

Stroganovs or Strogonovs (Строгановы, Строгоновы in Russian), also spelled in French manner as Stroganoffs, was a family of highly successful Russian merchants, industrialists, landowners, and statesmen of the 16th - 20th centuries that eventually earned nobility. Merchants function as professional traders, dealing in commodities that they do not produce themselves. ... Industrialist mainly refers to a person who takes a leading or visionary role in the process of building up an industry over a long time. ... A landlord is the owner of a house, apartment, condominium, or land which is rented or leased to an individual or business, who is called the tenant. ... The term statesman is a respectful term used to refer to diplomats, politicians, and other notable figures of state. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... The Lords and Barons prove their Nobility by hanging their Banners and exposing their Coats-of-arms at the Windows of the Lodge of the Heralds. ...

The Stroganov family came from the rich Pomor peasants. Feodor Lukich Stroganov - the originator of the family - settled in Solvychegodsk in the late 15th century. Here, his son Akiney Fyodorovich Stroganov (1497-1570) opened the saltworks in 1515, which would later become a huge industry. In 1558, Ivan the Terrible granted big estates along the Kama and Chusovaya Rivers to Akiney Stroganov and his successors. In 1566, their lands were included into the oprichnina at their own request. Conquering the lands from local population and colonizing them with the arriving Russian peasants, the Stroganovs developed farming, hunting, saltworks, fishing, and ore mining in these areas. They were building towns and fortresses and, at the same time, suppressing local unrests with the help of their druzhinas and annexing new lands in the Urals and Siberia in favor of Russia. Semyon Anikeyevich Stroganov (? - 1609) and Anikey's grandsons Maksim Yakovlevich Stroganov (? - 1620s) and Nikita Grigoriyevich Stroganov (? - 1620) financed Yermak's Siberian campaign in 1581. During the times of Polish intervention of the early 17th century, the Stroganovs rendered humanitarian and military support to the Russian government (some 842,000 rubles just in terms of money), for which they would receive the title of distinguished people in 1610. In the 17th century, the Stroganovs invested heavily in the salt industry in Solikamsk. In the 1680s, Grigory Dmitriyevich Stroganov (1656 - 1715) united all the scattered lands of the heirs of the children of Anikey Stroganov. He also annexed the saltworks, which belonged to the Shustov and Filatiyev families. In the 18th century, the Stroganovs established a number of ironworks and copper-smelting factories in the Urals. During the Great Northern War of 1700–1721, the Stroganovs rendered big financial support to the government of Peter the Great, for which Alexander Grigoriyevich, Nikolay Grigoriyevich, and Sergei Grigoriyevich would be granted barony in 1722 and later – earldom. From then on, the Stroganovs became members of Russian aristocracy and held important government posts. Sergei Grigoriyevich (1707-1756) played a significant role during the reign of Elizabeth Petrovna. His son Alexander Sergeyevich (1733-1811) was a member of the commission on elaborating the new code of laws during the reign of Catherine the Great. In the late 18th – early 19th century, he held different posts, such as president of the Russian Academy of Sciences, art director of the Public Library, and member of the State Council. Pavel Alexandrovich Stroganov (1772-1817) was a member of the Private Committee (Негласный комитет) of Alexander I and assistant to the minister of the interior. Sergei Grigoriyevich Stroganov (1794-1882) was the governor general of Moscow in 1859-1860. Alexander Grigoriyevich Stroganov was the minister of the interior in 1839-1841 and then a member of the State Council (since 1849). Pomors (Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÌÑ€Ñ‹) are Russian settlers of the White Sea coasts. ... In a detail of Brueghels Land of Cockaigne (1567) a soft-boiled egg has little feet to rush to the luxuriating peasant who catches drops of honey on his tongue, while roast pigs roam wild: the 16th century was a good time for European peasants A peasant, from 15th... (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ... Events May 10 - Amerigo Vespucci allegedly leaves Cádiz for his first voyage to the New World. ... Events January 23 - The assassination of regent James Stewart, Earl of Moray throws Scotland into civil war February 25 - Pope Pius V excommunicates Queen Elizabeth I of England with the bull Regnans in Excelsis May 20 - Abraham Ortelius issues the first modern atlas. ... // Events June - Invasion of Persia by Sultan Selim I of the Ottoman Empire. ... Events January 7 - French troops led by Francis, Duke of Guise take Calais, the last continental possession of England July 13 - Battle of Gravelines: In France, Spanish forces led by Count Lamoral of Egmont defeat the French forces of Marshal Paul des Thermes at Gravelines. ... Ivan IV (August 25, 1530–March 18, 1584) was the first ruler of Russia to assume the title of tsar. ... Estate may have a number of meanings: Estate is a term used in common law to signify the total of a persons property, entitlements and obligations. ... Кама, Çulman Length 1805 km Elevation of the source ? m Average discharge ? m³/s Area watershed ? km² Origin Udmurtia Mouth Volga River Basin countries Russia Kama (Ка́ма) (Tatar: Çulman) is a river in Russia, left tributary of Volga (and the largest one - in fact it is larger than Volga before... The Chusovaya River (Чусовая in Russian), a river in the Sverdlovsk Oblast and Perm Oblast in Russia, a tributary of the Kama River. ... Events January 7 - Pius V becomes Pope Selim II succeeds Suleiman I as Sultan of the Ottoman Empire Religious rioting in the Netherlands signifies the beginning of the Eighty Years War in the Netherlands. ... The Oprichnina (Russian: ÐžÐ¿Ñ€Ð¸Ñ‡Ð½Ð¸Ð½Ð°) formed a section of Russia ruled directly by the Tsar under Ivan the Terrible. ... Farming, ploughing rice paddy, in Indonesia Agriculture is the process of producing food, feed, fiber and other desired products by cultivation of certain plants and the raising of domesticated animals (livestock). ... Hunting is, in its most general sense, the pursuit of a target. ... Fishing is the activity of hunting for fish. ... Fortifications (Latin fortis, strong, and facere, to make) are military constructions designed for defensive warfare. ... Housecarls were household troops, personal warriors and equivalent to a royal bodyguard to Scandinavian kings. ... The Ural Mountains, (Russian: Ура́льские го́ры = Ура́л) also known simply as the Urals, are a mountain range that run roughly north and south through western Russia. ... Siberia Siberia (Russian: , common English transliterations: Sibirâ€™, Sibir; from the Tatar for â€œsleeping landâ€) is a vast region of Russia and northern Kazakhstan constituting almost all of northern Asia. ... // Events April 4 â€“ King of Spain signs an edit of expulsion of all moriscos from Spain April 9 â€“ Spain recognizes Dutch independence May 23 - Official ratification of the Second Charter of Virginia. ... Centuries: 16th century - 17th century - 18th century Decades: 1570s 1580s 1590s 1600s 1610s - 1620s - 1630s 1640s 1650s 1660s 1670s Years: 1620 1621 1622 1623 1624 1625 1626 1627 1628 1629 Events and Trends Permanent Dutch settlement of New York Bay and the Hudson River. ... Events September 6 - English emigrants on the Mayflower depart from Plymouth, England for the future New England and arrive at the end of the year. ... Yermak Timofeyevich (Russian: Ð•Ñ€Ð¼Ð°ÌÐº Ð¢Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾Ñ„ÐµÌÐµÐ²Ð¸Ñ‡, also Ermak) (born between 1532 and 1542 â€” August 5 or 6, 1585), Cossack leader and explorer of Siberia. ... Events January 16 - English Parliament outlaws Roman Catholicism April 4 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. July 26 - The Northern Netherlands proclaim their independence from Spain in the Oath of Abjuration. ... (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... 1997 Russian Federation one rouble coin. ... // Events January 7 - Galileo Galilei discovers the Galilean moons of Jupiter. ... In chemistry, salt is a term used for ionic compounds composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions, so that the product is neutral and without a net charge. ... Centuries: 16th century - 17th century - 18th century Decades: 1630s 1640s 1650s 1660s 1670s - 1680s - 1690s 1700s 1710s 1720s 1730s Years: 1680 1681 1682 1683 1684 1685 1686 1687 1688 1689 Events and Trends The Treaty of Ratisbon between France and England in 1684 ended the Age of Buccaneers. ... // Events Mehmed KÃ¶prÃ¼lÃ¼ becomes Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire. ... // Events September 1 - King Louis XIV of France dies after a reign of 72 years, leaving the throne of his exhausted and indebted country to his great-grandson Louis XV. Regent for the new, five years old monarch is Philippe dOrlÃ©ans, nephew of Louis XIV. September - First of... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... Ironworks at Coalbrookdale, Shropshire, England An ironworks or iron works is a building or site where iron is smelted and where heavy iron and/or steel products are made. ... General Name, Symbol, Number copper, Cu, 29 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 4, d Appearance copper, metallic Atomic mass 63. ... Chemical reduction, or smelting, is a form of extractive metallurgy. ... It has been suggested that Great Northern War and Norway be merged into this article or section. ... Events January 1 - Russia accepts Julian calendar. ... 1721 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Peter I Emperor and Autocrat of All Russia Peter I (Pyotr Alekseyvich) (9 June 1672–8 February 1725 [30 May 1672–28 January 1725 O.S.1]) ruled Russia from 7 May (27 April O.S.) 1682 until his death. ... Various rulers or governments of Europe, of Japan bestow or recognise the title of baron. ... Events Abraham De Moivre states De Moivres theorem connecting trigonometric functions and complex numbers Publication of the first book of Bachs Well-Tempered Clavier Fall of Persias Safavid dynasty during a bloody revolt of the Afghani people. ... An Earl as a member of the British peerage ranks below a Marquess and above a Viscount. ... The Ancient Greek term aristocracy meant a system of government with rule by the best. This is the first definition given in most dictionaries. ... Events January 1 - John V is crowned King of Portugal March 26 - The Act of Union becomes law, making the separate Kingdoms of England and Scotland into one country, the Kingdom of Great Britain. ... 1756 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Empress Elizaveta Petrovna (1709-62) Yelizaveta Petrovna (Елизаве́та Петро́вна) (December 29, 1709 - January 5, 1762) was an Empress of Russia (1741 - 1762) who took the country into the War of Austrian succession (1740 - 1748) and the Seven Years War (1756-63). ... Events February 12 - British colonist James Oglethorpe founds Savannah, Georgia. ... 1811 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Catherine II (Екатерина II Алексеевна: Yekaterína II Alekséyevna, April 21, 1729 - November 6, 1796), born Sophie Augusta Fredericka, known as Catherine the Great, reigned as empress of Russia from June 28, 1762, to her death on November 6, 1796. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Russian Academy of Sciences: main building Russian Academy of Sciences (Ð Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ÌÐ¹ÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÐÐºÐ°Ð´ÐµÌÐ¼Ð¸Ñ ÐÐ°ÑƒÌÐº) is the national academy of Russia. ... State Council or National Council is the name of a major governmental body in some countries. ... Count Pavel Alexandrovich Stroganov (Russian: ) (1772-1817) was Russian military commander and statesman, Lieutenant General, Adjutant General to Alexander I of Russia. ... 1772 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1817 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Aleksandr Pavlovich Romanov or Tsar Alexander I (The Blessed), (Russian: ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑÐ°Ð½Ð´Ñ€ I ÐŸÐ°Ð²Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡) (December 23, 1777â€“December 1, 1825), Emperor of Russia (reigned March 23, 1801â€“December 1, 1825), King of Poland (reigned 1815â€“1825), son of the Grand Duke Paul Petrovich, afterwards Paul I, and Maria Fedorovna, daughter of the Duke... The Interior Minister is a member of a Cabinet in a Government. ... 1794 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1882 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Governor-General (or Governor General) is a term used both historically and currently to designate the appointed representative of a head of state or their government for a particular territory, historically in a colonial context, but no longer necessarily in that form. ... Moscow (Russian: ÐœÐ¾ÑÐºÐ²Ð°Ì, Moskva, IPA: listen?) is the capital of Russia, located on the river Moskva. ... 1859 is a common year starting on Saturday. ... 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ... 1839 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1841 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1849 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

Most of the Stroganovs are known to have shown interest for art, literature, history, and archaeology. They used to own rich libraries, collections of paintings, coins, medals etc. Stroganov Palace (now one of the buildings of the State Russian Museum) is among the chief sights of Nevsky Prospect in St.Petersburg. Resources ArtLex. ... Open Directory Project: Literature World Literature Electronic Text Archives Magazines and E-zines Online Writing Writers Resources Libraries, Digital Cataloguing, Metadata Distance Learning What is Literature? Dictionary of the History of Ideas: Classicism in Literature The Universal Library, by Carnegie Mellon University Project Gutenberg Online Library Abacci - Project Gutenberg texts... ... Importance and applicability Most of human history is not described by any written records. ... The State Russian Museum, formerly the Russian Museum of His Imperial Majesty Alexander III, is the largest depository of the Russian fine art in St Petersburg. ... Nevsky Prospekt, or the Neva Avenue (Russian: Невский проспект), is the main thoroughfare in the city of St Petersburg. ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and Petrograd (Петрогра́д, 1914–1924), is a city located in Northwestern Russia on the delta of the river Neva at the east end of the Gulf of Finland...