Dale Chihuly's 30-foot blown-glass chandelier in the Victoria and Albert Museum in 2000.

American craft consists of the United States' contributions to the family of artistic practices conducted by independent studio artists, working singly or in small groups, using traditional craft materials such as wood, glass, clay, textiles and metal and creating works that either serve or allude to a functional or utilitarian purpose. This includes glass blowing, studio pottery, metal work, and weaving. Download high resolution version (768x1097, 394 KB)The Rotunda, or main entrance, of the Victoria and Albert Museum now sports a magnificent, 30ft high, blown glass chandelier by Dale Chihuly. ... Download high resolution version (768x1097, 394 KB)The Rotunda, or main entrance, of the Victoria and Albert Museum now sports a magnificent, 30ft high, blown glass chandelier by Dale Chihuly. ... Dale Chihuly has become famous for his intricate, vividly-colored, eye-catching glasswork. ... The Cromwell Road entrance to the Victoria and Albert Museum The Victoria and Albert Museum viewed from Thurloe Square The main interior courtyard of the Victoria and Albert Museum in 2004. ... This article is about the year 2000. ... Look up craft in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A tree trunk as found at the Veluwe, The Netherlands Wood derives from woody plants, notably trees but also shrubs. ... This article refers to the material. ... Quaternary clay in Estonia. ... This article is about the type of fabric. ... Hot metal work from a blacksmith Look up Metal in Wiktionary, the free dictionary In chemistry, a metal (Greek: Metallon) is an element that readily forms ions (cations) and has metallic bonds, and metals are sometimes described as a lattice of positive ions (cations) surrounded by a sea of delocolised... A glass pipe made by lampworking Hand-blown glass beads and pendants Glassblowing is the process of forming glass into useful shapes while the glass is in a molten, semi-liquid state. ... The Studio Pottery Movement was started in the early twentieth century by Bernard Leach, who as a reaction to the mass production of cheap crockery, espoused the virtues of the handmade and spent his life promoting the virtues of hand thrown pottery. ... Metalworking is the craft and practice of working with metals to create parts or structures. ... Tweed loom, Harris, 2004 Weaving is an ancient textile art and craft that involves placing two sets of threads or yarn made of fiber called the warp and weft of the loom and turning them into cloth. ...

History

The American studio craft movement is a successor to earlier European craft movements. Modern studio crafts developed as a reaction to modernity and, particularly, the Industrial Revolution. During the nineteenth century, Scottish historian Thomas Carlyle and English social critic John Ruskin warned of the extinction of handicrafts in Europe. English designer and theorist William Morris continued this line of thought, becoming father of England's Arts & Crafts Movement. Morris distinguished the studio craftsman in this way: "[O]ur art is the work of a small minority composed of educated persons, fully conscious of their aim of producing beausty, and distinguished from the great body of workmen by that aim." Both European and American craft traditions have also been influenced by Art Nouveau. Both of these movements influenced the development of the contemporary studio craft movement in the United States during the late nineteenth century, throughout the twentieth century and to the present. Modernity is a term used to describe the condition of being Modern. Since the term Modern is used to describe a wide range of periods, modernity must be taken in context. ... A Watt steam engine in Madrid. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... The most familiar view of Carlyle is as the bearded sage with a penetrating gaze. ... Upper: Steel-plate engraving of Ruskin as a young man, made circa 1845, scanned from print made circa 1895. ... Handicraft, also known as craftwork or simply craft, is a type of work where useful and decorative devices are made completely by hand or using only simple tools. ... Europe is conventionally considered one of the seven continents of Earth which, in this case, is more a cultural and political distinction than a physiographic one. ... This page is about William Morris, the writer, designer and socialist. ... Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area  - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population  - Total (2001)  - Density Ranked 1st UK 49,138,831 377/km² Ethnicity... Artichoke wallpaper, by John Henry Dearle for William Morris & Co. ... Alfons Mucha, lithographed poster Dancel (1898). ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s The 20th century lasted from 1901 to 2000 in the Gregorian calendar (often from (1900 to 1999 in common usage). ...

American craft pioneers

By the end of the nineteenth century, the preindustrial craft trades had almost totally disappeared. Industrial expansion and westward movement had largely severed American culture from early Colonial American and Native American craft roots. Against this backdrop, Louis Comfort Tiffany was a pioneer of the American craft movement, arguing for the placement of well-designed and crafted objects in the American home. Tiffany's elegant stained glass creations were influenced by the values of William Morris and became America's leading embodiment of art nouveau. Download high resolution version (2560x1920, 1072 KB)Tiffany stained-glass window of St. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Louis Comfort Tiffany (1848-1933) circa 1908 Louis Comfort Tiffanys The tree of life stained glass Louis Comfort Tiffany (February 18, 1848 - January 17, 1933) was an American artist and designer who is best known for his work in stained glass and is the American artist most associated with... Strictly speaking, stained glass is glass that has been painted with silver stain and then fired. ... This page is about William Morris, the writer, designer and socialist. ... Alfons Mucha, lithographed poster Dancel (1898). ...

Gustav Stickley, the cabinetmaker was an early leader in the development of studio furniture and the American craft movement. Stickley's designs were distinguished by their simplicity and by their harmony between interior decorative art and architecture. Stickley's magazine, "The Craftsman," was a forum for this movement from 1901 through 1916. Gustav Stickley (March 9, 1858–April 21, 1942) was a furniture maker and architect as well as the leading spokesperson for the American Arts and Crafts movement. ... Cabinet making is the practice of utilizing many woodworking skills to create cabinets, shelving and furniture. ... The decorative arts are traditionally defined as ornamental and functional works in ceramic, wood, glass, metal, or textile. ... The Parthenon on top of the Acropolis, Athens, Greece Architecture (from Latin, architectura and ultimately from Greek, αρχιτεκτων, a master builder, from αρχι- chief, leader and τεκτων, builder, carpenter) is the art and science of designing buildings and structures. ... 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1916 (MCMXVI) is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January-February January 1 - The Royal Army Medical Corps first successful blood transfusion using blood that had been stored and cooled. ...

Early craft institutions

The studio crafts movement was fostered by the establishment of crafts programs within post-secondary educational institutions. In 1894, for example, North America's first university ceramics department was begun at Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio. This was followed in 1901 by the establishment of the first ceramics art school at Alfred University in Alfred, New York. Similarly, the Rhode Island School of Design in Providence, Rhode Island established the first metal arts class in 1901 and the first textiles class in 1903. 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... A university is an institution of higher education and of research, which grants academic degrees at all levels (bachelor, master, and doctor) in a variety of subjects. ... Crown The word ceramic is derived from the Greek word Κεραμεικος (-keramos- the name of a suburb of Athens). ... The Ohio State University is currently the third largest university in the United States and currently ranked by US News and World Report as the best public university in Ohio and the twenty-first best public university in the nation. ... =hiddenStructure style=font-size: smaller; text-align: center; Nickname: The Arch City The Discovery City Motto: Official website: http://www. ... 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Alfred University Fiat Lux Seal image © Alfred University Alfred University (Alfred) is a small, comprehensive university in the Village of Alfred in western New York State, USA, an hour south of Rochester and two hours southeast of Buffalo. ... Alfred, NY is both a town and a village nested in Allegany County, New York. ... The Rhode Island School of Design (commonly abbreviated RISD and pronounced RIZ-dee) is one of the premier fine arts institutions in the United States. ... Nickname: Beehive of Industry Motto: Official website: http://www. ... 1903 (MCMIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

After World War I, a postwar spirit of internationalism influenced the estblsihment of other important craft institutions, such as the Cranbrook Academy of Art in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. Cranbrook craftsmen translated organic and geometric forms into the style that would be known as Art Deco. At Cranbrook, teachers like Maija Grotell produced important work in their own right while also teaching a new generation of young studio craft artists. The Cranbrook Academy of Art, located near Detroit, Michigan is an influential school of architecture and design. ... Bloomfield Hills is a city located in Oakland County, Michigan. ... Asheville City Hall. ...

The Depression years and World War II

During the Depression years, the federal Works Progress Administration fostered crafts projects as well as public works and murals. This enabled crafts to flourish at a local level. At the same time, American art programs began to include craft studies into their curricula. Dorothea Langes Migrant Mother depicts destitute pea pickers in California, centering on Florence Owens Thompson, a mother of seven children, age 32, in Nipomo, California, March 1936. ...

World War II brought an influx of European artists and craftsmen. These European exiles brought with them a range of historical traditions, including not only European craft practices but also knowledge of Asian and other non-Western cultures. During this period, dissatisfaction with industrial society during this period also fostered a supportive environment for handmade art objects. In 1943, the American Craft Council was founded to support craftspeople and cultivate an appreciation for their work. The ACC's founder, Aileen Osborn Webb was potter interested in creating marketing opportunities for studio craftsmen. The organization eventually grew to include "American Craft" magazine and the Museum of Art and Design (then called the Museum of Contemporary Crafts and at one point known as the American Craft Museum). As a result of these phenomena, post-war American craft became stylistically more refined as well as technically more proficient. Combatants Allies: Poland, British Commonwealth, France/Free France, Soviet Union, United States, China, and others Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania, and others Casualties Military dead:17 million Civilian dead:33 million Total dead:50 million Military dead:8 million Civilian dead:4 million Total dead:12 million... 1943 (MCMXLIII) is a common year starting on Friday. ... The Museum of Arts & Design, is an institution formerly known as the American Craft Museum. ...

The 1950s

During the 1950s, some artists turned to the truth-to-materials doctrine. This movement also entailed an emphasis on the collective production of crafts work. Craftsmen sometimes worked together during this period to develop more ambitious projects. In 1954, Peter Voulkos founded the ceramics department at the Otis College of Art and Design (then called the Los Angeles County Art Institute). In California, Voulkos' pottery rapidly became abstract and sculptural. Voulkos then moved to the the University of California, Berkeley, where he founded another ceramics department and taught from 1959 until 1985. // Events and trends This map shows two essential global spheres during the Cold War in 1959. ... 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Peter Voulkos (1924-2002) was an American ceramic artist known for his abstract sculpture. ... Otis College of Art and Design is a four year art and design college located in Los Angeles, California. ... Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 3rd 410,000 km² 402. ... Unfired green ware pottery on a traditional drying rack at Conner Prairie living history museum. ... University of California, Berkeley The University of California, Berkeley (also known as California, Cal, UCB, UC Berkeley, The University of California, or simply Berkeley) is a public, coeducational university situated east of the San Francisco Bay in Berkeley, California, overlooking the Golden Gate. ... 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ...

The 1960s and the new glassblowing movement

The culture of the 1960s was even more conducive to the development of studio crafts. This period saw a rejection of materialism and exploration of alternative ways of living. For some, the creation of handicrafts provided just such an outlet. In 1962, then-ceramics professor Harvey Littleton and chemist Dominick Labino began the contemporary glassblowing movement. The impetus for the movement consisted of their two workshops at the Toledo Museum of Art, during which they began experimenting with melting glass in a small furnace and creating blown glass art. Thus Littleton and Labino were the first to make molten glass feasible for artists in private studios. The 1960s decade refers to the years from 1960 to 1969, inclusive. ... In philosophy, materialism is that form of physicalism which holds that the only thing that can truly be said to exist is matter; that fundamentally, all things are composed of material and all phenomena are the result of material interactions. ... Handicraft, also known as craftwork or simply craft, is a type of work where useful and decorative devices are made completely by hand or using only simple tools. ... 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar). ... Crown The word ceramic is derived from the Greek word Κεραμεικος (-keramos- the name of a suburb of Athens). ... Chemist Julie Perkins of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory pours from a Florence flask. ... Sculpting hot blown glass Glassblowing is the process of forming glass into useful shapes while the glass is in a molten, semi-liquid state. ... The Toledo Museum of Art is an internationally known art museum located in the Old West End neighborhood of Toledo, Ohio, United States. ...

In 1971, Dale Chihuly began the influential Pilchuck Glass School near Stanwood, Washington. Pilchuck Glass School has become a center of the contemporary American Studio Glass movement. 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1971 calendar). ... Dale Chihuly has become famous for his intricate, vividly-colored, eye-catching glasswork. ... Widely recognized as the worlds premier glass school, Pilchuck was founded in 1971 by Dale Chihuly and modeled after the prestigous Haystack Mountain School of Crafts. ... Stanwood is a city located in Snohomish County, Washington. ... Widely recognized as the worlds premier glass school, Pilchuck was founded in 1971 by Dale Chihuly and modeled after the prestigous Haystack Mountain School of Crafts. ...

The Renwick

In 1972, the Smithsonian's Renwick Gallery was founded as a studio craft department of the National Museum of American Art. Housed in the original Corcoran Gallery of Art building across Pennsylvania Avenue from the White House, it provided a distinguished setting for American studio craft objects in Washington, D.C.. 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1972 calendar). ... The Renwick Gallery is part of the Smithsonian American Art Museum, located in Washington, D.C., and focuses on American crafts and decorative arts from the 19th century to the 21st century. ... The Smithsonian American Art Museum is a museum in Washington, D.C. with an extensive collection of American art. ... The Corcoran Gallery of Art is the largest privately supported cultural institution in Washington, DC. The museums main focus is American art. ... Pennsylvania Avenue street sign, 2004. ... The southern side of the White House The White House is the official residence and principal workplace of the President of the United States of America. ... Nickname: the District Motto: Justitia Omnibus (Justice for All) Official website: http://www. ...

Sources

• Barbaralee Diamonstein, "Values, Skills and Dreams: Crafts in America," in Michael Monroe, The White House Collection of American Crafts, Harry N. Abrams, 1995. ISBN 0-8109-4035-3.
• Julie Hall, "Tradition and Change: The New American Craftsman," E.P. Dutton, 1977. ISBN 0-525-22195-6.

Michael Monroe (Matti Fagerholm, born on June 17, 1960 in Helsinki -) is a Finnish rock musician. ...

External links

Bennett Bean's painted pots

• American Craft Council
• Renwick Gallery official website