Subcomandante Marcos in Chiapas

Subcomandante Insurgente Marcos (allegedly born June 19, 1957 in Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico), also known as Delegado Cero (Delegate Zero) in matters concerning the Other Campaign, describes himself as the spokesperson for the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) but, due to his prominence in the EZLN, he is considered by many to be one of its main leaders. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1280x859, 173 KB) Beschreibung Description: Subcomandante Marcos and Comandante Tacho in La Realidad, Chiapas, 1999. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1280x859, 173 KB) Beschreibung Description: Subcomandante Marcos and Comandante Tacho in La Realidad, Chiapas, 1999. ... Chiapas is a state in the southeast of Mexico. ... June 19 is the 170th day of the year (171st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 195 days remaining. ... 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Tampico bridge (finished in October 1988) links the states of Tamaulipas and Veracruz and is a major element in the Gulf of Mexico highway system. ... Tamaulipas is a state in the northeast of Mexico. ... The Other Campaign (Spanish: La otra campaña) is a two-part plan of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN for its Spanish initials). ... A spokesperson (person could be replaced with the gender of the person), or spokesmodel is a person who speaks on behalf of others, but is understood not to be necessarily part of the others (e. ... The flag of the EZLN. The Zapatista Army of National Liberation (Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional, EZLN) is an armed revolutionary group based in Chiapas, one of the poorest states of Mexico. ...

The nickname Marcos is taken from the name of a friend who was killed at a military checkpoint in the road.^[1] It is not, as some times presumed, an acrostic combining the names of the communities where the EZLN first rose in arms: Las Margaritas, Amatenango del Valle, La Realidad, Comitán, Ocosingo, and San Cristóbal Catedral The church of Santo Domingo. ...

Background

The Mexican government believes Marcos to be Rafael Sebastián Guillén Vicente. Guillén attended high school at Instituto Cultural Tampico, a Jesuit school in Tampico, Tamaulipas, where he presumably became acquainted with Liberation Theology.^{[2] [3]} Guillén later moved to Mexico City where he graduated from the Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM), then received a masters' degree in philosophy at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) and began work as a professor at the UAM. After that he left (possibly to begin his revolutionary activity). While Marcos has always denied being Rafael Guillén, Guillén's family are unaware of what happened to him and they refuse to say if they think Marcos and Guillén are the same person or not. Guillén's family is deeply involved in Tamaulipas politics. Guillén's sister, Mercedes del Carmen Guillén Vicente, is the Attorney General of the State of Tamaulipas, and a very influential member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party, the party that governed Mexico for more than 70 years. During the Great March to Mexico City in 2001, Marcos visited the UAM and during his speech he made clear that he had at least been there before.^{[4] [5] [6]} Seal of the Society of Jesus. ... Tampico bridge (finished in October 1988) links the states of Tamaulipas and Veracruz and is a major element in the Gulf of Mexico highway system. ... Tamaulipas is a state in the northeast of Mexico. ... Liberation theology is a school of theology that focuses on Jesus Christ as not only the Redeemer but also the Liberator of the Oppressed. ... Nickname: Ciudad de los Palacios Location of Mexico City in central Mexico Coordinates: Country Mexico Federal entity Federal District Boroughs The 16 delegaciones Founded (as Tenochtitlan) c. ... Metropolitan Autonomous University is a Mexican public university located in Mexico City. ... The National Autonomous University of Mexico (Spanish: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, abbreviated as UNAM) is today the most important Mexican university and was founded in 1551 by Royal Decree signed by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor at Valladolid, Spain. ... The Institutional Revolutionary Party (Spanish: Partido Revolucionario Institucional or PRI) is a Mexican political party that wielded hegemonic power in the country—under a succession of names—for more than 70 years. ... 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Like many of his generation, Guillén was radicalized by the events of 1968 and became a militant in a Maoist organization. However, the encounter with the outlook of the indigenous peasants of Chiapas transformed the Zapatistas' ideology, and Marcos has embraced an approach to social revolution that has been described by some as post-modernist; others argue that his philosophies and actions are more closely related to the revisionist Marxist ideals of Antonio Gramsci that were popular in Mexico during his time at university. A 1978 silkscreen poster by Rini Templeton and Malaquías Montoya created to commemorate the ten-year anniversary of the massacre. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Brazilian Indian chiefs The scope of this indigenous peoples of the Americas article encompasses the definitions of indigenous peoples and the Americas as established in their respective articles. ... Categories: 1911 Britannica | Historical stubs | Feudalism ... Chiapas is a state in the southeast of Mexico. ... Postmodernism (sometimes abbreviated pomo) is a term applied to a wide-ranging set of developments in critical theory, philosophy, architecture, art, literature, and culture, which are generally characterized as either emerging from, in reaction to, or superseding, modernism. ... Antonio Gramsci (IPA: ) (January 22, 1891 – April 27, 1937) was an Italian writer, politician and political theorist. ...

When asked about his first days in Chiapas in the documentary A Place Called Chiapas, Marcos said: A Place Called Chiapas is a documentary on the Zapatistas that provides a first-hand account of the lives of the Zapatistas filmed by Nettie Wild. ...

Imagine a person who comes from an urban culture. One of the world’s biggest cities, with a university education, accustomed to city life. It’s like landing on another planet. The language, the surroundings are new. You’re seen as an alien from outer space. Everything tells you: “Leave. This is a mistake. You don’t belong in this place.” And it’s said in a foreign tongue. But they let you know, the people, the way they act; the weather, the way it rains; the sunshine; the earth, the way it turns to mud; the diseases; the insects; homesickness. You’re being told. “You don’t belong here.” If that’s not a nightmare, what is?

Also in this documentary by Nettie Wild, one is allowed to listen to the powerful rhetoric of the Zapatistas. This is conducted in Spanish, not the native Mayan tongues. With only his eyes and pipe being visible he addresses the film maker: "It is our day, day of the dead". Marcos reveals the Zapatista belief that he is a dead-man and so are the Zapatistas, Dia De Los Muertos redirects here. ...

In the mountains of Chiapas, death was a part of daily life. It was as common as rain or sunshine. People here coexist with death, death of their own, especially the little ones. Paradoxically, death begins to shed its tragic cloak, Death becomes a daily fact. It loses its sacredness. You see it as someone you sit down with at the table, like an old acquaintance. You don't lose you fear of death, but you become familiar with it. It becomes your equal. Death, which is so close, so near, so possible, is less terrifying for us than for others. So, going out and fighting and perhaps meeting death is not as terrible as it seems. For us, at least. In fact, what surprises and amazes us is life itself. The hope of a better life. Going out to fight and to die finding out you're not dead, but alive. And, unintentionally, you realize you are walking on the edge of the border between death and life. You're walking on the edge of the border between them. This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

The Mayans speak of Marcos as "the man with pale skin [who] came to Chiapas twelve years ago". A Mayan woman and matriarch featured in the documentary says of him,

We don't see his face like we see ours. Ours we see clearly, but his stays covered. We can't see him. Whatever the poor eat, he eats. When he's here, is he going to eat better food? What we eat, he eats. We eat vegetables, he does too. We don't believe he's from the city. We can't believe it.

The Mexican government has speculated that Marcos is a professor of philosophy and communications. Marcos' response is that the Zapatista movement is more about ideas than bullets. In an interview he says to reporters about their struggle and faceless opponent,

The only way to get their attention is to kill or be killed. If you ask us what's going to happen in the near future, we have no fucking idea. Sorry for using the word 'idea.' We are ready to go to war or move on to peace. IDEA may refer to: Electronic Directory of the European Institutions IDEA League Improvement and Development Agency Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Indian Distance Education Association Integrated Data Environments Australia Intelligent Database Environment for Advanced Applications IntelliJ IDEA - a Java IDE Interactive Database for Energy-efficient Architecture International IDEA (International Institute... Look up war in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A peace dove, widely known as a symbol for peace, featuring an olive branch in the doves beak. ...

Much of his writings – articles, poems, speeches and letters – have been compiled into a book: Our Word is Our Weapon. In 2005 he wrote a novel called Muertos incómodos (The Uncomfortable Dead), in conjunction with crime writer Paco Ignacio Taibo II. 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Uncomfortable Dead or Inconvenient Dead) (orig. ... Paco Ignacio Taibo II (born 11 January 1949 in Gijón, Asturias), birth name Francisco Ignacio Taibo Mahojo, is a Mexican writer, politician and academic. ...

Political and philosophical writings

From 1992 through 2006, Marcos wrote more than 200 essays and stories and published 21 books in a total of at least 33 editions, amply documenting his political and philosophical views (see Bibliography). The essays and stories are recycled in the books. Marcos tends to prefer indirect expression; his writings are often fables. Some, however, are earthy and direct. In a January 2003, letter to Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (the Basque ETA), titled "I shit on all the revolutionary vanguards of this planet," Marcos says "We teach [children of the EZLN] that there are so many words like colors and that there are so many thoughts because within them is the world where words are born...And we teach them to speak the truth, that is to say, to speak with their hearts."^[7] 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... Politics is the process by which groups make decisions. ... This article is 58 kilobytes or more in size. ... For a comparison of fable with other kinds of stories, see Myth, legend, fairy tale, and fable. ... 2003: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December A timeline of events in the news for January, 2003. ... ETA symbol or ETA (Basque for Basque Homeland and Freedom; IPA pronunciation: [) is a paramilitary Basque nationalist organization. ... The storming of the Bastille, 14 July 1789 during the French Revolution. ...

One of Marcos's most widely known books, La Historia de los Colores, is a story written for children. Based on a Mayan myth of creation, it teaches tolerance and respect for diversity.^[8] The book was to have been published in English translation with support from the U.S. National Endowment for the Arts, but in 1999 the Endowment abruptly cancelled its grant after questions to its chairman, William J. Ivey, from a newspaper reporter.^{[9] [10]} The Lannan Foundation stepped in with support after the NEA withdrew.^[11] 74. ... This article is becoming very long. ... It has been suggested that toleration be merged into this article or section. ... Diversity is the presence of a wide range of variation in the qualities or attributes under discussion. ... The National Endowment for the Arts is a United States federally funded program that offers support and funding for projects that exhibit artistic excellence. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... Bill Ivey was the seventh chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts. ...

Although Marcos's political philosophy has sometimes been characterized as "Marxist," his broadly populist writings concentrate on unjust treatment of people by both business and the State, giving Zapatista ideology a strong Anarchist tinge. In a well known 1992 essay, Marcos begins each of his five "chapters" in a characteristic style of complaint:^[12] Politics is the process by which groups make decisions. ... This article is 58 kilobytes or more in size. ... Marxism is the political practice and social theory based on the works of Karl Marx, a 19th century philosopher, economist, journalist, and revolutionary, along with Friedrich Engels. ... Populism is a political ideology or rhetorical style that holds that the common person is oppressed by the elite in society, which exists only to serve its own interests, and therefore, the instruments of the State need to be grasped from this self-serving elite and instead used for the... Wall Street, Manhattan is the location of the New York Stock Exchange and is often used as a symbol for the world of business. ... A state is a set of institutions that possess the authority to make the rules that govern the people in one or more societies, having internal and external sovereignty over a definite territory. ... It has been suggested that Origins of anarchism and History of anarchism be merged into this article or section. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... An essay is a short work of writing that treats a topic from an authors personal point of view. ...

"This chapter tells how the supreme government was affected by the poverty of the Indigenous peoples of Chiapas and endowed the area with hotels, prisons, barracks, and a military airport. It also tells how the beast feeds on the blood of the people, as well as other miserable and unfortunate happenings...A handful of businesses, one of which is the Mexican State, takes all the wealth out of Chiapas and in exchange leave behind their mortal and pestilent mark."

"This chapter tells the story of the Governor, an apprentice to the viceroy, and his heroic fight against the progressive clergy and his adventures with the feudal cattle, coffee and business lords."

"This chapter tells how the viceroy had a brilliant idea and put this idea into practice. It also tells how the Empire decreed the death of socialism, and then put itself to the task of carrying out this decree to the great joy of the powerful, the distress of the weak and the indifference of the majority."

"This chapter tells how dignity and defiance joined hands in the Southeast, and how Jacinto Pe'rez's phantoms run through the Chiapaneco highlands. It also tells of a patience that has run out and of other happenings which have been ignored but have major consequences."

"This chapter tells how the dignity of the Indigenous people tried to make itself heard, but its voice only lasted a little while. It also tells how voices that spoke before are speaking again today and that the Indians are walking forward once again but this time with firm footsteps."

The elliptical, ironic and romantic style of Marcos's writings may be a way of keeping a distance from the painful circumstances that he reports and protests. In any event, his huge output of words has a purpose, as stated in a 2002 book title, Our Word is Our Weapon.^{[13] [14]} Irony, from the Greek εἴρων (iron), is a literary or rhetorical device made of iron, in which there is a gap or incongruity between what a speaker or a writer says, and what is generally understood (either at the time, or in the later context of history). ... Wanderer above the sea of fog by Caspar David Friedrich Romanticism is an artistic, literary and intellectual movement that originated in 18th century Western Europe. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ...

The Other Campaign

In a widely noted article by Marcos, the Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional (EZLN) announced "La Otra Campaña" / "The Other Campaign" in June, 2005, at the start of campaigns for the Mexican elections of 2006.^[15] The EZLN does not intend to run or promote candidates. Instead it calls for a new constitution prohibiting privatization of public resources and providing autonomy for an estimated 57 indigenous populations. More than 900 organizations have joined The Other Campaign.^[16] The Other Campaign also announced what could be a temporary reorganization of the EZLN, closing the caracoles / councils, urging international supporters to leave those areas, closing the EZLN information center in San Cristóbal de Las Casas and working in a "clandestine and nomadic manner."^[17] The flag of the EZLN. The Zapatista Army of National Liberation (Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional, EZLN) is an armed revolutionary group based in Chiapas, one of the poorest states of Mexico. ... The Other Campaign is a position of opposition to neoliberal capitalism that dominates Mexico. ... Political campaign Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      A political campaign is an organized effort to influence the decision making process within a group. ... For other elections in Mexico during 2006, see 2006 Mexican elections For election disputes and controversies, see Mexican general election 2006 controversies A general election was held in Mexico on Sunday, July 2, 2006. ... Look up Candidate in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Rainforest on Fatu-Hiva, Marquesas Islands Natural resources are naturally occurring substances that are considered valuable in their relatively unmodified (natural) form. ... An autonomous (subnational) entity is a subnational entity that has a certain amount of autonomy. ... A Hupa man. ...

On January 1, 2006, Marcos began a tour of all 31 Mexican states. In an interview several years before, Marcos explained his attitude toward the Mexican government:^[18] January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... The Other Campaign is a position of opposition to neoliberal capitalism that dominates Mexico. ...

"The State Party System is corrupt, it is involved in drug trafficking, it has a wake of deceit, of lies, and of loss of legitimacy with the Mexican nation."

He is personally travelling on a black motorbike, presumably in remembrance of Che Guevara. During the tour, he also has changed his name to "Delegado Cero" / "Delegate Zero." He appeared on Mexican national television on Tuesday, May 9, 2006. Commenting on a riot that began after police tried to evict flower sellers from their stalls in the town of Texcoco, widely reported in Mexico,^[19] Marcos said, "The state police have always been distinguished by their brutality...Enter the state police, and things get out of hand. Enter the federal government, and things get out of hand, and one creates this atmosphere of repression."^[20] Ernesto Guevara de la Serna (June 14,[1] 1928 – October 9, 1967), commonly known as Che Guevara or El Che, was an Argentine-born Marxist revolutionary, medic, political figure, and leader of Cuban and internationalist guerrillas. ...

Marcos and other EZLN spokespersons reject as models what they view as neoliberal regimes in South America, including the governments in Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, Uruguay and Bolivia as of 2006, claiming that these governments did not and will not deliver meaningful changes. As potential leadership for Mexico, they say, in particular, that a government headed by Partido de la Revolución Democrática (PRD) candidate Andrés Manuel López Obrador would resemble that of former president Carlos Salinas de Gortari and would refuse to abandon policies imposed by the World Bank, the World Trade Organization and the United States. The "Town Meeting" style of The Other Campaign, scheduled for January through July 2006, has had some effect on López Obrador, the former mayor of Mexico City and presidential candidate, who campaigned in Chiapas during December, 2005.^[21] Marcos never endorsed Lopez Obrador and rebuked the entire electoral system. The term neoliberalism is used to describe a political-economic philosophy that had major implications for government policies beginning in the 1970s – and increasingly prominent since 1980 – that de-emphasizes or rejects positive government intervention in the economy, focusing instead on achieving progress and even social justice by... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... The Party of the Democratic Revolution (in Spanish: Partido de la Revolución Democrática, PRD) is one of the three main political parties in Mexico. ... Andrés Manuel López Obrador (born 13 November 1953) is a Mexican politician, affiliated with the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Logo of the World Bank The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD, in Romance languages: BIRD), better known as the World Bank, is an international organization whose original mission was to finance the reconstruction of nations devastated by WWII. Now, its mission has expanded to fight poverty by means... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... A town meeting is a meeting where an entire geographic area is invited to participate in a gathering, often for a political or administrative purpose. ... Early elections in November are announced in the Netherlands. ... Nickname: Ciudad de los Palacios Location of Mexico City in central Mexico Coordinates: Country Mexico Federal entity Federal District Boroughs The 16 delegaciones Founded (as Tenochtitlan) c. ... Chiapas is a state in the southeast of Mexico. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Although Marcos and the EZLN have a well articulated mission addressing poverty, through spring, 2006, they have been unable to speak to the concerns of labor unions. The collapse of the Pasta de Conchos mine in Coahuila February 19, 2006, killing 65 miners, might have provided an opportunity.^[22] Police violence against steelworkers in Michoacán April 20, 2006, killing two and injuring 40, might have provided another.^[23] However, on May Day of 2006, instead of demonstrating in solidarity with miners and steelworkers at the Zócalo in Mexico City, The Other Campaign planned to march at different times and places, broadcasting a message about workers' "rights to expropriate the means of production."^[24] Strategic planning is an organizations process of defining its strategy, or direction, and making decisions on allocating its resources to pursue this strategy, including its capital and people. ... A boy from an East Cipinang trash dump slum in Jakarta, Indonesia shows what he found. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... A Trade Union (Labour union) ... is a continuous association of wage-earners for the purpose of maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment. ... The Pasta de Conchos mine disaster occurred at approximately 2:30 a. ... Coahuila (formal name: Coahuila de Zaragoza) is one of Mexicos 31 component states. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... Michoacán de Ocampo (From michamacuan, Nahuatl for the place of the fishermen) is one of the 31 constituent states of Mexico. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... May Day is May 1, and refers to any of several holidays celebrated on this day. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... A man carries a sign at the September 24, 2005 anti-war protest, a demonstration in Washington, D.C. American Civil Rights March on Washington, leaders marching from the Washington Monument to the Lincoln Memorial, August 28, 1963. ... Solidarity is a unity of purpose or togetherness - see solidarity (sociology). ... The Zócalo, Mexico City Flag in center of the Zócalo Catedral Metropolitana La Plaza de la Constitución, informally called El Zócalo, is a square in Mexico City. ... Nickname: Ciudad de los Palacios Location of Mexico City in central Mexico Coordinates: Country Mexico Federal entity Federal District Boroughs The 16 delegaciones Founded (as Tenochtitlan) c. ... The Other Campaign is a position of opposition to neoliberal capitalism that dominates Mexico. ... Marxs theory of alienation (Entfremdung in German), as expressed in the writings of young Karl Marx, refers to the separation of things that naturally belong together, or to antagonism between things that are properly in harmony. ... Expropriation is the act of removing from control the owner of an item of property. ...

Mascot

Subcommander Marcos travels with an animal mascot, a deformed la la rooster he calls "the penguin." According to a New York Times article of January 6, 2006, Marcos uses the animal as a symbol of the various disenfranchised people he champions.^[25] A rooster or cock is a male chicken, the female being a hen. ... January 6 is the 6th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 359 days (360 in leap years) remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...

Bibliography

Books by Marcos

. (1994). Mexico: A Storm and a Prophecy. Westfield, NJ: Open Magazine Pamphlet Series. 

. (1994). Voice of Fire. Berkeley, CA: New Earth Press.  Subtitled Communiques And Interviews From The Zapatista National Liberation Army. With Ben Clarke and Clifton Ross, Editors. Republished 1997, San Francisco: Freedom Voices.

. (1994). Ya basta! Les Insurgés Zapatistes Racontent un An de Révolte au Chiapas. Paris: Éditions Dagorno. 

. (1996). Ya basta! Vers l'Internationale Zapatiste. Paris: Éditions Dagorno. 

. (1996). Chiapas: Le Sud-est en Deux Vents. Montréal: Éditions Mille et Une Nuits.  Subtitled Un Orage et Une Prophétie in Coffret, Dix Textes Contre. French translation of "Chiapas: el Sureste en dos vientos, una tormenta y una profecía" and other essays.

Subcomandante Marcos, et al. (1996). Shadows of Tender Fury. New York: Monthly Review Press.  With John Ross, Editor. Subtitled The Letters and Communiques of Subcomandante Marcos and the Zapatista Army of National Liberation. English translation of unpublished works.

. (1996). La Historia de los Colores. Guadalajara, Mexico: Colectivo Callejero.  Illustrated by Domitila Dominguez. Republished 1999 and 2003, El Paso, TX: Cincos Puntos Press.

Christopher Day, Mariana Mora and Subcomandante Marcos (1998). EZLN Communiques: Memory from Below. Oakland, CA: Regent Press. 

. (1999). La Historia de los Colores / The Story of Colors. El Paso, TX: Cincos Puntos Press.  Illustrated by Domitila Dominguez. Bilingual edition. Republished 2001, London: Latin America Bureau, and 2003, El Paso, TX: Cincos Puntos Press.

. (1999). Desde las Montañas del Sureste Mexicano. Barcelona: Plaza y Janés Editores. 

. (2000). Detras de Nosotros Estamos Ustedes. Barcelona: Plaza y Janés Editores. 

. (2001). El Correo de la Selva. Buenos Aires: Retorica Ediciones. 

. (2001). Contes Maya. Paris: Éditions L'Esprit Frappeur.  LEsprit frappeur (French for ghost or poltergeist), is a French publishing house, specialized in low cost books. ...

Subcomandante Marcos, Elena Poniatowska and Simon Ortiz (2001). Questions and Swords. El Paso, TX: Cinco Puntos Press.  Illustrated by Domitila Dominguez and Antonio Ramirez. Subtitled Folktales of the Zapatista Revolution.

Noam Chomsky, James Petras and Insurgente Marcos Subcomandante (2001). Afghanistan. Buenos Aires: Editorial 21. 

Lauro Zavala, Carlos Monsivais and Subcomandante Marcos, Ed. (2001). Relatos Mexicanos Posmodernos. Madrid: Alfaguara, Santillana Ediciones Generales.  Republished 2002, Miami, FL: Santillana USA Publishing.

. (2002). Nuestra Arma es Nuestra Palabra. Toronto: Siete Cuentos Editorial.  With Juana Ponce de Leon, Editor.

. (2002). Our Word is our Weapon. Toronto: Seven Stories Press.  With Juana Ponce de Leon, Editor. English translation of Nuestra Arma es Nuestra Palabra.

Atilio Boron, Joseph E. Stiglitz and Insurgente Marcos Subcomandante (2002). Mundo Global Guerra Global?. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Continente. 

Sous-commandant Marcos, et al. (2002). Depuis les Montagnes du Sud-est du Mexique. Trois-Rivières, Québec: Écrits des Forges.  French translation of Desde las Montañas del Sureste Mexicano. Republished 2003, Pantin, France: Le Temps des Cerises.

. (2004). Don Durito de la Forêt Lacandone. Lyon: Éditions de la Mauvaise Graine. 

. (2005). Botschaften aus dem lakandonischen Urwald. Hamburg: Edition Nautilus.  German version of Don Durito de la Forêt Lacandone.

Subcomandante Marcos and Paco Ignacio Taibo, II (2005). Muertos Incómodos. Miami, FL: Planeta Publishing.  Subtitled Falta lo que Falta.

Subcomandante Marcos and Paco Ignacio Taibo, II (2005). Unbequeme Tote. Berlin Assoziation A.  German translation of Muertos Incómodos.

Paco Ignacio Taibo, II, and Sous-commandant Marcos (2006). Des Morts qui Dérangent. Paris: Éditions Rivages.  French translation of Muertos Incómodos.

Subcomandante Marcos and Paco Ignacio Taibo, II (2005). Morti Scomodi. Padova: Società Cooperativa Carta. Italian translation of Muertos Incómodos. Full text online.

Subcomandante Marcos and Paco Ignacio Taibo, II (2006). The Uncomfortable Dead. New York: Akashic Books.  Subtitled What's Missing is Missing. English translation of Muertos Incómodos. (Scheduled release September, 2006.)

. (2006). Conversations with Durito. Brooklyn, NY: Autonomedia.  Subtitled Stories of the Zapatistas and Neoliberalism. Expanded version of Don Durito de la Forêt Lacandone published in French and Botschaften aus dem lakandonischen Urwald published in German.

. (2006). The Other Campaign. San Francisco: City Lights Books.  Subtitled The Zapatista Call for Change from Below. Bilingual edition.

Essays by Marcos

• Writings of Subcommander Marcos of the EZLN. Flag, 2005, Struggle Web site

Books about Marcos and Chiapas Zapatistas

John Ross (1995). Rebellion from the Roots: Indian Uprising in Chiapas. Monroe, ME: Common Courage Press. 

George Allen Collier and Elizabeth Lowery Quaratiello (1995). Basta! Land and the Zapatista Rebellion in Chiapas. Oakland, CA: Food First Books. 

Bertrand de la Grange and Maité Rico (1997). Marcos: La Genial Impostura. Madrid: Alfaguara, Santillana Ediciones Generales. 

Yvon Le Bot (1997). Le Rêve Zapatiste. Paris, Éditions du Seuil. 

Maria del Carmen Legorreta Díaz (1998). Religión, Política y Guerrilla en Las Cañadas de la Selva Lacandona. Mexico City: Editorial Cal y Arena. 

John Womack, Jr. (1999). Rebellion in Chiapas: An Historical Reader. New York: The New Press. 

Manuel Vázquez Montalbán (1999). Marcos: el Señor de los Espejos. Madrid: Aguilar. 

Ignacio Ramonet (2001). Marcos. La dignité rebelle. Paris: Galilée.  Subtitled Conversations avec le Sous-commandant Marcos.

Manuel Vázquez Montalbán (2001). Marcos Herr der Spiegel. Berlin: Verlag Klaus Wagenbach.  German translation of Marcos: el Señor de los Espejos.

Alma Guillermoprieto (2001). Looking for History: Dispatches from Latin America. New York: Knopf Publishing Group. 

Manuel Vázquez Montalbán (2003). Marcos, le Maître des Miroirs. Montréal: Éditions Mille et Une Nuits.  French translation of Marcos: el Señor de los Espejos.

Gloria Muñoz Ramírez (2004). EZLN: 20 et 10, Le Feu et la Parole. Paris: Éditions Nautilus. 

Notes and references

External links

• EZLN and Subcomandante Marcos official web page
• Subcomandante Marcos tribute web page
• A Place Called Chiapas - a 1998 Documentary by Nettie Wild about the Zapatista movement.
• The Other Campaign: A Visual Record of the Zapatistas and Mexico 2006
• Conversations with Don Durito - a collection of Marcos' stories explaining Zapatista resistance through the voice of the beetle Don Durito.