Naval warfare is divided into three operational areas: surface warfare, air warfare and submarine warfare. Each area is comprised of specialized platforms and strategies used to exploit tactical advantages unique and inherent to that area. Naval warfare is combat in and on seas and oceans. ... Naval warfare is divided into three operational areas: surface warfare, air warfare and submarine warfare. ... Aerial warfare is the use of aircraft and other flying machines for the purposes of warfare. ...

Modern submarine warfare is comprised primarily of submarines and other underwater devices, technologies, and strategies for their use in cooperation with other operational areas to complete tactical objectives. USS Los Angeles A submarine is a specialized watercraft that can operate underwater. ...

History

For most of history, submarine warfare has been restricted to the deployment of mines and other unmanned static devices intended to deny use of naval assets on bodies of water. Ancient examples of this kind of warfare include placement of sharpened sticks in shallow water so that soldiers who waded out into the water, or jumped from boats into the water, would be injured. Modern history provides numerous examples of combatants placing obstacles at harbor mouths or in rivers to impede the passage of shipping. A naval mine is a stationary self-contained explosive device placed in water, to destroy ships and/or submarines. ...

Explosive mines were developed in the 18th century in naval applications, but their use was limited by the lack of adequate fusing technology. (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ...

The first attempted submarine attack in wartime was by Sgt. Ezra Lee of the U.S. Continental Army in David Bushnell's hand-cranked egg-like submersible, Turtle, in New York harbor during the Revolutionary War. The first successsful submarine attack in wartime was by Confederate submarine CSS H.L. Hunley (named for her designer, Horace Hunley), which sank frigate USS Housatonic. Not until the end of the 19th century had technology advanced sufficiently (batteries and diesel engines) to permit the production of submarines that could actually influence a war, with the appearance of John P. Holland's A-1. The American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a war fought primarily between Great Britain and revolutionaries within thirteen of her North American colonies. ... For other meanings of confederate and confederacy, see confederacy (disambiguation) National Motto Deo Vindice (Latin: Under God our Vindicator) Official language English de facto nationwide Various European and Native American languages regionally Capital Montgomery, Alabama February 4, 1861–May 29, 1861 Richmond, Virginia May 29, 1861–April 9, 1865 Largest... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Submarines were the weapon of the guerre de course (commerce war), which weaker nations were forced into by stronger naval rivals. It is contrary to the doctrine of Mahan, which calls for "decisive battle" against the enemy's fleet to ensure commerce protection. During World War Two, Germany and the United States relied on guerre de course, which nearly defeated Britain and ruined Japan's economy. Mahan was a tribal confederation in Iron Age Korea around the beginning of the Common Era. ... German soldiers at the Battle of Stalingrad World War II was the most extensive and costly armed conflict in the history of the world, involving the great majority of the worlds nations, being fought simultaneously in several major theatres, and costing tens of millions of lives. ...

See also: Unrestricted submarine warfare Unrestricted submarine warfare is a kind of naval warfare in which submarines sink merchant ships without warning. ...