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Substitutionary atonement is the act of restoring balances by substitution. For example, one might say that if you take an apple from a store and eat it, you need to replace it with a substitution, such as another apple or money. In the event of a wrongful act committed which cannot be undone, a substitution must be found as a recompense; the correction of imbalances created.
In Christian theology, substitutionary atonement is a doctrine which states that Jesus Christ died on the Cross as a propitiatory substitute provided by God for sinners. Hence, according to this doctrine, he in some way dealt with the punishment that all sinners deserve, enabling them to have their sins forgiven by God. Christian theology practices theology from a Christian viewpoint or studies Christianity theologically. ...
Doctrine, from Latin doctrina, (compare doctor), means a body of teachings or instructions, taught principles or positions, as the body of teachings in a branch of knowledge or belief system. ...
// Jesus, or Jesus of Nazareth, also known as Jesus Christ, is Christianitys central figure, both as Messiah and, for most Christians, as God incarnate. ...
The traditional form of the Christian cross, known as the Latin cross The Christian cross is a familiar religious symbol of most Christianity. ...
Propitiation is a theological term describing an atoning sacrifice. ...
Sin has been a term most usually used in a religious context, and today describes any lack of conformity to the will of God; especially, any willful disregard for the norms revealed by God is a sin. ...
Among those who pioneered the notion of substitutionary atonement were Anselm of Canterbury, Thomas Aquinas, Hugo Grotius, John Calvin, John Miley, and others. Most contemporary Christian evangelicals adhere to some variation of substitutionary atonement theory. Saint Anselm of Canterbury (1033 or 1034 – April 21, 1109), a widely influential medieval philosopher and theologian, held the office of Archbishop of Canterbury from 1093 to 1109. ...
St Thomas Aquinas Saint Thomas Aquinas (1225 – March 7, 1274) was an Italian Catholic philosopher and theologian in the scholastic tradition. ...
Hugo Grotius Hugo Grotius (Huig de Groot, or Hugo de Groot; Delft, 10th April 1583 - Rostock, 28th August 1645) worked as a jurist in the Dutch Republic and laid the foundations for international law, based on natural law. ...
John Calvin (July 10, 1509 – May 27, 1564) was a prominent Christian theologian during the Protestant Reformation and is the namesake of the system of Christian theology called Calvinism. ...
John Miley ( 1813- 1895) was an American Christian theologian in the Methodist tradition who was one of the major Methodist theological voices of the 19th century. ...
The word evangelicalism usually refers to a conservative tendency in diverse branches of Protestantism, typified by an emphasis on evangelism, a personal experience of conversion, biblical inerrancy, biblically-oriented faith, and a belief in the relevance of Christian faith to cultural issues. ...
Key Bible texts
- Isaiah 53:5 - "...he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon him; and with his stripes we are healed." (KJV)
- 2 Corinthians 5:14-15 - "For the love of Christ controls us, because we have concluded this: that one has died for all, therefore all have died; and he died for all, that those who live might no longer live for themselves but for him who for their sake died and was raised." (ESV)
- 1 Peter 2:24 - "And He Himself bore our sins in His body on the cross, so that we might die to sin and live to righteousness; for by His wounds you were healed." (NASB)
Isaiah (Hebrew ישׁעיהו Yeshayahu or Yəša‘ăyÄhû) is a book of the Jewish Hebrew Bible as well as the Christian Old Testament, containing prophecies attributed to Isaiah. ...
This page is about the version of the Bible; for the Harvey Danger album, see King James Version (album). ...
See also: First Epistle to the Corinthians and Third Epistle to the Corinthians The Second Epistle to the Corinthians is a book of the Bible New Testament. ...
The English Standard Version (ESV) is an English translation of the Holy Bible. ...
In Christianity, the First Epistle of Peter is a book of the New Testament. ...
The New American Standard Bible (NASB) an English translation of the Holy Bible. ...
Anselm & Aquinas Some theologians have argued that the punishment due to humans was actually inflicted upon Jesus in his passion. Initially formulated by Anselm of Canterbury in his classic 11th century work Cur Deus Homo (or Why God Became Human), it was expanded upon in the 13th century by Thomas Aquinas in his magnum opus, the Summa Theologica. Aquinas' interpretation of Anselm's thinking was that by taking humankind's punishment, Jesus earned "merit", through which the sacraments can convey grace and enable salvation. Known as the commercial or satisfaction theory, Aquinas' view is the dominant view of the Roman Catholic Church. Saint Anselm of Canterbury (1033 or 1034 – April 21, 1109), a widely influential medieval philosopher and theologian, held the office of Archbishop of Canterbury from 1093 to 1109. ...
St Thomas Aquinas Saint Thomas Aquinas (1225 – March 7, 1274) was an Italian Catholic philosopher and theologian in the scholastic tradition. ...
The Summa Theologica (also widely known as the Summa Theologiae) is the most famous work of St. ...
A sacrament is a Christian rite that mediates divine grace. ...
Divine grace is a Christian term for gifts granted to humanity by God, that God is under no need or obligation to grant. ...
The Satisfaction view of the atonement (also known as the penal or punishment theory) is a doctrine in Christian theology related to the meaning and effect of the death of Jesus Christ and has been traditionally taught in both Catholic and Calvinist circles. ...
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian body, with over 1. ...
Calvin & Calvinism Anselm's views were further developed by 16th century Church reformer John Calvin and those who followed his teachings. Calvinism, following Anselm, generally holds to a penal or punishment model, arguing that Christ on the Cross bore the penalty for the sins of those God has chosen to save, the Elect. Calvinism rejects the notion of merit, however, affirming instead the idea of sola gratia, or salvation by grace alone. John Calvin (July 10, 1509 – May 27, 1564) was a prominent Christian theologian during the Protestant Reformation and is the namesake of the system of Christian theology called Calvinism. ...
Calvinism is a system of Christian theology advanced by John Calvin, a Protestant Reformer in the 16th century, and further developed by his followers, associates and admirers. ...
The Satisfaction view of the atonement (also known as the penal or punishment theory) is a doctrine in Christian theology related to the meaning and effect of the death of Jesus Christ and has been traditionally taught in both Catholic and Calvinist circles. ...
A cross is a geometrical figure consisting of two lines or bars intersecting each other at a 90° angle, dividing one or two of the lines in half. ...
The Calvinist doctrine of predestination, is the religious doctrine sometimes referred to as double predestination. The term double predestination is usually used in a disparaging way to refer to the Calvinist belief that God has not only appointed the eternal destiny of some to salvation (Unconditional election), but also appointed...
The Five Solas are five Latin phrases (or slogans) that emerged during the Protestant Reformation and summarize the Reformers basic beliefs and emphasis in contradistinction to the teaching of the Roman Catholic Church of the day. ...
Grotius & Arminianism 17th century theologian Hugo Grotius developed a particular view of substitutionary atonement known as the forgiveness, moral government, or governmental theory. Grotius theorized that Jesus' sacrificial death occurred in order for the Father to forgive while still maintaining his just rule over the universe. Thus, Jesus' suffering and death served as a substitute for the punishment due humankind, enabling God to forgive human sinners while maintaining his just rule. This theory, further developed by theologians such as John Miley (in his 19th century work Atonement in Christ), became the dominant view in Arminianism and traditional Methodism. Hugo Grotius Hugo Grotius (Huig de Groot, or Hugo de Groot; Delft, 10th April 1583 - Rostock, 28th August 1645) worked as a jurist in the Dutch Republic and laid the foundations for international law, based on natural law. ...
The Governmental view of the atonement (also known as the moral government theory) is a doctrine in Christian theology related to the meaning and effect of the death of Jesus Christ and has been traditionally taught in Arminian circles. ...
John Miley ( 1813- 1895) was an American Christian theologian in the Methodist tradition who was one of the major Methodist theological voices of the 19th century. ...
For the Armenian nationality, see Armenia or the Armenian language. ...
The Methodist movement is a group of denominations of Protestant Christianity. ...
See also The Atonement is the central doctrine of Christianity: everything else derives from it. ...
The Governmental view of the atonement (also known as the moral government theory) is a doctrine in Christian theology related to the meaning and effect of the death of Jesus Christ and has been traditionally taught in Arminian circles. ...
The Satisfaction view of the atonement (also known as the penal or punishment theory) is a doctrine in Christian theology related to the meaning and effect of the death of Jesus Christ and has been traditionally taught in both Catholic and Calvinist circles. ...
Imputed righteousness is a concept in Christian theology directly related to the Protestant doctrine of justification. ...
// General Definition In Christian theology, justification is Gods act making a sinner righteous before Him by His grace, received through the faith given to the person by God, for Christs sake, because of his life, death, and resurrection. ...
Sin has been a term most usually used in a religious context, and today describes any lack of conformity to the will of God; especially, any willful disregard for the norms revealed by God is a sin. ...
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