It has been suggested that Successor state be merged into this article or section. (Discuss)

It has been suggested that Predecessor state be merged into this article or section. (Discuss)

Succession of states is a theory in international politics regarding the acceptance by other states of a newly created state, based on a perceived historical relationship with a prior state. It may refer to the transfer of rights, obligations, and/or property from a prior state to the successor state and has its root in 19th century diplomacy. Image File history File links Please see the file description page for further information. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Succession of states. ... Image File history File links Please see the file description page for further information. ... A predecessor state is an established state in international law that is succeeded by a new state or states. ... The Politics series Politics Portal This box:      Political philosophy is the study of fundamental questions about the state, government, politics, liberty, justice, property, rights, law and the enforcement of a legal code by authority: what they are, why (or even if) they are needed, what makes a government legitimate, what... The Politics series Politics Portal This box:      International relations (IR), a branch of political science, is the study of foreign affairs and global issues among states within the international system, including the roles of states, inter-governmental organizations (IGOs), non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and multinational corporations (MNCs). ... The Politics series Politics Portal This box:      Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions. ... A state is a political association with effective dominion over a geographic area. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Succession of states. ... Diplomat redirects here. ...

Transfer of rights, obligations, and property can include overseas assets (embassies, monetary reserves, museum artifacts), participation in treaties, membership in international organizations, and debts. Often a state chooses piecemeal whether or not it wants to be considered the successor state. A special case arises, however, when the predecessor state was signatory to a human rights treaty, since it would be desirable to hold the successor state accountable to the terms of that treaty, regardless of the successor state's desires. A diplomatic mission is a group of people from one nation state present in another nation state to represent the sending state in the receiving State. ... Reserves are banks holding of deposits in accounts with their national bank (for instance, the Federal Reserve), plus currency that is physically held by banks (vault cash). ... The Louvre Museum in Paris, one of the largest and most famous museums in the world. ... A treaty is a binding agreement under international law concluded by subjects of international law, namely states and international organizations. ... For the political science journal, see: International Organization An international organization (also called intergovernmental organization) is an organization of international scope or character. ... Debt is that which is owed. ... A predecessor state is an established state in international law that is succeeded by a new state or states. ... Human rights are rights which some hold to be inalienable and belonging to all humans. ...

In an attempt to codify the rules of succession of states the Vienna Convention on Succession of States in respect of Treaties was drafted in 1978. It entered into force on November 6, 1996. [1] Vienna Convention on Succession of States in respect of Treaties Opened for signature August 22, 1978 in Vienna Entered into force November 6, 1996 Conditions for entry into force 15 ratifications Parties Bosnia, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Dominica, Ecuador, Egypt, Estonia, Ethiopia, Iraq, Liberia, Morocco, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ... Coming into force refers to the date on which a legislation, or part of legislation, becomes a law. ... November 6 is the 310th day of the year (311th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ...

One recent example of state succession occurred with the dissolution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in 1991. The Russian Federation was declared the USSR's successor state and acquired the USSR's seat as a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council; see Russia's membership in the United Nations. Soviet redirects here. ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ... “UNSC” redirects here. ... Russias membership in the United Nations after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, was the succession of the Soviet Unions seat, including its permanent membership on the UN Security Council. ...

In general the theory is followed in the world community: a new government might be distasteful to others but pragmatically it must be recognized if it exercises de facto control over all of the predecessor state's territory. De facto is a Latin expression that means in fact or in practice. It is commonly used as opposed to de jure (meaning by law) when referring to matters of law or governance or technique (such as standards), that are found in the common experience as created or developed without...

Exceptions

There are several recent examples where succession of states, as described above, has not been entirely adhered to:

• When the Democratic Kampuchea regime of Pol Pot was militarily displaced by the Vietnamese-backed People's Republic of Cambodia, the United Nations seat continued to be held by Democratic Kampuchea for many years.

• The Taliban state (the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan) in Afghanistan became the de facto government of nearly all the country in the mid-1990s, but the Afghan Northern Alliance was still recognised by many nations and retained the UN seat.

• After four of the six constituent republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia seceded in 1991 and 1992, the rump state, renamed the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, claimed to be the legal successor, but was not recognised as such by the United States, and because of its influence, neither by the United Nations on the theory that the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia had dissolved. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (later renamed Serbia and Montenegro) was admitted to membership in the United Nations in 2000; recently, Montenegro declared independence and Serbia inherited the seat.

• The People's Republic of China (PRC) was declared in 1949 as the successor state of the Republic of China (ROC) also Qing Dynasty and exercised sovereignty over mainland China, but the ROC maintained a seat on the Security Council for many years. Eventually, the PRC was admitted to the Security Council in 1971 in place of the ROC.

Kampuchea (Cambodia) Located on the Indochinese peninsula in Southeast Asia , Kampuchea has emerged from 2 decades (10 years) of civil war & invasion from V- ietnam. ... Saloth Sar (May 19, 1925 – April 15, 1998), better known as Pol Pot, was the leader of the Khmer Rouge and the Prime Minister of Cambodia (officially renamed the Democratic Kampuchea during his rule) from 1976 to 1979, having been de facto leader since mid-1975. ... The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... The Taliban (Pashto: , stupid or seekers of ignorance) are a fundamentalist Sunni Muslim and ethnic Pashtun movement that ruled most of Afghanistan from 1996 until 2001, when their leaders were removed from power by American aerial bombardment and Northern Alliance ground forces. ... Flag of the Islamic Emirate Afghanistan (1997-2001). ... For the band, see 1990s (band). ... The Northern Alliance is a term used by the western media, Taliban and Al Qaida to identify the military coalition of various Afghan groups fighting the Taliban. ... Capital Belgrade Language(s) Serbo-Croatian, Slovenian, Macedonian, Albanian, Hungarian and languages of other nationalities. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... A rump state is the remnant of a once-larger government, left with limited powers or authority after a disaster, invasion or military occupation. ... Capital Belgrade Language(s) Serbian Government Republic President  - 1992 - 1993 Dobrica Ćosić  - 1993 - 1997 Zoran Lilić  - 1997 – 2000 Slobodan MiloÅ¡ević  - 2000 - 2003 Vojislav KoÅ¡tunica Prime Minister  - 1992 - 1993 Milan Panić  - 1993 - 1998 Radoje Kontić  - 1998 - 2000 Momir Bulatović  - 2000 - 2001 Zoran Žižić  - 2001 - 2003 DragiÅ¡a Pe... Yugoslavia was a south-eastern European country in the Balkans, a region with a long history of sectarian and ethnic conflict. ... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Anthem Oj, svijetla majska zoro Oh, Bright Dawn of May Montenegro() on the European continent()  —  [] Capital (and largest city) Podgorica Official languages Serbian (Ijekavian dialect)1 Demonym Montenegrin Government Republic  -  President Filip Vujanović  -  Prime Minister Željko Å turanović Independence due to the dissolution of Serbia and Montenegro   -  Declared June 3, 2006... Anthem Serbia() on the European continent() Capital (and largest city) Belgrade Official languages Serbian 1 Recognised regional languages Hungarian, Croatian, Slovak, Romanian, Rusyn 2 Albanian 3 Government Semi-presidential republic  -  President Boris Tadić  -  Prime Minister Vojislav KoÅ¡tunica Establishment  -  Formation 9th century   -  First unified state c. ... 1949 (MCMXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1949 calendar). ... Motto none Anthem National Anthem of the Republic of China Capital Taipei (formerly and de jure Nanking) Largest city Taipei Official languages Standard Mandarin (GuóyÇ”) Government Semi-presidential system  -  President Chen Shui-bian  -  Vice President Annette Lu  -  Premier Chang Chun-hsiung Establishment Xinhai Revolution   -  Independence declared October 10, 1911... Flag (1890-1912) Anthem Gong Jinou (1911) Territory of Qing China in 1892 Capital Shengjing (1636-1644) Beijing (1644-1912) Language(s) Chinese Manchu Mongolian Government Monarchy Emperor  - 1636-1643 Huang Taiji  - 1908-1912 Xuantong Emperor Prime Minister  - 1911 Yikuang  - 1911-1912 Yuan Shikai History  - Establishment of the Late... ... “UNSC” redirects here. ...

See also

• International law