Sud Aviation Caravelle
Belgrade Aviation Museum, Old Sud Aviation Caravelle of JAT.
Type	Airliner
Manufacturer	Sud Aviation

The SE 210 Caravelle was the first short/medium-range jet airliner, produced by the French Sud Aviation firm starting in 1955 (when it was still known as SNCASE). It is generally considered to be one of the first successful jet airliner designs, as the earlier De Havilland Comet had suffered a series of in-flight breakups that led to it being withdrawn from service for a period, and the Avro Jetliner was cancelled due to overcommitment. The Caravelle would go on to be one of the most successful jetliners for a number of years, sold throughout Europe and even a run of 20 in the United States. The Caravelle is historically important as the aircraft that established the aft-mounted, clean-wing design that was closely followed by the Douglas DC-9, BAC 1-11, Boeing 727, Tupolev Tu-134 and Tu-154, Ilyushin Il-62, Hawker-Siddeley HS-121, Fokker 28/70/100, Vickers VC-10, and the forthcoming ACAC ARJ21. Image File history File links Caravelle_yu. ... The Museum of Yugoslav Aviation was founded in 1957 and is located at Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport. ... The Jat people (IAST: , Hindi: , Punjabi: , Urdu: ‎) of Northern India and Pakistan, are descendants of Indo-Aryan/Indo-Scythian tribes. ... An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing, building, testing, selling, and maintaining aircraft, aircraft parts, missiles, rockets, and/or spacecraft. ... Sud Aviation was a French state-owned aircraft manufacturer, originating from the merger of SNCASE (Société Nationale de Constructions Aéronautiques du Sud-Est) and SNCASO (Société Nationale de Constructions Aéronautiques du Sud-Ouest) on March 1, 1957. ... An Airbus A340 airliner operated by Air Jamaica An airliner is a large fixed-wing aircraft with the primary function of transporting paying passengers. ... Sud Aviation was a French state-owned aircraft manufacturer, originating from the merger of SNCASE (Société Nationale de Constructions Aéronautiques du Sud-Est) and SNCASO (Société Nationale de Constructions Aéronautiques du Sud-Ouest) on March 1, 1957. ... The Société Nationale des Constructions Aéronautiques du Sud-Est (SNCASE, or simply Sud-Est) was a French aircraft manufacturer. ... The de Havilland Comet of Britain was the worlds first commercial jet airliner. ... Avro Canada C-102 Rolls-Royce Derwent Engine, used in the Avro Jetliner The C-102 Jetliner was a medium-range jet airliner built by Avro Canada in 1949. ... The Douglas Aircraft Company was founded by Donald Wills Douglas, Sr. ... The Douglas DC-9 is a twin-engined jet airliner, first manufactured in 1965 and, in much modified form and under a succession of different names. ... The British Aircraft Corporation, or BAC, was a British aircraft manufacturer, formed from the forced merger of the Bristol Aeroplane Company, English Electric, Vickers-Armstrong and Hunting Aircraft Company in 1959. ... The BAC 1-11, or One-Eleven, was a short-range jet airliner designed by Hunting Aircraft and produced by the British Aircraft Corporation (BAC) after Hunting was merged with several other British aviation firms in 1960. ... The Boeing Company (NYSE: BA, TYO: 7661 ) is an aerospace and defense corporation headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. ... The Boeing 727 is a mid-size, single-aisle (narrow-body) commercial jet airliner. ... Tupolev (Russian: Туполев) is a Russian aerospace and defence company. ... An Aeroflot Tu-134 sits on the tarmac The Tupolev Tu-134 was a Russian twin-engined airliner, similar to the American Douglas DC-9. ... The Tupolev Tu-154 is a Russian medium-range trijet airliner. ... Ilyushin (Russian: Илью́шин) is a Russian (formerly Soviet) aircraft manufacturer (design office prefix Il), founded by Sergey Vladimirovich Ilyushin. ... The Ilyushin Il-62 is a long range airliner which is similar in appearance to the Vickers VC-10, which was built in 1967. ... Hawker-Siddeley was a British aircraft manufacturing company. ... Trident 1F The Trident, model DH121 or HS121, was a short/medium-range airliner designed by de Havilland in the 1950s, and built by the Hawker-Siddeley Group in the 1960s when de Havilland was merged, along with several other British aviation firms. ... Fokker 100 of British Midland Airways For the physicist and musician, see Adriaan Fokker. ... Vickers was a famous name in British engineering that existed through many companies from 1828 until 2004. ... The VC-10 airliner was designed and built by Vickers (part of the British Aircraft Corporation) in the 1960s. ... The ACAC ARJ21 Advanced Regional Jet is the first jet aircraft for regional flights designed and made completely in the Peoples Republic of China, with the exception of the engine produced by General Electric. ...

Development

On October 12, 1951 the Comité du Matériel Civil (civil aircraft committee) published a specification for a medium range aircraft, which was later sent to the industry by the Direction Technique et Industrielle. This called for an aircraft carrying 55 to 65 passengers and 1,000 kg of cargo on routes up to 2,000 km with a cruise speed about 600 km/h. The type and number of engines wasn't specified. Various design studies for aircraft in this category had been underway since 1946 by several of the leading French aircraft manufacturing organisations, but none had the financial power to start construction. October 12 is the 285th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (286th in leap years). ... 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ...

Response from the French industry was strong, with every major manufacturer sending in at least one proposal, with a total of 20 different designs were received. Most of the proposals used all-turbojet power, although Breguet entered a number of designs for both turbojet and turboprop types; among these was one for an Atar-powered tri-jet to be developed in association with the SNCA du Nord and a turboprop type, all known as Br. 978. Hurel-Dubois entered several turboprop designs based on a narrow fuselage and shoulder mounted wing similar to many regional propliners. Proposals from the SNCA du Sud-Ouest included the S.O.60 with two Rolls-Royce Avon RA.7 engines, with two smaller Turbomeca Marborés as auxiliaries. SNCA du Sud-Est returned a number of designs from the X-200 to X-210, all of them pure-jet. Turbojets are the simplest and oldest kind of general purpose jet engine. ... The Société des Ateliers dAviation Louis Bréguet, a former French aircraft manufacturer, was set up in 1911 by aviation pioneer Louis Charles Breguet. ... A schematic diagram showing the operation of a turboprop engine. ... Nord may refer to: Places: Nord (département), in France Nord, Greenland Nord Region, Burkina Faso Nord Department, Haiti 6th SS Mountain Division Nord - WaffenSS division in WW2 Note: Nord means North in German, French, Italian, Swedish, Danish, Catalan, and Norwegian. ... ... The Rolls-Royce Avon turbojet was developed by Cyril Lovesey who had previously been in charge of Merlin development at Rolls-Royce. ... J69 turbojet, a licensed version of the Marboré engine series. ... ...

After studying the various entries, the Comité du Matériel Civil cut the list to three entrants on March 28, 1952: the four-engined Avon/Marbore S.0.60, the twin-Avon Hurel-Dubois project, and the three-Avon Sud-Est X-210. At this point Rolls-Royce started offering a new version of the Avon that could develop 9,000 lbf (40 kN) thrust, making the auxiliary engines on the S.O.60 and the third engine on the X-210 unnecessary. March 28 is the 87th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (88th in leap years). ... 1952 (MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Rolls-Royce Limited was a British car and aero-engine manufacturing company founded by Henry Royce and C.S. Rolls in 1906 and was the result of a partnership formed in 1904. ...

The Committee requested SNCASE re-submit the X-210 as a twin-Avon design. In doing so they decided not to bother moving the remaining engines from their rear-mounted position; most designs mounted the engines under the wing where they can be mounted on the spar for lower overall weight, but SNCASE felt the savings weren't worth the effort. This turned out to be a benefit to the design, as the cabin noise was greatly reduced. The revised X-210 design with twin Avons was re-submitted to the SGACC in July 1952.

Two months later the SNCASE received official notification that its design had been accepted. On July 6, 1953 the SGACC ordered two prototypes and two static airframes for fatigue testing. Sud's design licensed several fuselage features from de Havilland, a company Sud had dealings with for several earlier designs. The nose area and cockpit layout were both taken directly from the Comet, while the rest of the plane was locally designed. July 6 is the 187th day of the year (188th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 178 days remaining. ... 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... Until 1920, Geoffrey de Havillands de Havilland Aircraft Company had been known as Airco, where he was owner and chief designer. ...

The first prototype was rolled out on April 21, 1955, and flew on May 27, the second followed a year later on May 6, 1956. The first prototype had a cargo door on the lower left side of the fuselage, but this was removed the second prototype for an all-seating arrangement. The first order was from Air France in 1956, followed by SAS in 1957. That year Sud-Est merged with Sud-Ouest to become Sud Aviation, but the original SE naming was retained. More orders followed, mainly triggered by presentations on airshows and demonstrations to potential customers. The Caravelle was certified in May 1959 and entered shortly after service with SAS and AF. April 21 is the 111th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (112th in leap years). ... 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... May 27 is the 147th day (148th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 218 days remaining. ... May 6 is the 126th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (127th in leap years). ... 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Air France (Compagnie Nationale Air France) is a subsidiary of Air France-KLM. Before its merger with KLM, it was the national airline of France, employing 71,654 people (as of January 2005). ... Scandinavian Airlines System is a multi-national airline for Denmark and Sweden, SAS Braathens for Norway and the leading carrier in the Nordic countries. ... Le Sud-Ouest is a borough of Montreal, Quebec. ...

Several models were produced over the lifetime of the production run, as the power of the available engines grew and allowed for higher takeoff weights. By this time most of Sud Aviation's design department turned to a supersonic transport of the same general size and range as the Caravelle, naturally naming it the Super-Caravelle, however this work would later be merged with similar work at the Bristol Aeroplane Company to produce the Concorde. In some configurations, aircraft had a number of rearward facing passenger seats, an uncommon seating arrangement for civil aircraft. A supersonic transport (SST) is a civil aircraft designed to transport passengers at speeds greater than the speed of sound. ... The Super-Caravelle was a design for a supersonic transport from Sud Aviation in France. ... Bristol Aeroplane Company logo The Bristol Aeroplane Company (formerly British and Colonial Aeroplane Company) was a major British aircraft company which, in 1959, merged with several major British aircraft companies, to become the British Aircraft Corporation and later still part of British Aerospace, now BAE Systems. ... British Airways Concorde G-BOAB. Concorde G-BOAD on a barge beneath Verrazano Narrows Bridge in New York City in November 2003, bound for the Intrepid Sea-Air-Space Museum. ...

In total 282 Caravelles of all types were built (2 prototype or pre-production aircraft and 280 production aircraft), with Sud Aviation's break-even point at around the 200 mark.

Models

• Caravelle I : Similar to the original prototypes, 20 sold; to Air France (10), SAS (6), Air Algérie (2), and VARIG (2). One of the VARIG examples was leased by Sud to Air Vietnam and Middle East Airlines before delivery to Royal Air Maroc.
• Caravelle IA : 12 built. They were 50 cm longer than the prototype, had higher weights and bigger engines. Deliveries were to Air France, SAS, Air Algérie, Finnair, and Royal Air Maroc.
• Caravelle III : Same length as the IA, but again higher weights and bigger engines. The Series III was the best-selling Caravelle with 78 built. Out of the 32 Series I, 31 were upgraded to Series III specs. Major deliveries to Air France, as well as examples for Swissair, Alitalia, SAS, and Royal Air Maroc.
• Caravelle VI-N : Similar to the III, but with even-larger engines. Out of the 78 Series III, 5 were upgraded to Series VI N. Launched in 1960, 53 built.
• Caravelle VI-R : Similar to the VI-N, but added thrust reversers and spoilers. Launched in 1961, 56 built, 20 for United Airlines. Other series VI customers included Panair do Brasil (4), Cruzeiro do Sul (3), LAN Chile (3), Aerolineas Argentinas (3), and Indian Airlines (9).
• Caravelle VII : This was a modified Series III which was purchased by General Electric and equipped with GE CJ-805 engines. It would form the basis for later sales into the US. A TWA order for 20 aircraft was cancelled in favor of the DC-9.
• Caravelle 10A :Based on the Series VII, but intended for the US market. The 10A was 1 meter longer than the Series VI, with the windows were located 200 mm higher on the fuselage and an APU was installed in the rear. A modified wing with improved flaps was also included to meet FAA requirements. However TWA later cancelled its order due to financial problems, and by the time they were ready to purchase new designs the Douglas DC-9 was available. Only a single Caravelle 10A was ever built.
• Caravelle 10B (Super-Caravelle): Based on the Series 10A, but mounting Pratt & Whitney JT8D engines instead of the General Electric models. The 10B first flew in 1964 and was produced as a run of 22 aircraft. Primary operator of the 10B was Finnair with 8 examples. Aviaco ordered 5 but this was cancelled, with those aircraft going to Sterling Airways, LTU, and Iberia. ALIA and JTA also acquired aircraft.
• Caravelle 10R : A combination of the 10B's engines on the Series VI-R fuselage, creating a smaller but higher powered plane. 20 built starting in 1965.
• Caravelle 11R : The 11R was a Series 10R with the cargo hold from the original prototype re-introduced. This enabled it to carry a mixed load of passengers and cargo. First flight of the series 11R was in 1967. A total of 6 planes was built and delivered to Air Afrique, Air Congo, and Transeuropa of Spain.
• Caravelle 12 (Super-Caravelle) : The Series 12 was a 10B with a noticeably longer fuselage, stretched by 3.2 meters, and a newer uprated version of the JT8D engines. This allowed for up to 128 passengers over a reduced range. The 12 was aimed primarily at the charter market, produced to 12 examples starting in 1972. By this point the original SST Super-Caravelle was in production as the Concorde, and the 12 was often referred to by this name. Launch customer for the Series 12 was Sterling Airways with 7 delivered, while the remaining 5 went to AirInter. Series 12's flew in Europe until October 1996, and in Africa until recently.

Air France (Compagnie Nationale Air France) is a subsidiary of Air France-KLM. Before its merger with KLM, it was the national airline of France, employing 71,654 people (as of January 2005). ... Scandinavian Airlines System is a multi-national airline for Denmark and Sweden, SAS Braathens for Norway and the leading carrier in the Nordic countries. ... Air Algérie (Arabic: الخطوط الجوية الجزائرية|; transliterated: al-Khutut al-Jawiyah al-Jazaa-iriyah) is the national flag carrier airline of Algeria. ... VRG Linhas Aéreas, or Varig (Viação Aérea RIo Grandense) is an airline based in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ... Air Vietnam Air Vietnam (Air VN) began in 1951, as Vietnam’s first commercial air carrier, establised under Emperor Bao Dai the Chief of State of South Vietnam. ... Middle East Airlines (Arabic: طيران الشرق الأوسط), also known by its long name, Middle East Airlines Air Liban (Arabic: طيران الشرق الأوسط الخطوط الجوية اللبنانية), is the national flag-carrier airline of Lebanon, based in Beirut. ... Finnair Airbus A320-200 Finnair MD-11, decorated with Moomin characters Finnair is Finlands largest airline and the national flag carrier. ... Royal Air Maroc (commonly called RAM) is the national airline of Morocco, based in Casablanca. ... Air France (Compagnie Nationale Air France) is a subsidiary of Air France-KLM. Before its merger with KLM, it was the national airline of France, employing 71,654 people (as of January 2005). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Alitalia (ISE: IT0003331888) (Linee Aeree Italiane) (IATA: AZ, ICAO: AZA, and Callsign: Alitalia) is the national airline of Italy. ... KLM Fokker 70 with reverse thrust applied. ... This KLM cityhopper Fokker 70 still has its spoilers/airbrakes deployed (the cream-coloured panels projecting above the top surface of the wing) after landing at Bristol International Airport, England. ... United Airlines, Inc. ... Lan (formerly LanChile) is a airline based at Arturo Merino Benitez International Airport in Santiago, Chile, with flights to Latin America, North America, Polynesia, and Europe. ... Aerol neas Argentinas is Argentinas largest domestic and international airline. ... The logo used while the company was called Indian Airlines Executive class cabin of an Indian Airbus A320 Indian Airlines, Limited or Indian (Hindi: इंडियन ) is Indias state owned primarily domestic airline, under the federal Union Ministry of Civil Aviation and based in New Delhi. ... GE redirects here. ... The Twa, also known as Batwa, are a pygmy people, of short stature, who were the oldest recorded inhabitants of the Great Lakes region of central Africa. ...   FAA redirects here. ... The Douglas DC-9 is a twin-engined jet airliner, first manufactured in 1965 and, in much modified form and under a succession of different names. ... This section does not cite its references or sources. ... Finnair Airbus A320-200 Finnair MD-11, decorated with Moomin characters Finnair is Finlands largest airline and the national flag carrier. ... Aviaco (Aviación y Comercio SA) was an spanish airline founded february 18, 1948. ... Sterling European Airlines AS is a Danish airline, founded in 1994. ... LTU may mean: Land treatment unit, a term in bioremediation Lambda the Ultimate, a weblog devoted to programming languages La Trobe University, a university in Australia Liaoning Technical University, a university in China LuleÃ¥ University of Technology, a university in Sweden LTU International Airways, a German charter airline company LTU... Iberia can mean: The Iberian peninsula of South west Europe; That part of it once inhabited by the Iberians, who spoke the Iberian language. ... The Java Transaction API is one of the J2EE APIs allowing distributed transactions to be done across multiple XA resources. ... On March 28, 1961, Air Afrique was established as a transnational African airline cofounded by Air France and the following 11 Western African countries: Benin Burkina Faso Central African Republic Chad Congo Republic Ivory Coast Mali Mauritania Niger Senegal Togo. ... Air Congo was set up in 1961 by the Congolese government and SABENA. Air Congo began services in a close partnership with SABENA which had been serving the Belgian colony of Congo since the 1930s with DC-3s, DC-4s, and DC-6s. ... A supersonic transport (SST) is a civil aircraft designed to transport passengers at speeds greater than the speed of sound. ... The Super-Caravelle was a design for a supersonic transport from Sud Aviation in France. ... British Airways Concorde G-BOAB. Concorde G-BOAD on a barge beneath Verrazano Narrows Bridge in New York City in November 2003, bound for the Intrepid Sea-Air-Space Museum. ... Sterling European Airlines AS is a Danish airline, founded in 1994. ...

Surviving aircraft

• World Airline Fleets News reported in September 2004 that the last operational Caravelle, a model 11R, registration 3D-KIK, was lost when it crashed at Gisenyi airport, Rwanda on 28 August 2004. It was flying from Kinshasa to Goma in the DR Congo when for unknown reasons it attempted to land at the neighbouring Gisenyi airport, whose runway was too short for the aircraft.

• May 2005 issue of Airliner World stated in a special "50th anniversary of Caravelle" article, that there are two Caravelles reported as flying/flyable. Both of them are in Africa, most probably at Kinshasa. Seeing them flying today is unlikely.

• The first Caravelle painted in United Airlines markings is currently located at Port Columbus International Airport in Columbus, Ohio (39 deg 59' 25.75N 82 deg 52' 26.07 W). This aircraft never operated with the airline, but flew at the Paris Airshow in 1957 with United Airline's markings to promote the sale of the Caravelle to the airline. This aircraft flew for many years in Brazil before being acquired by an air cargo service in London, Ohio in 1979. In 1982 it was donated to the Ohio History of Flight Museum at Port Columbus International Airport and was displayed outside the Museum for many years. The Museum closed in 1995 and the Caravelle was donated to the Port Authority of Columbus which moved it to a remote ramp at the airport. In 1998 the Airport's fire department began using the airframe for firefighting training. Today the aircraft remains near the south east corner of the Airport in deteriorated condition and missing its nose radome.

• One deteriorated Caravelle, in a poor condition and without engines is parked on the grass of Rennes Airport, France, near the Yankee Delta building.

• One Caravelle is outside of the Belgrade Aviation Museum in Belgrade, Serbia, near the Nikola Tesla International Airport. The aircraft was from JAT Yugoslav Airlines from some 3-4 decades ago.

• At least until 2001, there was a Caravelle at Le Bourget Aerospace Museum in Paris.

• A 1959 Caravelle III, "Finn Viking", SAS reg number LN-KLH is preserved at the Museum of technology, Oslo, Norway ([1]).

• One Caravelle is located at the Stockholm Arlanda Airport. The aircraft engines are run monthly to maintain them, and lubricate the hydraulic system. The aircraft is owned by "Le Caravelle Club". Ex-Swedish Air Force Tp85 tail numer 852. Ex-SAS reg. SE-DAI.

• A Sabena Caravelle is located at the Brussels museum for Aviation.

• A former United Airlines Caravelle, in Airborne Express livery, is parked at the New England Air Museum, Windsor Locks, Connecticut, USA.

• One Caravelle in good condition is located in Makedonia Airport, Thessaloniki [Greece]. It is located in the Air Club yard, easily seen from the main airport entrance.

• In August 2006 a total of 2 Caravelle aircraft (a model 10B and a model 11R) remain in service in Kinshasa with Waltair ^[1] , although it is possible that they are parked most of the time, if not completely withdrawn. Also it is not completely clear who owns these aircraft.

• N98KT, a Caravelle VI-R, is parked at Van Nuys Airport in Van Nuys (near Los Angeles), California. It is visible from Woodley Ave., across the street from the Van Nuys Flyaway bus terminal.

• N1001, the first production Caravelle VI-R, is preserved at the Pima Air & Space Museum in Tucson, Arizona.

• An unidentified Caravelle model is located at the Pima Community College Aviation Technology Center, 7211 S. Park Avenue, Tucson Arizona. The aircraft has been stripped of any paint/markings, and is easily seen from the roadway that passes just west of the Center.

• Another preserved ex-Air-France-Aircraft sits besides the tower at Avignon Airport in Southern France.

• The Aircraft Museum of Montelimar in Southern France has a French ex-military Caravelle. Visitors can climb inside.

• Swedish Air Force Museum in Linköping cares for one Caravelle III serial# 172. Ex-Swedish Air Force Tp85 tail numer 851. Ex-SAS reg. SE-DAG.

• A former United Airlines Caravelle airframe was used by the United States Air Force for firefighting training.

• A Caravelle aircraft used for microgravity flights is parked at Bordeaux-Merignac airport.

Gisenyi is a lake resort, lying on Lake Kivu in Rwanda. ... August 28 is the 240th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (241st in leap years), with 125 days remaining. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Kinshasa (formerly Léopoldville or, before 1960, also Leopoldstad) is the capital and largest city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. ... Goma is a large city in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. ... Airliner World is an aviation magazine that is published by Key Publishing LTD from Lincs, United Kingdom and distributed by Seymour Distribution LTD in London. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa. ... Kinshasa (formerly Léopoldville or, before 1960, also Leopoldstad) is the capital and largest city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. ... United Airlines, Inc. ... Port Columbus International Airport (IATA: CMH, ICAO: KCMH) is a public airport located 6 miles (10 km) east of downtown Columbus, Ohio. ... Nickname: The Arch City The Discovery City Location in the state of Ohio, USA Coordinates: Country United States State Ohio Counties Franklin, Delaware, and Fairfield  - Mayor Michael B. Coleman (D) Area    - City  212. ... The Paris Air Show (Salon International de lAéronautique et de lEspace, Paris-Le Bourget) is an international trade fair for the aerospace business. ... 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For the song by The Smashing Pumpkins, see 1979 (song). ... 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Port Columbus International Airport (IATA: CMH, ICAO: KCMH) is a public airport located 6 miles (10 km) east of downtown Columbus, Ohio. ... 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean [1]. // Coated in ice, power and telephone lines sag and often break, resulting in power outages. ... Belgrade (Serbian: Београд or Beograd  ) is the capital and the largest city of Serbia. ... Anthem: Serbia() on the European continent() Capital (and largest city)  Belgrade Official languages Serbian written with the Cyrillic alphabet1 Government Parliamentary republic  -  President Boris Tadić  -  Prime Minister Vojislav KoÅ¡tunica Establishment  -  Formation 7th century   -  Independence c. ... Belgrade Airport (Serbian: Aerodrom Beograd, cyrillic Аеродром Београд) (IATA airport code: BEG, ICAO airport code: LYBE) is Serbias busiest airport. ... Jat Airways is the national airline of Serbia and the former national carrier of Yugoslavia, based in Belgrade, Serbia. ... Stockholm-Arlanda, or simply Arlanda, is an international airport located in Sigtuna Municipality, 42 km north of Stockholm and 31 km south of Uppsala. ... SABENA was the former national airline of Belgium, which mainly operated from Brussels National Airport. ... The Museum is situated in two large display buildings consisting of more than 75,000 square feet of exhibit space. ... Kinshasa (formerly Léopoldville or, before 1960, also Leopoldstad) is the capital and largest city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. ... Van Nuys Airport (IATA: VNY,ICAO: KVNY) is a public airport located in Van Nuys, California in the San Fernando Valley, within the Los Angeles city limits. ... Van Nuys is a district within the city of Los Angeles, California, United States. ... Flag Seal Nickname: City of Angels Location Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates , Government State County California Los Angeles County Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 1,290. ... The Pima Air & Space Museum is the worlds largest non-government funded aerospace museum. ... Nickname: The Old Pueblo Location in Pima County and the state of Arizona Coordinates: Country United States State Arizona Counties Pima Government  - Mayor Bob Walkup (R) Area  - City  195. ...

Military Operators

• Argentina, Central African Republic, Chad, France, Gabon, Mauritania, Mexico, Rwanda, Sweden.

Specifications (Caravelle III)

General characteristics

• Capacity: 89
• Payload: 8,4 t ()
• Length: 32 m ()
• Wingspan: 34,3 m ()
• Height: (9,0 m)
• Empty weight: 24,2 t ()
• Max takeoff weight: 46 t ()
• Powerplant: 2× Rolls-Royce Avon RA 29 Mk.527

Performance

• Range: 1700 km ()

The distance AB is the wing span of this Aer Lingus Airbus A320. ... In aviation, the Maximum Take-Off Weight (or MTOW) is the maximum weight with which an aircraft is allowed to try to achieve flight. ... The Rolls-Royce Avon turbojet was developed by Cyril Lovesey who had previously been in charge of Merlin development at Rolls-Royce. ... The maximal total range is the distance an aircraft can fly between takeoff and landing as limited by its fuel capacity. ...

References

1. ^ Flight International, 3-9 October 2006

Flight International is a magazine relating to airlines, general aviation, and aerospace manufacture. ...

Related content

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Sud Aviation Caravelle

Related development

• De Havilland Comet
• Sud Aviation Super-Caravelle
• BAC Concorde

Comparable aircraft

• Douglas DC-9
• BAC 1-11

  Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... The de Havilland Comet of Britain was the worlds first commercial jet airliner. ... The Super-Caravelle was a design for a supersonic transport from Sud Aviation in France. ... British Airways Concorde G-BOAB. Concorde G-BOAD on a barge beneath Verrazano Narrows Bridge in New York City in November 2003, bound for the Intrepid Sea-Air-Space Museum. ... The Douglas Aircraft Company was founded by Donald Wills Douglas, Sr. ... The Douglas DC-9 is a twin-engined jet airliner, first manufactured in 1965 and, in much modified form and under a succession of different names, still in production today as the Boeing 717. ... The BAC 1-11, or One-Eleven, was a short-range jet airliner designed by Hunting Aircraft and produced by the British Aircraft Corporation (BAC) after Hunting was merged with several other British aviation firms in 1960. ...

Related lists

• List of airliners

  This list of aircraft is sorted alphabetically, beginning with the name of the manufacturer (or, in certain cases, designer). ...