Sulaymaniyah (BGN: As Sulaymānīyah; Arabic: السليمانية; Kurdish: سلێمانی, Slêmanî) is a city in the east of Iraqi Kurdistan. It is situated in the northeast of Iraq, and is the capital of Sulaymaniyah Governorate. It served as the historic capital of the Kurdish principality of Baban from 1784 to 1850. The United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN) is an American federal body whose purpose is to establish and maintain uniform usage of geographic names throughout the U.S. government. ... The Arabic alphabet is the script used for writing languages such as Arabic, Persian, Urdu, and others. ... The Kurdish language is the language spoken by Kurds. ... Anthem Ey Reqîb (English: Hey Guardian) Location of Iraqi Kurdistan (dark green) with respect to Iraq (light green) on a map of the Middle East. ... As SulaymānÄ«yah province (Arabic: محافظة السليمانية , Kurdish: Parêzgay Silêmanî) is a province of Iraq, within the Kurdistan Region. ... A principality is a monarchical feudatory or sovereign state, ruled or reigned over by a Monarch with the title of prince or princess (a synonym is princedom) or (in the widest sense) a Monarch with another title within the generic use of the term prince. ... Baban, (1649-1850), was a Kurdish principality and ruling family originated in the region of Pijder. ... 1784 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... For the game, see: 1850 (board game) 1850 (MDCCCL) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday [1] of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

History

The modern city of Suleimania was founded in 1784 by a Kurdish prince known as Ibrahim Pasha Baban who named it for his father Sulaiman Pasha. Since being founded as the capital of a powerful Kurdish principality it has grown to about 800,000 people. It is the cultural centre of the Sorani-speaking Kurds and an important economic centre for Kurdistan. 1784 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Kurds are one of the Iranian peoples and speak Kurdish, a north-Western Iranian language related to Persian. ... Currently (as at 2005), the Musgrave Park Cultural Centre is under consturction, in collaboration with the local Indigenous community and the Musgrave Park Cultural Centre Inc. ... Sorani is a group of Central Kurdish dialects and as such is part of the Iranian languages. ... Kurds are one of the Iranian peoples and speak Kurdish, a north-Western Iranian language related to Persian. ... For other uses, see Kurdistan (disambiguation). ...

During the post-World War I-British occupation of the newly created state of Iraq, Sulaymaniyah was the center of nascent Kurdish nationalism, and it was from here that Shaykh Mahmud Barzanji raised the first rebellion against British occupation in 1919. After his defeat at Bazyan Pass that year, he was exiled for several years, only to return and raise another unsuccessful rebellion centered in Sulaymaniyah in 1923. With Kurdistan's subsequent inclusion in Arab Iraq, Sulaymaniyah enjoyed a few further years of greater autonomy than western Kurdish cities like Irbil and Mosul. Sheikh Mahmmud Barzanji (Kurdish: Şêx Mehmûd Berzincî, Arabic:شیخ محمود برزنجي) was the leader of several Kurdish uprisings against the British Mandate of Iraq. ...

In 1925 a mass revolts broke out against British occupation. Winston Churchill argued ‘in favour of using poisoned gas against uncivilised tribes’ after which British planes dropped poison gas on Sulaimaniya. [1]

Since liberation in 1991, it has been administered by Kurdistan authorities and serves as one of the metropolis of Iraqi Kurdistan (KRG). The city is quickly becoming a tourist attraction for Iraqis and other Middle Easterners due to its relative prosperity, security and natural beauty. It is also known for its strong economic ties with Iran. Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ... Anthem Ey Reqîb (English: Hey Guardian) Location of Iraqi Kurdistan (dark green) with respect to Iraq (light green) on a map of the Middle East. ...

Universities

The University of Sulaymaniyyah opened in 1968 with instruction in Kurdish, Arabic, and English. It has faculties in engineering, agriculture, the arts, science, and medicine. The University was moved during the 1980’s to Arbil, and is now known as the University of Salahadin. Arbil (also written Erbil or Irbil; BGN: ArbÄ«l; Arabic: , ArbÄ«l; Kurdish: , Hewlêr; Syriac: ܐܪܒܝܠ, Arbela, Turkish: Erbil) is believed by many to be one of the oldest continuously-inhabited cities in the world and is one of the larger cities in Iraq [1] [2] [3]. The city lies...

A new university was established in Suleimania in 1991, teaching in Kurdish, Arab and English.

In 2007 the American University of Iraq, teaching in English only, was inaugurated in Suleimaniyah

Kurdish culture in Sulaimaniya

Sulaimaniya is considered as the center of the Sorani Kurdish culture in Kurdistan. Development of Sorani as a modern literary language started in this city around early 19th century. Sorani is a group of Central Kurdish dialects and as such is part of the Iranian languages. ... For other uses, see Kurdistan (disambiguation). ... A literary language is a register of a language that is used in writing, and which often differs in lexicon and syntax from the language used in speech. ...

Kurdish writers of 19th century

1. Nali, (1798-1855)
2. Mahwi, (1830-1906)
3. Salim

Nali or Nalî(1798-1855), was a Kurdish poet. ... Year 1798 (MDCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1855 (MDCCCLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Mahwi or Mehwî (Mala Muhammad Mela Osman Ballkhi), (1830-1906), was a Kurdish poet and sufi. ... Liberty Leading the People by Eugène Delacroix commemorates the July Revolution 1830 (MDCCCXXX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

Kurdish writers of 20th century

1. Piramerd, 1867-1950
2. Goran, 1904-1962
3. Ahmad Hardi, 1922-2006
4. Jamal Nebez, 1933-
5. Sherko Bekas, 1940-
6. Choman Hardi, 1974-
7. Kackey Falah
8. Najmadin Mala
9. Hasib Qaradaghi

Tawfeq Mahmoud Hamza or Piramerd, (Pîremêrd in Kurdish), (1867-1950), was a Kurdish poet , writer, novelist and journalist. ... Abdulla Goran, (1904-1962) was a Kurdish poet. ... Ahmad Hardi (1922-2006) was a prominent Kurdish poet. ... Jamal Nebez,(or Cemal Nebez in Kurdish)(1933- ) is a renowned Kurdish linguist. ... Sherko Bekas (Şêrko Bêkes) is a prominent contemporary Kurdish poet. ... Choman Hardi (1974- ), is a contemporary Kurdish poet, translator and painter. ...

Sulaimaniya Airport

The airport is situated at the western part of the city. The international Airport was opened on July 21, 2006. The most flights are operated by Kurdish Airlines; Fly Air connects Sulaimaniya with Turkey, Hamburg International with Munich and Frankfurt, several other airlines also with Stockholm and Kopenhagen. aircraft with nazar at Sabiha Gokcen International Airport Fly Air (Turkish: ) is an airline based in Istanbul, Turkey. ... Hamburg International (Luftverkehirsgesellschaft mbH) is an independent charter airline based in Germany. ... For other uses, see Munich (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Frankfurt (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Stockholm (disambiguation). ... This article needs cleanup. ...

Sister Cities

Sulaymaniya was twinned with Tucson, Arizona until December 2006. Nickname: Location in Pima County and the state of Arizona Coordinates: , Country State County Pima Government  - Mayor Bob Walkup (R) Area  - City  195. ...

Statistics

• 35°33′N 45°26′E / 35.55, 45.433
• Location above sea level: 2895 feet (Britannica 1911).
• Current population: estimated at over 500,000.
• Historical population: about 12,000 (1906 estimate, Britannica 1911)

See also

• Baban
• Iraqi Kurdistan
• List of places in Iraq

Baban, (1649-1850), was a Kurdish principality and ruling family originated in the region of Pijder. ... Anthem Ey Reqîb (English: Hey Guardian) Location of Iraqi Kurdistan (dark green) with respect to Iraq (light green) on a map of the Middle East. ... This is a list of places in Iraq. ...

External links

Visitor's impression of Sulaymaniyah