The Sulba Sutras or Sulva Sutras are a text of Vedic mathematics. The Sulba Sutras have been dated from around 800-500 BC and include first 'use' of irrational numbers, quadratic equations of the form ax² = c and ax² + bx = c, unarguable evidence of the use of the Pythagorean theorem and Pythagorean triples, predating Pythagoras (c 572 - 497 BC), and evidence of a number of geometrical proofs. Sutra (सूत्र) in Sanskrit is derived from the verb √siv, meaning to sew. ... Vedic mathematics is a system of mental calculation developed by Shri Bharati Krishna Tirthaji which he claimed he had based on a lost appendix of Atharvaveda, an ancient text of the Indian teachings called Veda. ... The Pythagorean theorem: The sum of the areas of the two squares on the legs equals the area of the square on the hypotenuse. ... Jump to: navigation, search The Pythagorean theorem: a2 + b2 = c2 A Pythagorean triple consists of three positive integers a, b, and c, such that a2 + b2 = c2. ... Jump to: navigation, search This topic is considered a necessary subject on Wikipedia, and there is a high-priority on its being cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

Of the Sulvas so far 'uncovered', the four major and most mathematically significant are those composed by Baudhayana, Manava, Apastamba and Katyayana . The name "Sulba Sutra" means rule of chords, which is another name for geometry. Baudhayana, (circa 800 BC), was a Vedic Indian mathematician/scribe. ... Manava (c. ... Apastamba (c. ... Katyayana was probably a priest who lived in India around 200 BC. Like Baudhayana, he composed Shulba Sutra, or sacred mathematical texts. ... Jump to: navigation, search Geometry (Greek γεωμετρία; geo = earth, metria = measure) arose as the field of knowledge dealing with spatial relationships. ...

Pythagoras's theorem is first found in the Baudhayana sutra—so was hence known from around 800 BC. It is also implied in the later work of Apastamba, and Pythagorean triples are found in his rules for altar construction. Altar construction also led to the discovery of irrational numbers—a remarkable estimation of the square root of 2 is found in three of the sutras. The method for approximating the value of this number gives the following result: Baudhayana, (circa 800 BC), was a Vedic Indian mathematician/scribe. ... Apastamba (c. ... Jump to: navigation, search The Pythagorean theorem: a2 + b2 = c2 A Pythagorean triple consists of three positive integers a, b, and c, such that a2 + b2 = c2. ... Jump to: navigation, search The square root of 2 is equal to the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle with legs of length 1. ...

The result is correct to 5 decimal places. Elsewhere in Indian works however it is stated that various square root values cannot be exactly determined, which strongly suggests an initial knowledge of irrationality.

Indeed an early method for calculating square roots can be found in some Sutras, the method involves repeated application of the formula: , r being small.

Before the period of the Sulbasutras was at an end, the Brahmi numerals had definitely begun to appear (c. 300BC) and the similarity with modern day numerals is clear to see. More importantly even still was the development of the concept of decimal place value. Certain rules given by the famous Indian grammarian Panini (c. 500 BC) imply the concept of the mathematical zero. The Brahmi numerals are an indigenous Indian numeral system attested from the 3rd century BCE (somewhat later in the case of most of the tens). ... Panini can refer to: Pāṇini, the 5th century BC Sanskrit grammarian Panini (sandwich), a type of Italian sandwich Panini (stickers), a brand of collectible stickers Giovanni Paolo Panini, an Italian artist This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Zero can refer to several things. ...