Chemical structure of sulfonic acid.

Sulfonic acid is hypothetical acid with formula H-S(=O)₂-OH. This compound is a tautomer of sulfurous acid HO-S(=O)-OH, but less stable, and would likely convert to that very quickly if it were formed. Although this compound is unimportant, there are many derived compounds, with formula R-S(=O)₂-OH for various R. These may then form salts or esters, called sulfonates. Image File history File links Chemical structure of Sulfonic acid selfmade by cacycle File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Chemical structure of Sulfonic acid selfmade by cacycle File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... It has been suggested that strong acid be merged into this article or section. ... Tautomers are organic compounds that are interconvertible by a chemical reaction called tautomerization. ... Sulfurous acid (or sulphurous acid in British spelling) is a name given to aqueous solutions of sulfur dioxide. ... A magnified crystal of a salt (halite/sodium chloride) In chemistry, a salt is any ionic compound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions, so that the product is neutral and without a net charge. ... General formula of an ester of a carboxylic acid. ... A sulfonate anion consists of sulfur double bonded to two oxygens and bonded to an R group and an oxygen anion. ...

Sulfonic acids

Sulfonic acids are a class of organic acids with the general formula RSO₃H, where R is usually a hydrocarbon side chain. Sulfonic acids are typically much stronger acids than their carboxylic equivalents, and have the unique tendency to bind to proteins and carbohydrates tightly; most "washable" dyes are sulfonic acids (or have the functional sulfonyl group in them) for this reason. They are also used as catalysts and intermediates for a number of different products. Sulfonic acid salts (sulfonates) are important as detergents, and the antibacterial sulfa drugs are also sulfonic acid derivatives. The simplest example is methanesulfonic acid, CH₃SO₂OH, which is a reagent regularly used in organic chemistry. P-toluenesulfonic acid is also an important reagent. An organic acid is an organic compound that is an acid. ... Hydrocarbons are refined at oil refineries and chemical plants In chemistry, a hydrocarbon is any chemical compound that consists only of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H). ... A carboxyl or carboxylic group is a functional group consisting of a carbon atom and an oxygen atom doubly bonded to each other. ... A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin, showing coloured alpha helices. ... Carbohydrates are chemical compounds that contain oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon atoms. ... Yarn drying after being dyed in the early American tradition, at Conner Prairie living history museum. ... Sulfonyl is an organic radical (or functional group) obtained from an sulfonic acid by the removal of the hydroxyl group. ... A catalyst (Greek: καταλύτης, catalytÄ“s) is a substance that accelerates the rate (speed) of a chemical reaction (see also catalysis). ... A sulfonate anion consists of sulfur double bonded to two oxygens and bonded to an R group and an oxygen anion. ... A detergent is a compound, or a mixture of compounds, intended to assist cleaning. ... Sulfonamides, also known as sulfa drugs, are synthetic antimicrobial agents derived from sulfonic acid. ... When purchasing or preparing chemicals, reagent describes chemical substances of sufficient purity for use in chemical analysis, chemical reactions or physical testing. ... Organic chemistry is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and synthesis of organic compounds that by definition contain carbon. ... Tosyl Group with a generic R Group attached (where R can be anything, typically a carbon). ...

Note that the sulfonic acids and sulfonates are analogous to carboxylic acids and carboxylates; in both cases, -C(=O)- is replaced by -S(=O)2-. Chemical properties are similar as well, although sulfonic acids are often even stronger acids than carboxylic acids, the hydrogen being easier to leave than in most compounds, and they readily form esters. Structure of a carboxylic acid Carboxylic acids are organic acids characterized by the presence of a carboxyl group, which has the formula -C(=O)-OH, usually written as COOH. In general, the salts and anions of carboxylic acids are called carboxylates. ... Structure of a carboxylic acid Carboxylic acids, also known as alkanoic acids, are organic acids characterized by the presence of a carboxyl group and have the general chemical formula R-C(=O)-OH, also written as R-COOH, where R is a hydrogen or an alkyl group. ...

The sulfonic acid and sulfonate functional groups, -SO₂OH and -SO₂O-, are found in many chemical compounds, e.g. certain detergents and dyes as well as in strongly acidic cation exchange resins. In organic chemistry functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules, that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. ... A chemical compound is a chemical substance formed from two or more elements, with a fixed ratio determining the composition. ... A detergent is a compound, or a mixture of compounds, intended to assist cleaning. ... Yarn drying after being dyed in the early American tradition, at Conner Prairie living history museum. ... Ion exchange resin beads An ion exchange resin is an insoluble matrix (or support structure) normally in the form of small (1-2mm diameter) beads, usually white or yellowish, fabricated from an organic polymer substrate on the surface of which are sites with easily trapped and released ions in a...

Sulfonic acid chlorides

Sulfonic acid chlorides are a class of organic compounds with the general formula R-SO₂-Cl. These compounds react readily with alcohols to sulfonic esters. Important acid chlorides are tosyl chloride, brosyl chloride, nosyl chloride and mesyl chloride. One synthetic procedure to sulfonic acid chlorides is the Reed reaction. An organic compound is any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon, with the exception of carbides, carbonates, carbon oxides and gases containing carbon. ... For other uses, see Alcohol (disambiguation). ... A toluenesulfonyl group (abbreviated Ts or tosyl) consists of a sulfur atom double bonded to two oxygen atoms and bonded to an R group and a toluene. ... In chemistry, mesylate is salt (or seldom an ester) of methanesulfonic acid CH3SO3H. In salts is present as CH3SO3- anion, which is also called mesylate. ... The Reed reaction is a chemical reaction that utilizes light to oxidize hydrocarbons to sulfonyl chlorides. ...

Sulfonic esters

Sulfonic esters are a class of organic compounds with the general formula R-SO₂-OR. Sulfonic esters are considered good leaving groups in nucleophilic aliphatic substitution. An organic compound is any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon, with the exception of carbides, carbonates, carbon oxides and gases containing carbon. ... A leaving group is an atom or molecule that detaches from an organic molecule, which, after detachment, is called the residual or main part. ... In chemistry, nucleophilic substitution is a class of substitution reaction in which an electron-rich nucleophile attacks a molecule and replaces a group or atom, called the leaving group. ...

See also

• Sulfuric acid H₂SO₄
• Sulfonium S⁺, S⁺R₃