The Delhi Sultanate, or Sulthanath-e-Hind/Sulthanath-e-Dilli refers to the various dynasties that ruled in India from 1210 to 1526. Several Turko-Afghan dynasties ruled from Delhi: the Slave dynasty (1206-90), the Khilji dynasty (1290-1320), the Tughlaq dynasty (1320-1413), the Sayyid dynasty (1414-51), and the Lodi (1451-1526). Events End of the reign of Emperor Tsuchimikado of Japan Emperor Juntoku ascends to the throne of Japan Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor excommunicated by Pope Innocent III for invading southern Italy in 1210 Gottfried von Strassburg writes his epic poem Tristan about 1210 Beginning of Delhi Sultanate Births May... Events January 14 - Treaty of Madrid. ... The Slave dynasty served as the first Sultans of Delhi in India from 1206 to 1290. ... The Khilji or Khalji were a dynasty of Indian rulers. ... The Tughlaq Dynasty of north India started in 1321 CE in Delhi when Ghazi Tughlaq assumed the throne under the title of Ghiyas-ud-din Tughlaq. ... rulers of Indias Delhi sultanate (c. ... The Lodi Dynasty (1451 to 1526), was the last phase of the Delhi Sultanate. ...

During the last quarter of the twelfth century, Muhammad of Ghor invaded the Indo-Gangetic plain, conquering in succession Ghazni, Multan, Sindh, Lahore, and Delhi. Qutb-ud-din Aybak, one of his generals, proclaimed himself Sultan of Delhi and established the first dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate, the Slave or Mamluk dynasty (mamluk means "slave") after Muhammad's death in 1206. The territory under control of the sultans expanded rapidly. By mid-century, northern India from the Khyber Pass to Bengal was under control of the sultanate, although the northwest was contested with the Mongols. Iltutmish (1210-35) and Balban (1266-87) were among the dynasty's most well-known rulers. Faced with revolts by conquered territories and rival families, the Malmuk dynasty came to an end in 1290. Muhammad of Ghor or Muhammad Ghori (originally named Muizz-ad-din) (1162 - 1206) was a Persian conqueror and sultan between 1171 and 1206. ... The Indo-Gangetic Plain is a rich, fertile and ancient land encompassing most of northern and eastern India and parts of Pakistan. ... This article incorporates text from the public domain 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica. ... Masoleum of Rukn-i-Alam Multan is a city in Pakistan and capital of Multan district in the Punjab Province. ... Sindh (Sind) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan. ... Lahore (لاةور) is a major city in Pakistan and is the capital of the province of Punjab. ... Delhi (दिल्ली or Dillī in Hindi and Bengali and دیلی in Urdu) is a term that refers to either the State of Delhi or the National Capital Territory (NCT) of the Republic of India. ... Qutb-ud-din Aybak was a ruler of Medieval India, the first Sultan of Delhi and founder of the Slave dynasty (also known as the Mamluk dynasty). ... Events Temujin is proclaimed Genghis Khan of the Mongol people, founding the Mongol Empire Qutb ud-Din proclaims the Mameluk dynasty in India, the first dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate. ... The Khyber Pass (also called the Khaiber Pass in old documents) is the most important pass connecting Pakistan with Afghanistan. ... A database query syntax error has occurred. ... Honorary guard of Mongolia. ... Shams ud din Iltutmish, or Altamash, was the third Sultan of Delhi, and the only other significant ruler, besides the founder Qutb ud din Aibak, of the Slave Dynasty. ...

The Khilji or Khalji dynasty, who had established themselves as rulers of Bengal in the time of Muhammad Ghori, took control of the empire in a coup which eliminated the last of the Mamluks. The Khiljis conquered Gujarat and Malwa, and sent the first expeditions south of the Narmada River, collecting tribute and sacking temples as far south as Tamil Nadu. Muslim rule continued to extend into southern India, first by the Delhi sultans, then by the breakaway Bahmani Sultanate of Gulbarga, and, after the breakup of the Bahmani state in 1518, by the five independent Deccan sultanates. The Hindu kingdom of Vijayanagar united southern India and arrested Muslim expansion for a time, but it fell to the Deccan sultanates in 1565. A database query syntax error has occurred. ... Gujarat (ગુજરાત in Gujarati) is the most industrialized state in India after Maharashtra and is located in western India, bordered by Pakistan to the northwest and Rajasthan to the north. ... Malwa (माळवा in Malvi ) is a region of western India, lying in the western part of Madhya Pradesh state. ... The Narmada or Nerbudda is a river in central India. ... Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடு, Land of the Tamils) is a state at the southern tip of India. ... The Bahmani Sultanate was a Muslim state of the Deccan in southern India. ... Gulbarga is a town in the Indian state of Karnataka. ... Events A plague of tropical fire ants devastates crops on Hispaniola. ... The Deccan sultanates were five Muslim-ruled kingdoms–-Bijapur, Golconda, Ahmednagar, Bidar, and Berar of south-central India. ... The Vijayanagara empire was based in the Deccan, in peninsular and southern India, from 1336 onwards. ... Events March 1 - the city of Rio de Janeiro is founded April 27 - Cebu City is established becoming the first Spanish settlement in the Philippines. ...

In the first half of the 14th century the Sultanate introduced a monetary economy in the provinces (sarkars) and districts (parganas) that had been established and founded a network of market centers through which the traditional village economies were both exploited and stimulated and drawn into the wider culture. State revenues remained based on successful agriculture, which induced sultan Muhammad bin Tughluq (1325-51) to have village wells dug, offer seed to the peasants and to encourage cash crops like sugar cane (Braudel 1984, pp 96f, 512ff). The word economy can refer to any of several things: The economy of the world — see world economy The economy of a country — see economics and economic system Economy is financial soundness or affordability. ... Muhammad bin Tughluq was the Sultan of Delhi from 1325 to 1351. ... Species Ref: ITIS 42058 as of 2004-05-05 Sugarcane is one of six species of a tall tropical southeast Asian grass (Family Poaceae) having stout fibrous jointed stalks whose sap at one time was the primary source of sugar. ...

The sultans of Delhi enjoyed cordial, if superficial, relations with Muslim rulers in the Near East but owed them no allegiance. The sultans based their laws on the Qur'an and the sharia and permitted non-Muslim subjects to practice their religion only if they paid jizya or head tax. The sultans ruled from urban centers--while military camps and trading posts provided the nuclei for towns that sprang up in the countryside. Perhaps the greatest contribution of the sultanate was its temporary success in insulating the subcontinent from the potential devastation of the Mongol invasion from Central Asia in the thirteenth century. The sultanate ushered in a period of Indian cultural renaissance resulting from the stimulation of Islam by Hinduism. The resulting "Indo-Muslim" fusion left lasting monuments in architecture, music, literature, and religion. The sultanate suffered from the sacking of Delhi in 1398 by Timur (Tamerlane), and independent Muslim sultantates were established in Awadh, Bengal, Gujarat and Malwa. The Delhi Sultanate revived briefly under the Lodhis before it was conquered by the Mughal emperor Babur in 1526. The Quran (Arabic al-qurʾān أَلْقُرآن; its literal meaning is the recitation and is often called Al Quran Al Karim: The Noble Quran, also transliterated as Quran, Koran, and less commonly Alcoran) is the holy book of Islam. ... Sharia (Arabic: also Sharīah, Sharia, Shariah or Syariah) is traditional Islamic law also known as Allahs Law. ... In Islamic law, jizya or jizyah (Arabic: جزْية) is a per capita tax is required of adult males of other faiths under Muslim rule in exchange for the right to live among and enjoy the military protection of the Muslim community. ... Map of Central Asia outlined in orange showing one set of possible borders Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. ... For the chess engine Tamerlane, see Tamerlane. ... Awadh (also known to the British as Oudh) is a region in the center of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... A database query syntax error has occurred. ... Gujarat (ગુજરાત in Gujarati) is the most industrialized state in India after Maharashtra and is located in western India, bordered by Pakistan to the northwest and Rajasthan to the north. ... Malwa (माळवा in Malvi ) is a region of western India, lying in the western part of Madhya Pradesh state. ... The Mughal Empire (alternative spelling Mogul, which is the origin of the word Mogul) of India was founded by Babur in 1526, when he defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the last of the Delhi Sultans at the First Battle of Panipat. ... Zahir-ud-din Mohammad Babur, (alternative spellings Zaheeruddin and Babar or Baber (February 14, 1483 - December 26, 1530) was a famous Turco-Persian conqueror of North India. ... Events January 14 - Treaty of Madrid. ...

Note: Islamic Empires in India (part of the History of South Asia series) has more information at Islamic_Empires_in_India#Delhi_Sultanate During the middle ages, several Islamic regimes established empires in India. ... This article is about the History of South Asia. ... During the middle ages, several Islamic regimes established empires in India. ...

Sultans of Delhi

Slave Dynasty (1206 - 1290)

• Qutb-ud-din Aybak (1206 - 1210)
• Aram Shah (1210 - 1211)
• Shams ud din Iltutmish (1211 - 1236)
• Rukn ud din Firuz (1236)
• Raziyyat ud din Sultana (1236 - 1240)
• Muiz ud din Bahram (1240 - 1242)
• Ala ud din Masud (1242 - 1246)
• Nasir ud din Mahmud (1246 - 1266)
• Ghiyas ud din Balban (1266 - 1286)
• Muiz ud din Qaiqabad (1286 - 1290)

The Slave dynasty served as the first Sultans of Delhi in India from 1206 to 1290. ... Qutb-ud-din Aybak was a ruler of Medieval India, the first Sultan of Delhi and founder of the Slave dynasty (also known as the Mamluk dynasty). ... Shams ud din Iltutmish, or Altamash, was the third Sultan of Delhi, and the only other significant ruler, besides the founder Qutb ud din Aibak, of the Slave Dynasty. ... Given name Razia al-Din. ...

Khilji (Khalji) Dynasty (1290 - 1321)

• Jalal ud din Firuz Khilji (1290 - 1294)
• Ala ud din Khilji (1294 - 1316)
• Qutb ud din Mubarak Shah (1316 - 1321)

The Khilji or Khalji were a dynasty of Indian rulers. ... The Khilji or Khalji were a dynasty of Indian rulers. ...

Tughlaq Dynasty (1321 - 1398)

• Ghiyas ud din Tughluq Shah I (1321 - 1325)
• Muhammad Shah II (1325 - 1351)
• [Mahmud Ibn Muhammad] ( March 1351)
• Firuz Shah Tughluq (1351 - 1388)
• Ghiyas ud din Tughluq II (1388 - 1389)
• Abu Baker (1389 - 1390)
• Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III (1390 - 1393)
• Sikander Shah I ( March - April 1393)
• Mahmud Nasir ud din (Sultan Mahmud II) at Delhi (1393 - 1394)
• Nusrat Shah at Firuzabad (1394 - 1398)

The Tughlaq Dynasty of north India started in 1321 CE in Delhi when Ghazi Tughlaq assumed the throne under the title of Ghiyas-ud-din Tughlaq. ... Muhammad bin Tughluq was the Sultan of Delhi from 1325 to 1351. ... Firuz Shah was a Muslim ruler of the Tughlaq Dynasty (1351 - 1388). ...

Lodi Dynasty

• Daulat Khan (1413 - 1414)

Sayyid (Syed) Dynasty (1414 - 1451)

• Khidr Khan (1414 - 1421)
• Mubarrak Shah II (1421 - 1435)
• Muhammad Shah IV (1435 - 1445)
• Aladdin Alam Shah (1445 - 1451)

Lodhi (Lodi) Dynasty (1451 - 1526)

• Bahlul Khan Lodi (1451-1489)
• Sikandar Lodi (1489-1517)
• Ibrahim II (1517-1526)

1526-1540: Mughal rule The Lodi Dynasty (1451 to 1526), was the last phase of the Delhi Sultanate. ... Bahlul Khan Lodi (died 1489) became the first Sultan of the Lodi Dynasty in India upon the abdication of the last claimant from the previous Sayyid rule. ... Sikandar Lodi (born Nizam Khan, died November 21, 1517) was the second ruler of the Lodi Dynasty. ... Ibrahim Lodi (died April 21, 1526) was the last ruler of the Delhi Sultanate. ... The Mughal Empire (alternative spelling Mogul, which is the origin of the word Mogul) of India was founded by Babur in 1526, when he defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the last of the Delhi Sultans at the First Battle of Panipat. ...

Suri Dynasty (1540 - 1555)

• Sher Shah (1540 - 1545)
• Islam Shah (1545 - 1553)
• Muhammad V (1553 - 1554)
• Firuz ( 29 April - 2 May 1554)
• Ibrahim III (1554 - 1554/5)
• Sikander Shah (1554/5 - 1555)

For the recipient of the Victoria Cross see Sher Shah (VC) Sher Shah Suri (born Fahrid Khan; later renamed Sher Khan after killing a tiger; 1486 - 1545) was the Afghani son of Hasan Khan. ...

Related articles

• Islamic Empires in India (part of the History of South Asia series) has more information at Islamic Empires in India#Delhi Sultanate
• List of Indian monarchs

During the middle ages, several Islamic regimes established empires in India. ... This article is about the History of South Asia. ... During the middle ages, several Islamic regimes established empires in India. ... Rulers in India uptil the current age. ...

Reference

• This article incorporates public domain text from the Library of Congress Country Studies. - Pakistan (http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/pktoc.html)
• Braudel, Fernand, The perspective of the World, vol III of Civilization and Capitalism 1984 (original French ed. 1979)

The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... The Country Studies are works published by the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress ( USA), freely available for use by researchers. ... Fernand Braudel (August 24, 1902 - November 27, 1985) was a historian who revolutionized the 20th century study of the discipline by considering the effects of economics and geography on global history, a prominent member of the Annales School of historiography, who concentrated on meticulous historical analysis in the social sciences. ...

External links

• Delhi Sultanate Dynasty (http://www.islamicarchitecture.org/dynasties/delhisultanate.html)
• List of rulers of Delhi (http://www.hostkingdom.net/india.html#Delhi)