The Sultanate of Johor was founded by Malaccan Sultan Mahmud Shah's son, Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah in 1528. Johor was part of the Malaccan Sultanate before the the Portuguese conquered Malacca's capital in 1511. In 1946, it became part of the Malayan Union. Two years later, it became part of the Federation of Malaya and subsequently, the Federation of Malaysia in 1963. The Sultanate of Malacca was a Malay sultanate founded by Parameswara, a Srivijayan prince who escaped the Majapahit capture of Palembang. ... Events June 19 - Battle of Landriano - A French army in Italy under Marshal St. ... Events Diego Velázquez and Hernán Cortés conquer Cuba; Velázquez appointed Governor. ... 1946 was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... The Malayan Union was formed in 1946 by the British. ... The Federation of Malaya, or in Malay Persekutuan Tanah Melayu, was formed in 1948 from the British settlements of Penang and Malacca and the nine Malay states and replaced the Malayan Union. ... The Federation of Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. ... 1963 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Fall of Malacca and Sultan Mahmud Shah

In 1511, the Malacca fell to the Portuguese and Sultan Mahmud Shah was forced to flee Malacca. The Sultan made several counterattacks to retake the capital but the Portuguese managed to defend themselves. Portuguese then retaliated and hence forcing the sultan to flee to Pahang. From Pahang, the sultan sailed to Bintan and established a new capital there. In Bintan, he managed to unite the disarrayed Malay forces and launched a considerable number of attacks and blockade against the Portuguese position. Events Diego Velázquez and Hernán Cortés conquer Cuba; Velázquez appointed Governor. ... The Malacca Town is also the Capital of the state of Malacca in Malaysia. ... State motto: no State motto Capital Kuantan Royal Capital Pekan Sultan Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Chief Minister Dato Seri Adnan Yaakob Area 35,964 km2 Population  - Est year 2000 1,288,376 State anthem Pahang State Anthem Pahang (Jawi: Ú¨Ù‡Ú ) is the largest state in Peninsular Malaysia, occupying the huge Sungai... Bintan Island or Negeri Segantang Lada is an island of 1,866 square kilometer making part of the Riau Islands province of Indonesia. ... Three-quarter scale bronze sculptures 19th C. Malay people, Indonesia, Borneo. ...

Frequent raids on Malacca helped convinced the Portuguese to raze Bintan and suppress all pockets of resistance. Several attempts were made to demolish Bintan but it was until 1526 that the Portuguese finally successful razed Bintan to the ground. The sultan retreated to Kampar in Sumatra and died two years later. He left behind two sons named Muzaffar Shah and Alauddin Riayat Shah. Events January 14 - Treaty of Madrid. ... Sumatra (also spelled Sumatara and Sumatera) is the sixth largest island of the world (approximately 470,000 km²) and is the largest part of Indonesia. ...

Muzaffar Shah continued on to establish Perak while Alauddin Riayat Shah became the first sultan of Johor. State motto: no State motto Capital Ipoh Royal Capital Kuala Kangsar Sultan Sultan Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah Chief Minister Dato Seri Diraja Tajol Rosli bin Mohd Ghazali Area 21,006 km2 Population  - Est. ...

Triangle war

The new sultan established a new capital by the Johor River and from there, continued to harrass the Portuguese in the north. He consistently worked together with his brother in Perak and the sultan of Pahang to retake Malacca, which by this time was protected by Fort A Famosa.

On the northern part of Sumatra at about the same period, Aceh was beginning to gain substantial influence over the Straits of Malacca. With the fall of Malacca to Christian's hands, Muslim traders often skipped Malacca in favor of Aceh. Due to this, Malacca and Aceh became direct competitors. Aceh (pronounced Ah-chay) is a special territory (daerah istimewa, or special area) of Indonesia, located on the northern tip of the island of Sumatra. ... The Straits of Malacca is a narrow stretch of water between Peninsular Malaysia (West Malaysia) and the Indonesian island of Sumatra. ... In its simplist form, a Christian is a follower of and a believer in Jesus of Nazareth. ... A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم) is a believer in or follower of Islam. ...

With the Portuguese and Johor frequently locking horns, Aceh launched multiple raids against both sides in hope to further tighten its grip on the straits. The rise of Aceh later encouraged the Portuguese and Johor to sign truce and divert their attention to Aceh. The truce however was short lived and with Aceh severely weakened, Johor and the Portuguese had each other in sight again.

Dutch Malacca

In the 17th century, the Dutch reached Southeast Asia. The Dutch was no friend of the Portuguese and they started to ally themselves with Johor. Finally in 1641, the Dutch defeated with the Portuguese with the help of Johor. Malacca hence became a Dutch territory and remained so until the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 was signed. (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... Events The Long Parliament passes a series of legislation designed to contain Charles Is absolutist tendencies. ... The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, also known as the Treaty of London (one of several), was a treaty signed between the United Kingdom and the United Kingdom of the Netherlands in London on March 17, 1824. ...

Johor-Jambi war

All the while when Aceh, Portuguese and Johor was fighting each other, within the Johor empire, Jambi emerged as a regional economic and political power in the Straits of Malacca. Soon in 1666, it tried to break free from Johor. Between 1666 and 1673, Johor came into a civil war with the Sumatran state of Jambi. The war was disasterous for Johor as Johor's capital, Batu Sawar was sacked by Jambi. With the sack, Johor capital was frequently moved to avoid threat from Jambi. Events September 2 - Great Fire of London: A large fire breaks out in London in the house of Charles IIs baker on Pudding Lane near London Bridge. ... Events The English Test Act was passed. ... Map showing Jambi province in Indonesia Map of Jambi Jambi is a province of Indonesia located on the east coast of central Sumatra, which contains a city also named Jambi, located at 1°35′ S 103°37′ E. The population of the province is 2,400,940 (2000 census). ...

Throughout the decade, Jambi continued to exert extraordinary influence on Johor. In 1679 however, Laksamana Tun Abdul Jalil paid Bugis mercenaries to fight along side Johor against Jambi. Soon afterward, Jambi was brought to its knees. Events January 24 - King Charles II of England disbands Parliament August 7 - The brigantine Le Griffon, which was commissioned by René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, is towed to the southern end of the Niagara River, to become the first ship to sail the upper Great Lakes. ... The Bugis are a people from the island of Sulawesi or Celebes in Indonesia. ...

Bugis inflitration

In 1699, Sultan Mahmud II of Johor died without an heir. The power vacum was quickly vanquished by the then leading advisor Bendahara Abdul Jalil. The advisor declared himself as the new sultan and fashioned himself as Sultan Abdul Jalil Riayat Shah III. Many felt such declaration was uncalled for. Events January 26 - Treaty of Karlowitz signed March 30 - the tenth Sikh Master, Guru Gobind Singh created the Khalsa. ...

The Bugis, which played an important role in defeating Jambi two decades, had a huge influence in Johor. Apart from the Malay, another influential fraction in Johor at that time was the Minangkabau. Both the Bugis and the Minangkabau realized how the death of Sultan Mahmud II could provide them the chance to sieze power in Johor. The Minangkabau hence brought forth a Minangkabau prince, Raja Kecil from Siak and claimed the prince was the son of the late sultan. The prince came into contact with the Bugis and promised the Bugis wealth and political power if the Bugis helped the prince in seizing the throne. However, Raja Kecil broke his promise and went to installed himself as the new sultan of Johor. Pagaruyung Palace The Minangkabau tribe is indigenous to the highlands of West Sumatra, in Indonesia. ...

Disastified with Raja Kecil's ascession, the former advisor Bendahara Abdul Jalil later asked Daeng Parani of the Bugis to aid him in his quest to reclaim the throne. In 1722 Raja Kecil was dethroned with the help from the Bugis. A member of the advisor house was elected as the new ruler and was style as Sultan Sulaiman. However, Sultan Sulaiman was merely a puppet since by this moment, it was the Bugis - led by Daeng Parani's brother, Daeng Merewah as a Yam Tuan Muda - that controlled Johor. Events Abraham De Moivre states De Moivres theorem connecting trigonometric functions and complex numbers Publication of the first book of Bachs Well-Tempered Clavier Fall of Persias Safavid dynasty during a bloody revolt of the Afghani people. ...

Singapore and the British

To be completed

Modernization

To be completed

Malaysia

To be completed

See also

• Johor