Sun Ce
Warlord
Born	175
Died	200
Predecessor	Sun Jian
Successor	Sun Quan
Names
Simplified Chinese	孙策
Traditional Chinese	孫策
Pinyin	Sūn Cè
Wade-Giles	Sun Tse
Courtesy name	Bofu (伯符)
Posthumous name	Prince Huan of Changsha (長沙桓王)
Other names	Little Conqueror (小霸王)

Sun Ce (175 – 200) was a military general and warlord during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era in ancient China. He was the eldest of five sons and one daughter of Sun Jian, who was killed in battle when Sun Ce was only sixteen. Sun Ce then broke away from his father's former overlord Yuan Shu and headed into Southeastern China to establish his own power base there. With the help of several capable men, including Zhang Zhao and Zhou Yu, Sun Ce managed to lay down the foundation of the later Eastern Wu, of which his younger brother Sun Quan eventually became the first emperor. After Sun Quan declared himself emperor, he posthumously honored Sun Ce with the title Prince Huan of Changsha (長沙桓王, literally "the diligent prince"). ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (481x767, 231 KB) Portrait of Sun Ce from a Qing Dynasty edition of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... A warlord is a person with power who has de facto military control of a subnational area due to armed forces loyal to the warlord and not to a central authority. ... Events Pope Eleuterus succeeds Pope Soter (approximate date) Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius defeats the Marcomanni. ... For other uses, see number 200. ... SÅ«n Jiān (155 – 191) was a military general and minor warlord during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era in ancient China. ... Sun Quan (孫權 pinyin: SÅ«n Quán) (182 - 252), son of Sun Jian, was the third ruler of the State of Wu and the founder of Kingdom of Wu, during the Three Kingdoms period, in China. ... Personal names in Chinese culture follow a number of conventions different from those of personal names in Western cultures. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Traditional Chinese (Traditional Chinese: 正體字/繁體字, Simplified Chinese: 正体字/繁体字) refers to one of two standard sets of printed Chinese characters. ... Pinyin, more formally called Hanyu Pinyin (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the most common variant of Standard Mandarin romanization system in use. ... Wade-Giles, sometimes abbreviated Wade, is a Romanization (phonetic notation and transliteration) system for the Chinese language based on Mandarin. ... A Chinese style name, sometimes also known as a courtesy name, is an extra name that could be used in place of the given name. ... Japanese name Kanji: Hiragana: Korean name Hangul: Hanja: Vietnamese name Quốc ngữ: Hán tá»±: A posthumous name (諡號) is an honorary name given to royalty, nobles, and sometimes others, in some cultures after the persons death. ... Events Pope Eleuterus succeeds Pope Soter (approximate date) Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius defeats the Marcomanni. ... For other uses, see number 200. ... A warlord is a person with power who has de facto military control of a subnational area due to armed forces loyal to the warlord and not to a central authority. ... The Han Dynasty (Traditional Chinese characters: 漢朝, Simplified Chinese characters: 汉朝, pinyin Hàncháo 202 BC - AD 220) followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. ... The Three Kingdoms period (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is a period in the history of China, part of an era of disunity called the Six Dynasties. ... SÅ«n Jiān (155 – 191) was a military general and minor warlord during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era in ancient China. ... Yuan Shu (袁术; style name Gonglu 公路) (?? - 199) was a major warlord of the Later Han Dynasty who rose to prominence following the collapse of the Han court in 189. ... Zhang Zhao (張昭) (156 - 236) was a brilliantly minded civil officer who served under the Sun family at the time of the Three Kingdoms in China. ... Zhou Yu (175 - 210) was a famous militarist and strategist of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. ... The territories of Eastern Wu (in green), AD 262 Capital Jianye Language(s) Chinese Government Monarchy Emperor  - 222 - 252 Sun Quan  - 252 - 258 Sun Liang  - 258 - 264 Sun Xiu  - 264 - 280 Sun Hao Historical era Three Kingdoms  - Establishment 222  - Sun Quan declares himself emperor 229  - Conquest of Wu by Jin... Sun Quan (孫權 pinyin: SÅ«n Quán) (182 - 252), son of Sun Jian, was the third ruler of the State of Wu and the founder of Kingdom of Wu, during the Three Kingdoms period, in China. ... For the volcano in Indonesia, see Emperor of China (volcano). ...

In 200, when the rising warlord Cao Cao was away battling Yuan Shao in the decisive Battle of Guandu, Sun Ce was rumored to be plotting an attack against Cao Cao's capital of Xuchang. However, he was assassinated before he could carry out the plan. Cáo Cāo (155 – March 15, 220, pronounced Tsau Tsau) was a regional warlord and the second last Chancellor of the Eastern Han Dynasty who rose to great power during its final years in ancient China. ... Yuan Shao (? – 202) was a major warlord occupying the north of ancient China during the massive civil war towards the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the beginning of the Three Kingdoms era. ... The Battle of Guandu (官渡之戰) was a battle in Chinese history. ... Xuchang (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is a prefecture-level city in central Henan province, Peoples Republic of China. ...

The Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms describes Sun Ce as handsome and full of laughter. He was also a generous and receptive man who could employ people according to their abilities. Thus his subjects were willing to risk their lives for him. One detractor named Xu Gong, in a letter to Emperor Xian, likened Sun Ce to Xiang Yu, the renowned Qin Dynasty general. As Xiang Yu was often referred to as the Conqueror of Chu, Sun Ce henceforth became known as the Little Conqueror in popular culture. The Sānguó Zhì (Chinese 三国志, or 三國誌), variously translated as Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms, Records of the Three States and Records of the Three Kingdoms, was the official and authoritative historical text on the Three Kingdoms Period compiled by Chen Shou during the Jin Dynasty (265-420). ... Xu Gong (許貢) (fl. ... Format of naming convention in English is under discussion at Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (Chinese). ... Xiang Yu (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Hsiang Yü; 232 BC - 202 BC) was a prominent general during the fall of the Qin Dynasty. ... Qin Dynasty in 210 BC Capital Xianyang Language(s) Chinese Government Monarchy History  - Unification of China 221 BC  - Death of Qin Shi Huangdi 210 BC  - Surrender to Liu Bang 206 BC The Qin Dynasty (Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chin Chao) (221 BC - 206 BC) was preceded by the...

Life

Early life and career

Born in 175, Sun Ce was the eldest among five sons and one daughter of Sun Jian, a military general loyal to the emperor of the Han Dynasty. In 190, a year after Emperor Ling died, the warlord Dong Zhuo usurped power, placing in the throne the puppet Emperor Xian. Regional warlords in eastern China then formed a coalition against Dong Zhuo. Sun Jian rendered his service to Yuan Shu, one of the leaders of the coalition. The attempt to oust Dong Zhuo soon failed and China slid into a series of massive civil wars. In the next year, Sun Jian was sent by Yuan Shu to attack Liu Biao, governor of Jingzhou (荆州, present day Hubei and Hunan), but he was killed in an ambush. SÅ«n Jiān (155 – 191) was a military general and minor warlord during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era in ancient China. ... For the volcano in Indonesia, see Emperor of China (volcano). ... Han Dynasty in 87 BC Capital Changan (202 BC–9 AD) Luoyang (25 AD–190 AD) Language(s) Chinese Religion Taoism, Confucianism Government Monarchy History  - Establishment 206 BC  - Battle of Gaixia; Han rule of China begins 202 BC  - Interruption of Han rule 9 - 24  - Abdication to Cao Wei 220... Format of naming convention in English is under discussion at Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (Chinese). ... A warlord is a person with power who has de facto military control of a subnational area due to armed forces loyal to the warlord and not to a central authority. ... Dong Zhuo (董卓; Pinyin: DÇ’ng Zhuō) (139 – 192) was a warlord during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms Period in ancient China. ... Format of naming convention in English is under discussion at Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (Chinese). ... Combatants Guandong Coalition Dong Zhuo Commanders Yuan Shao Dong Zhuo The Campaign against Dong Zhuo (董卓討伐戰) in 190 was initiated by a coalition of regional officials hoping to end Chancellor Dong Zhuos influence in the ailing Han court in China. ... Yuan Shu (袁术; style name Gonglu 公路) (?? - 199) was a major warlord of the Later Han Dynasty who rose to prominence following the collapse of the Han court in 189. ... Liú BiÇŽo (劉表 142 – 208) was the governor of the Jing province in China towards the end of the Han Dynasty. ... Jingzhou (Simplified Chinese: 荆州; Traditional Chinese: 荊州; pinyin: ) is a city in the Hubei province of the Peoples Republic of China, on the banks of the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang). ... Hubei (Chinese: 湖北; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Hu-pei; Postal System Pinyin: Hupeh) is a central province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Not to be confused with the unrelated provinces of Hainan, Henan, and Yunnan. ...

Sun Ce brought his father's body to Qu'e (曲阿, present day Situ Town, Jiangsu) for burial and settled his mother down before heading for Danyang (丹楊, present day Xuancheng, Anhui), where his uncle Wu Jing was the governor. There he raised a small militia a few hundred in strength. This small force was far from sufficient for him to establish his own power so in 194 Sun Ce went to Yuan Shu. Yuan Shu was very impressed with Sun Ce and often lamented that he had no son like him. He also returned Sun Jian's former division of troops to Sun Ce.   (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chiang-su; Postal map spelling: Kiangsu) is a province of the Peoples Republic of China, located along the east coast of the country. ... Danyang County (Danyang-gun) is a county in North Chungcheong Province, South Korea. ... Xuancheng is a city with more than 100 000 inhabitants in Eastern Anhui province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Anhui (Chinese: 安徽; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: An-hui; Postal System Pinyin: Ngan-hui, Anhwei or An-hwei) is a province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ...

Initially, Yuan Shu promised to appoint Sun Ce the governor of Jiujiang but eventually gave the governorship to Chen Ji. Later, when Yuan Shu was denied a large loan of grains from the governor of Lujiang, he sent Sun Ce to attack the latter, promising to make Sun Ce the governor of Lujiang should he succeed. When Sun Ce did, however, Yuan Shu again went back on his words and appointed someone else instead. The disappointed Sun Ce then began to contemplate leaving. Jiujiang (Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is a prefecture-level city located on the southern shores of the Yangtze River (Changjiang) in northwest Jiangxi Province, China. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards and to make a clear distinction between fact and fiction, this article may require cleanup. ... Lujiang County (simplified Chinese: 庐江县; pinyin: Lújiāng Xiàn) is a county in Anhui under the jurisdiction of Chaohu. ...

Meanwhile, Liu Yao, who was by imperial decree the governor of Yangzhou (揚州, present day southern Jiangsu, southern Anhui, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Fujian), occupied Qu'e as the regional seat Shouchun (壽春, present day Shou County, Anhui) was already occupied by Yuan Shu. He then forced Wu Jing back west across the Yangtze River to Liyang (历陽, present day He County, Anhui) However, Yuan Shu claimed to be the rightful governor and sent Wu Jing and Sun Ce's elder cousin Sun Ben to attack Liu Yao. After they were unable to break down the defense for more than a year, Sun Ce requested to lead a force to assist the effort. To meet Wikipedias quality standards and to make a clear distinction between fact and fiction, this article may require cleanup. ...   (Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chiang-hsi; Postal map spelling: Kiangsi) is a southern province of the Peoples Republic of China, spanning from the banks of the Yangtze River in the north into hillier areas in the south. ... Zhejiang (also spelled Chehkiang or Chekiang) is an eastern coastal province of the Peoples Republic of China. ...   (Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Fu-chien; Postal map spelling: Fukien, Foukien; local transliteration Hokkien from Min Nan Hok-kiàn) is one of the provinces on the southeast coast of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Shou County (寿县) is a county in Anhui under the jurisdiction of Luan. ... Shou County is a county in Anhui under the jurisdiction of Luan. ... The Yangtze River or Chang Jiang (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), or Drichu in Tibetan (Tibetan: འབ; Wylie: bri chu) is the longest river in Asia and the third longest in the world, after the Nile in Africa, and the Amazon in South America. ... He County (simplified Chinese: 和县; pinyin: Hé Xiàn) is a district in Anhui under the jurisdiction of Chaohu. ... Category: ...

A kingdom's beginning

Though Yuan Shu knew Sun Ce intended to leave, he believed the latter would not be able to defeat Liu Yao. Thus he deployed the young general off with merely a thousand odd troops and a tiny cavalry force. Along with a few hundred more willing followers, Sun Ce proceeded to Liyang, where he boosted his strength to more than 5,000. He then launched an offensive across the Yangtze River and successfully occupied the strategic position of Niuzhu (牛渚, present day Caishiji, southwest of Ma'anshan, Anhui) in 195. The Yangtze River or Chang Jiang (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), or Drichu in Tibetan (Tibetan: འབ; Wylie: bri chu) is the longest river in Asia and the third longest in the world, after the Nile in Africa, and the Amazon in South America. ... Maanshan (Simplified Chinese: , Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Mǎānshān), also written as Maanshan, is a prefecture-level city in eastern Anhui province, Peoples Republic of China. ... Anhui (Chinese: 安徽; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: An-hui; Postal System Pinyin: Ngan-hui, Anhwei or An-hwei) is a province of the Peoples Republic of China. ...

Two of Liu Yao's allies then came south from Pengcheng and Xiapi respectively to aid him. Sun Ce chose to first attack one of them, Ze Rong, who made camp south of Moling. After suffering initial defeat in the hands of the aggressor, Ze Rong fell back in defense and refused to engage in battle. Sun Ce then marched further north and attacked Xue Li (薛禮) in Moling. Although Xue Li soon gave up the city and escaped, Liu Yao's subject Fan Neng and others had regrouped their forces and launched a renewed attack on Niuzhu. Turning back, Sun Ce defeated Fan Neng and secured Niuzhu. He then began a second offensive against Ze Rong. However, he was struck by a stray arrow in the thigh. Returning to Niuzhu, he sent out false words that he was killed in battle. The exalted Ze Rong then sent a force to attack. Sun Ce led the enemies into an ambush and annihilated them. When Ze Rong heard that Sun Ce was still alive, he further reinforced his defense works. Xuzhou (Chinese: 徐州; pinyin: ), known as Pengcheng (Chinese: 彭城; pinyin: ) in ancient times, is a prefecture-level city in northern Jiangsu Province of China. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Ze Rong (笮融) (d. ... Fan Neng (樊能) the protector of Yang under Liu Yao. ...

Sun Ce then temporarily gave up attacking Ze Rong and focused his forces on Qu'e. After all the surrounding areas were taken over by Sun Ce, Liu Yao gave up the city and escaped south to Yuzhang (豫章, present day Nanchang, Jiangxi), where he would later die. As Sun Ce implemented strict discipline among his troops, he won the instant support of the local people and gathered many talented men, such as Chen Wu, Zhou Tai, Jiang Qin, Zhang Zhao, Zhang Hong, Qin Song, and Lü Fan. He then pushed his force deeper into Yangzhou and conquered Kuaiji (會稽, present day Shaoxing, Zhejiang), whose governor Wang Lang surrendered. Sun Ce made Kuaiji his base city and struck out at the wandering bandit army led by Yan Baihu. Yan Baihu sent his younger brother Yan Yu to offer Sun Ce a position alongside Yan Baihu, but Sun Ce showed no mercy and personally slew the emissary. As Yan Yu was known among Yan Baihu's men as a fierce warrior, his death struck fear into their hearts and they were soon defeated. Sun Ce then appointed his relatives and a trusted subject to govern Danyang and Yuzhang, from which he divided a new commandery named Luling (廬陵). His campaign, from the occupation of Niuzhu to the conquest of the entire region southeast of the Long River, took less than a year. He then defeated and received the services of Zu Lang (祖朗), the Chief of Danyang, and Taishi Ci, the leader of the remnants of Liu Yao's forces; he then urged the surrender of Hua Xin, another one of the remnants of Liu Yao's forces. Thus, with the exception of the scattered but still numerous army of Yan Baihu, the lands south of the Yangtze were mostly pacified. Nanchang (Chinese: 南昌; Hanyu Pinyin: ) is the capital of Jiangxi Province in southeastern China. ... This is a Chinese name; the family name is Chen Chen Wu (陳武 or 陈武) was a military general who served under the Kingdom of Wu during the Three Kingdoms era of China. ... Zhou Tai (周泰; d. ... Jiang Qin Also known as Gongyi. ... Zhang Zhao (張昭) (156 - 236) was a brilliantly minded civil officer who served under the Sun family at the time of the Three Kingdoms in China. ... Zhang Hong was a Confucianist and brilliant minister who served Sun Ce and Sun Quan, the leaders of the state of Wu. ... The Emperors Shadow (Chinese: Qin Song; 秦颂, literally Ode of Qin or Anthem of Qin) is a 1996 film made in the Peoples Republic of China. ... Lu Fan was a very successful and highly ranked Chinese general under Sun Quan during the Three Kingdoms era. ... Shaoxing (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Shao-hsing) is a prefecture-level city in northeastern Zhejiang province, Peoples Republic of China. ... Wang Lang (? - 228?) was a politician during the end of the Han Dynasty and then into the Three Kingdoms period of China. ... Yan Baihu was a bandit of the Wu territory. ... Yan Yu the younger brother of Yan Baihu. ... Commandry (British English), or commandery (American English), was the smallest division of the European landed estate or manor under the control of a commendator, or commander, of an order of knights. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ...

The barbarians of Shanyue tribe, however, were not easily dealt with. To counter the frequent rebellions of the Shanyue (who would continue to rebel for many years), Sun Ce appointed a certain He Qi to a military rank with orders to subdue the Shanyue. He Qi would go on to become a highly successful general; truly, his appointment by Sun Ce was the first important step to Wu's eventual subjugation of the Shanyue. To meet Wikipedias quality standards and to make a clear distinction between fact and fiction, this article may require cleanup. ...

Late life

In 195, Yuan Shu declared himself the first emperor of the so-called Cheng Dynasty. In a letter to Yuan Shu, Sun Ce denounced the move and broke ties with the former. In an effort to garner support from Sun Ce, the rising warlord Cao Cao then recommended him to be appointed General Who Suppresses Rebellions (討逆將軍) and enfeoffed as Marquis of Wu (吳侯).^[1] In 199 Yuan Shu died of sickness along with his short-lived dynasty. His cousin Yuan Yin feared Cao Cao and gave up Shouchun. Bringing along Yuan Shu's coffin and his former troops, he headed to Huancheng (皖城, present day Qianshan County, Anhui) to seek refuge under Liu Xun (劉勳). As Liu Xun had insufficient food supplies in his realm to support the additional troops, he led a force south to pillage Haihun (海昏, east of present day Yongxiu County, Jiangxi). Cáo Cāo (155 – March 15, 220, pronounced Tsau Tsau) was a regional warlord and the second last Chancellor of the Eastern Han Dynasty who rose to great power during its final years in ancient China. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards and to make a clear distinction between fact and fiction, this article may require cleanup. ... Qianshan County is a county in Anhui under the jurisdiction of Anqing City. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Sun Ce was en route to attack Huang Zu in Xiakou (夏口, present day Hankou, Wuhan, Hubei) when he received the news. He then turned back and captured the poorly defended Huancheng, taking over all of Yuan Shu's 30,000 former troops. Hearing that his base city had been taken, Liu Xun headed west and sought help from Huang Zu, who sent a 5,000-strong naval force to assist him. Sun Ce pressed forward and defeated Liu Xun, who escaped north to Cao Cao. Sun Ce annexed more than 2,000 former troops and 1,000 ships of his enemy and came upon Huang Zu. Despite reinforcements from Liu Biao, Huang Zu was utterly defeated. Huang Zu was a general of Wu and serving Lord Lü Gong during the Three Kingdoms period in Ancient China. ... Wuchang (Chinese: ; pinyin: WÇ”chāng) is one of the three towns, together with Hankou and Hanyang, which are included in modern day Wuhan, the capital of the Hubei province, in China. ... Hankou (漢口; pinyin: Hànkǒu; Wade-Giles: Hankow) is one of the three towns, together with Wuchang and Hanyang, which are included in modern day Wuhan, the capital of the Hubei province, in China. ... For the brand of cymbal, see Wuhan cymbals. ...

The victorious Sun Ce in 199 looked poised to take over the entire southern China. As he was threatened by rival Yuan Shao in the north and could not divide his attention, Cao Cao attempted to further reinforce the alliance with Sun Ce by marrying his niece to Sun Ce's youngest brother Sun Kuang. Sun Ce in turn agreed to marry Sun Ben's daughter to Cao Cao's son Cao Zhang. Yuan Shao (? – 202) was a major warlord occupying the north of ancient China during the massive civil war towards the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the beginning of the Three Kingdoms era. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... Cao Zhang (曹彰; styled Ziwen 子文) was a son of Cao Cao and a general of the Wei during the Three Kingdoms period in China. ...

The former governor of Wu Commandery (吳郡, south of present day Suzhou, Jiangsu) Xu Gong, had long opposed Sun Ce. Xu Gong wrote to Emperor Xian, recommending the emperor to summon Sun Ce to the capital as he deemed Sun Ce to be a hero comparable to Xiang Yu and too dangerous to be allowed to occupy a territory. However, the letter was intercepted by an official loyal to Sun Ce, who attacked and then had Xu Gong executed. Xu Gong's former servants then kept a low profile and waited for chance to revenge. This article is about the city in Jiangsu. ... Xu Gong (許貢) (fl. ... Xiang Yu (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Hsiang Yü; 232 BC - 202 BC) was a prominent general during the fall of the Qin Dynasty. ...

In the year 200, Cao Cao engaged in the decisive Battle of Guandu with Yuan Shao along the shores of the Yellow River, leaving the capital and his base city Xuchang poorly guarded. Sun Ce is said to have then plotted to attack Xuchang under the banner of rescuing Emperor Xian, who was a figurehead held under Cao Cao's control. Preparations were underway for the military excursion when Sun Ce ran into three former servants of Xu Gong during a solo hunting trip. One of them managed to plant an arrow into Sun Ce's cheek before Sun Ce's men arrived and slew the assassins. Many differing accounts of Sun Ce's death exist (see below). One generally accepted scenario is that he died that same night. The Battle of Guandu (官渡之戰) was a battle in Chinese history. ... Yuan Shao (? – 202) was a major warlord occupying the north of ancient China during the massive civil war towards the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the beginning of the Three Kingdoms era. ... For other Yellow Rivers, see Yellow River (disambiguation). ... Xuchang (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is a prefecture-level city in central Henan province, Peoples Republic of China. ...

Another possible scenario has Sun Ce living for quite some time. The physician told Sun Ce to rest still for a hundred days to allow the wound to heal, but Sun Ce looked into the mirror one day and, seeing his scar, became so enraged that he slammed his table. The large movement caused the wound to break and he died in the same night. Although he was survived by one son, Sun Ce passed his legacy to his younger brother Sun Quan. When Sun Quan declared himself the first emperor of the Kingdom of Wu in 222, he bestowed upon Sun Ce the posthumous title of King Huan of Changsha (長沙桓王). Sun Quan (孫權 pinyin: SÅ«n Quán) (182 - 252), son of Sun Jian, was the third ruler of the State of Wu and the founder of Kingdom of Wu, during the Three Kingdoms period, in China. ... For the volcano in Indonesia, see Emperor of China (volcano). ... The Kingdom of Wu (Chinese: 吳, pinyin: wú) refers to a historical nation and several states in a region of China. ...

Sun Ce was succeeded by a posthumous son, Sun Shao, as well as at least two (possibly three) daughters, married to Gu Shao (顧卲) and later Zhu Ji (朱紀), and Lu Xun respectively. Sun Shao bore one son, Sun Feng (孫奉), who was executed by Sun Hao for alleged treason due to his popularity. Sun Shao (200-?) was the possibly posthumous son of Sun Ce, a warlord in the Han Dynasty. ... For the 20th century Vernacular Chinese writer, see Lu Xun. ... Sun Hao (å­«çš“) (242-284), courtesy name Yuanzong (元宗), originally named Sun Pengzu (孫彭祖) with the courtesy name Haozong (çš“å®—), was the fourth and final emperor of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period. ...

Dispute over cause of death

Sun Ce about to kill the priest Yu Ji as depicted in the 84-episode TV serial Romance of the Three Kingdoms

Sun Sheng (孫盛) in his Exposition on Disparities and Similarities (異同評) discounted the theory that Sun Ce made plans to attack Xuchang. He believed that although Sun Ce was a rising power, he was threatened in the west by Huang Zu, who was defeated but not eliminated, in the north by Chen Deng, governor of Guangling (廣陵, present day Yangzhou, Jiangsu), and in the south by indigenous tribes yet to be assimilated. These prevented Sun Ce from striking far out at Xuchang and moving the emperor to southeastern China. He further argued that Sun Ce died in the fourth month of 200, before the Battle of Guandu even took place. Image File history File links Sun_Ce_TV_Serial. ... Image File history File links Sun_Ce_TV_Serial. ... Gan Ji (? – 200) was a Taoist priest who lived during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era in ancient China. ... In 1995, Central Chinese Television(CCTV) produced a adaptation of the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. ... Xuchang (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is a prefecture-level city in central Henan province, Peoples Republic of China. ... Huang Zu was a general of Wu and serving Lord Lü Gong during the Three Kingdoms period in Ancient China. ... Chen Deng styled Yuan Long. ... Yangzhou (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ; former spellings: Yang-chou, Yangchow; literally Rising Prefecture) is a prefecture-level city in central Jiangsu province, Peoples Republic of China. ...   (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chiang-su; Postal map spelling: Kiangsu) is a province of the Peoples Republic of China, located along the east coast of the country. ... The Battle of Guandu (官渡之戰) was a battle in Chinese history. ...

The annotator of the Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms Pei Songzhi (裴松之) rebutted Sun Sheng, arguing that Huang Zu was newly broken and had yet to recollect his forces while the indigenous tribes were scattered and not much of a threat. Pei Songzhi believed that the first objective of Sun Ce's planned northward excursion was to attack Chen Deng, which would provide a platform for capturing Xuchang. On the other hand, Cao Cao and Yuan Shao had been engaging in skirmishes and small-scale battles before Sun Ce's death. Thus there was in fact no discrepancy in timing. The Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms can refer to one of two works of literature: Sanguo Zhi, the official history of the Three Kingdoms period in China; Samguk Sagi, a history of the Three Kingdoms period in Korea. ... Cáo Cāo (155 – March 15, 220, pronounced Tsau Tsau) was a regional warlord and the second last Chancellor of the Eastern Han Dynasty who rose to great power during its final years in ancient China. ... Yuan Shao (? – 202) was a major warlord occupying the north of ancient China during the massive civil war towards the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the beginning of the Three Kingdoms era. ...

A historically implausible legend regarding Sun Ce's death involves a popular Taoist priest of his time named Gan Ji (干吉), whom he regarded as a sorcerer. Despite petitions from his subjects and his own mother, Sun Ce ordered Gan Ji's execution. According to In Search of the Supernatural (搜神記) by Gan Bao (干竇), a compilation largely based on legends and hearsay, Sun Ce began to see apparitions of Gan Ji ever since the execution of the latter. After he was injured by assassins, Sun Ce was told by the physician to rest still to allow the wound to heal. However, he looked into the mirror one day and saw Gan Ji's face, whereupon he let out a cry and slammed the mirror. His wound broke and he died shortly. This version was adopted and further dramatized by Luo Guanzhong in his historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, in which Gan Ji's name was taken to be "Yu Ji".^[2] Taoism (or Daoism) is the English name referring to a variety of related Chinese philosophical traditions and concepts. ... Gan Ji (干吉, ? – 200) was a Taoist priest who lived during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era in ancient China. ... Luo Guanzhong (Traditional Chinese: 羅貫中, Wade Giles: Lo Kuan-chung) was a 14th century Chinese author attributed with writing Romance of the Three Kingdoms and editing Outlaws of the Marsh, two of the most revered adventure epics in Chinese literature. ... A historical novel a novel in which the story is set among historical events, or more generally, in which the time of the action predates the lifetime of the author. ... For other uses, see Romance of the Three Kingdoms (disambiguation). ...

Sun Ce in art

The "Little Conqueror," as he appears in Dynasty Warriors 6.

Dynasty Warriors 6 , as known in Japan) is a hack and slash video game set in Ancient China and the sixth official installment in the Dynasty Warriors series, developed by Omega Force and published by Koei. ...

Chinese opera

In Peking opera, Sun Ce's role is usually that of a hero or tragic hero, while his brother, Sun Quan is usually portrayed as a villain at worst or self-seeking at best. Several operas even toy with the idea that Quan had Cè assassinated so that he could take control of the warlord state, though there is no historical evidence to support this view. In the opera Fenghuang Er Qiao, Sun Ce borrows 3,000 troops from Yuan Shu and allies with the Qiao army, which is led by the Two Qiaos. Sun Ce, the protagonist of the opera, eventually gains the Elder Qiao's hand in marriage through a martial arts contest with the help of Zhou Yu and the Younger Qiao. In Beijing, September 2002 Beijing opera or Peking opera (京剧, pinyin: Jīngjù) is a kind of Chinese opera which arose in the mid-19th century and was extremely popular in the Qing dynasty court. ... For other uses, see Hero (disambiguation). ... A tragic hero is a literary character who makes a judgment error that inevitably leads to his/her own destruction. ... Sun Quan (孫權 pinyin: SÅ«n Quán) (182 - 252), son of Sun Jian, was the third ruler of the State of Wu and the founder of Kingdom of Wu, during the Three Kingdoms period, in China. ... Bad guy redirects here. ... Da Qiao The Elder Qiao, as she appears in Dynasty Warriors 5. ... A protagonist is the main figure of a piece of literature or drama and has the main part or role. ...

Comics and anime

In the anime Yokoyama Mitsuteru Sangokushi, Sun Ce fights alongside his father against Dong Zhuo and is befriended by Liu Bei, Guan Yu, and Zhang Fei, with whom he trains to become a hero. When Sun Jian finds the Imperial Seal and decides to keep it for himself, Sun Ce is troubled by his father's actions and leaves him, seeking advice from Liu Bei. Liu Bei convinces him that his father likely has a good reason for holding onto the Imperial Seal, and Sun Ce returns just in time to save his father from an attack made by Yuan Shao and help him escape. The rest of Sun Ce's actions, including his passing, are mentioned only in passing. Yokoyama Mitsuteru Sangokushi is the name of the anime series based on the Sangokushi manga by Mitsuteru Yokoyama, itself based on Eiji Yoshikawas retelling of the Chinese literary classic Romance of the Three Kingdoms. ... Dong Zhuo (董卓; Pinyin: Dǒng Zhuō) (139 – 192) was a warlord during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms Period in ancient China. ... This is a Chinese name; the family name is 劉 (Liu) Liú Bèi (Chinese: ; Pinyin: ) (161 – 223), courtesy name Xuándé (玄徳), was a powerful warlord and the founding emperor of the Kingdom of Shu during the Three Kingdoms era in ancient China. ... This is a Chinese name; the family name is Guan (關) Guan Yu (關羽) (160–219) was a general under the warlord Liu Bei during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of China. ... This is a Chinese name; the family name is Zhang Zhang Fei (?-221 AD) was a general of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China. ... Yuan Shao (? – 202) was a major warlord occupying the north of ancient China during the massive civil war towards the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the beginning of the Three Kingdoms era. ...

The character Sonsaku Hakufu in Ikki Tousen is loosely based on the historical figure Sun Ce (her surname's characters being identical to those of Sun Ce). Her guardian, Shuuyu Koukin, bears the same name and personality as Zhou Yu. The following is a list of Ikki Tousen characters. ... Ikki Tousen , literally one with the strength of a thousand) or Bakunyū Hyper-Battle Ikki Tōsen is a 13 episode anime series loosely based on the manga by Yuji Shiozaki, which is in turn based on the classic Chinese novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. ... The following is a list of Ikki Tousen characters. ... Zhou Yu (175 - 210) was a famous militarist and strategist of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. ...

In the anime Kōtetsu Sangokushi, Sun Ce is portrayed as a once kind-hearted and virtuous hero who was corrupted by the power of the Imperial Seal, causing him to kill its protector, who happens to be Lu Xun's father. Lu Xun is then convinced by Zhuge Liang to serve Sun Ce, who repeatedly reminds Lu Xun of his father's death before suddenly being attacked by assassins, the Imperial Seal being stolen from him. Before dying, he apologizes to Lu Xun for the death of his father, suggesting that before he died, he broke free of the Seal's influence. It is later revealed that Zhuge Liang was the mastermind behind Sun Ce's assassination and later events in the series. Animé redirects here. ... The National and Imperial Seal of Japan was originally the Imperial Seal, and is called 菊の御紋 Kiku No Gomon in Japanese, which, literally, means Noble Symbol of Chrysanthemum or Imperial Seal of Chrysanthemum . The Imperial Seal is used by members of the Japanese Imperial family. ... Lu Xun (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ) or Lu Hsün (Wade-Giles), pen name of Zhou Shuren (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: Zhōu Shùrén; Wade-Giles: Chou Shu-jen) (September 25, 1881 – October 19, 1936) is one of the major Chinese writers of the 20th... This is a Chinese name; the family name is Zhuge (諸葛) Zhuge Liang (181 - 234) was one of the greatest Chinese strategists of the Three Kingdoms period, as well as a statesman, engineer, scholar, and inventor. ...

In the Chinese manhua Ravages of Time, Sun Ce is a cunning, ruthless, and manipulative character. He hires Zhao Yun to assist him in retrieving the Imperial Seal from Yuan Shu, but a last minute ambush by Gan Ning supposedly kills Sun Ce right in front of Zhao Yun, who is surrounded and barely escapes. It is later revealed that Sun Ce is alive and well, having posed as a relative, and that the man slain was his double, Ling Cao. In addition, Sun Ce had foreseen the ambush and saw it as a way to be rid of any sort of commitment to pay Zhao Yun. Later, he desecrates Ling Cao's grave in front of Cao's orphaned son, Ling Tong, in order to enrage Tong, who cannot retaliate because his family is sworn to serve Sun Ce's own. Manhua (Traditional Chinese: 漫畫; Simplified Chinese: 漫画; Pinyin: ) is a general term for comics produced in China, often including Chinese translations of Japanese manga. ... The Ravages of Time (火鳳燎原) is an on-going Chinese manhua series re-telling the events in the Three Kingdoms Period of Chinese history, and the story revolves around the many exploits of the young Sima Yi. ... Zhao Yun (? - 229[1]) was a major military general during the civil wars of the late Han Dynasty and during the Three Kingdoms era of China. ... Yuan Shu (袁术; style name Gonglu 公路) (?? - 199) was a major warlord of the Later Han Dynasty who rose to prominence following the collapse of the Han court in 189. ... Gan Ning (甘寧) lived from 175 AD to about 218 AD during the period of Chinese history known as the Three Kingdoms Period. ... Ling Cao (凌操; ? – 203) was a general of the Wu Kingdom during the Three Kingdoms period, and the father of Wu general Ling Tong. ... Ling Tong (凌 çµ±), Born in 189 AD at Yuhang, Wujun (Zhe Jiang Province). ...

Video games

Sun Ce also appears as a playable character in the popular Dynasty Warriors video game series by Koei. In the third, fourth, and fifth installments of the game, he wields a pair of bamboo tonfa called the "Overlords," and is portrayed as energetic, outgoing, brash, and informal. Although charismatic and well-liked by his troops, he relies on the wisdom and responsibility of his friend, Zhou Yu, to keep him focused and on track. In Dynasty Warriors 5, Sun Ce meets his death due to a curse placed on him by the sorcerer Yu Ji, after Sūn orders his execution. He is succeeded by his brother, Quan, who in stark contrast to Ce, is stolid and detached. Sūn Quan often calls on the strength of his late father and brother during combat, attributing his ability and skill to the spirits of his fallen family guiding his hand. This article or section should be merged with Player character A playable character is a character in a video game that can be used as the players avatar within the game world. ... The Logo of Shin Sangokumusou 5 (Dynasty Warriors 6) Dynasty Warriors ( 真・三國無双:Shin Sangokumusou in Japan; literally meaning True - Unrivaled Three Kingdoms) is a series of video games created by Koei based loosely around the Romance of the Three Kingdoms epic, and is a spinoff series of another Koei game Romance... Koeis Current Company Logo Koei Co. ... A Wooden Tonfa The tonfa, also known as tong fa or tuifa, is a traditional Okinawan weapon from which the modern side-handled police baton is derived. ... Dynasty Warriors 5 (真・三國無双4) is a beat em up video game set in China and the fifth installment in the Dynasty Warriors series, developed by Omega Force and published by Koei, the game was released on the PlayStation 2 and Xbox. ... Gan Ji (? – 200) was a Taoist priest who lived during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era in ancient China. ...

In Dynasty Warriors 6, Sun Ce's weapon is a single-hooked spear and dawns armor similar to that of the ancient Greek muscle cuirass. Dynasty Warriors 6 , as known in Japan) is a hack and slash video game set in Ancient China and the sixth official installment in the Dynasty Warriors series, developed by Omega Force and published by Koei. ...

Sun Ce also makes an appearance in the spin off game, "Warriors Orochi", a combination of the Dynasty and Samurai Warriors series. In the game, Orochi uses the captive Sun Jian to blackmail the Sun family into servitude. Sun Ce is the first to rebel against Orochi, under the guidance of Sakon Shima, and much to the disapproval of his siblings, Quan and Shang Xiang. Warriors Orochi, known in Japan as Musō Orochi ), is a PlayStation 2 and XBOX360 action video game developed by Koei and Omega Force. ... This article is about the video game. ... Shima Sakon (????-1600) a retainer of the japanese clans of Tsutsui and Toyotomi during the Azuchi-Momoyama Period of the 17th century. ...

Family

• Father
  • Sun Jian
• Mother
  • Lady Wu (吳夫人) (d. 202)
• Brothers
  • Sun Quan
  • Sun Kuang
  • Sun Yi
  • Sun Lang
• Sister
  • Sun Shangxiang
• Wife
  • Elder Qiao
• Children
  • Posthumous son Sun Shao
  • Elder daughter wed to Zhu Ji
  • Second daughter wed to Gu Shao and later Lu Xun

Sūn Jiān (155 – 191) was a military general and minor warlord during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era in ancient China. ... Lady Wu(200-256) was a master swordsman. ... Events Roman law bans female gladiators Deaths Irenaeus, Bishop of Lyon (martyred) Perpetua (martyred) Felicitas (martyred) Yuan Shao, Chinese warlord Categories: 202 ... Sun Quan (孫權 pinyin: Sūn Quán) (182 - 252), son of Sun Jian, was the third ruler of the State of Wu and the founder of Kingdom of Wu, during the Three Kingdoms period, in China. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... Sun Yi an officer serving under Wu and the third son of Sun Jian. ... Sun Lang an officer of the Three Kingdoms Period and fifth son to that of Sun Jian. ... Lady Sun, or most famously Sun Shangxiang (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ) as she is called in Chinese opera and in contemporary culture, lived during the Three Kingdoms era of ancient China. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Very little is actually known about Sun Shao. ... For the 20th century Vernacular Chinese writer, see Lu Xun. ...

Notes

1. ^ Sun Ce was supposed to inherit his father's title of Marquis of Wucheng but he had given it up to his younger brother Sun Kuang.
2. ^ The Chinese characters for "Gan" (干) and "Yu" (于) in this case look very similar. It is believed that Luo Guanzhong made an error when referring to historical texts.

The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ...

References

• Chen Shou (2002). San Guo Zhi. Yue Lu Shu She. ISBN 7-80665-198-5. 
• Luo Guanzhong (1986). San Guo Yan Yi. Yue Lu Shu She. ISBN 7-80520-013-0. 
• Lo Kuan-chung; tr. C.H. Brewitt-Taylor (2002). Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 0-8048-3467-9. 

See also

• Three Kingdoms
• Personages of the Three Kingdoms
• Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms
• Romance of the Three Kingdoms