Kodachrome 40 KMA464P Super 8 Cartridge

Super 8 mm film, also simply called Super 8, is a motion picture film format released in 1965 by Eastman Kodak as an improvement of the older 8 mm home movie format, and the Cine 8 Format. 8 mm may refer to: 8 mm film, or its replacement N - 8, Super - 8 mm film and Single 8 - mm film The film 8mm about a private detective trying to verify the authenticiy of a snuff movie. ... Image File history File linksMetadata S8cartridg. ... Image File history File linksMetadata S8cartridg. ... This article is about motion pictures. ... Movie film formats Amateur formats: 8 mm Single-8 Super 8 mm 9,5 mm film 17. ... Eastman Kodak Company (NYSE: EK) is an American multinational public company which produces photographic materials and equipment. ... This article is about the 8 mm film format. ... Home Movies is a dialogue-driven animated series about 8-year-old Brendon Small (voiced by the creator, head writer, and lead musician of Home Movies Brendon Small), who makes films with his friends, Melissa and Jason, in his spare time. ...

The film is 8 mm wide, exactly the same as the older standard 8 mm film, and also has perforations on only one side. However, the dimensions of the perforations are smaller than those on older 8 mm film, which allowed the exposed area to be made larger. The Super-8 standard also specifically allocates the rebate opposite the perforations for an oxide stripe upon which sound can be magnetically recorded. An oxide is a chemical compound containing at least one oxygen atom and other elements. ... For other senses of this word, see magnetism (disambiguation). ...

There are several different varieties of the film system used for shooting, but the final film in each case has the same dimensions. By far the most popular system was the Kodak system.

The Kodak Super 8 system

Launched in 1965, Super-8 film comes in plastic light-proof cartridges containing coaxial supply and take-up spools loaded with 50 feet of film. This was enough film for 2.5 minutes at the U.S. motion picture professional standard of 24 frames per second, and for 3 minutes and 20 seconds of continuous filming at 18 frames per second for amateur use, for a total of approximately 3600 frames per film cartridge. A 200-foot cartridge later became available which could be used in specifically-designed cameras, but that Kodak cartridge is no longer produced. Super 8 film was typically a reversal stock. In the 1990s Pro-8 mm pioneered custom loading of several Super-8 stocks. Today Super 8 color negative film is available directly from Kodak for professional use and is typically transferred to video through the Telecine process for use in Television advertisement, music videos and other film projects. Telecine (IPA pronunciation: . Phonetic: tel-e-Sin-ee; tel-e-Sin-a as cine is the same root as in cinema; also tele-seen.) is the process of transferring motion picture film into electronic form, or the machine used in this process. ... A television advertisement or television commercial (often just commercial) is a span of television programming produced and paid for by an organization that conveys a message. ...

A Super 8 Film cartridge beside a Compact audio cassette for scale

The Super-8 plastic cartridge is probably the fastest loading film system ever developed as it can be loaded into the Super-8 camera in less than two seconds without the need to directly thread or even touch the film. In addition, coded notches cut into the Super-8 film cartridge exterior allowed the camera to recognize the film speed automatically. Not all cameras can read all the notches correctly though and not all cartridges are notched correctly such as Kodak Vision2 200T. See also http://super8wiki.com/index.php/Super_8_Cartridge_Notch_Ruler for a proper guide to how the notches work and finding compatibility with various camera models. Canon also keeps an exhaustive list of their Super-8 cameras with detailed specifications on what film speeds can be used with their cameras at http://www.canon.com/camera-museum/camera/cine/f_index.html. Usually, testing one cartridge of film can help handle any uncertainty a filmmaker may have about how well their Super-8 camera reads different film stocks. Color stocks were generally available only in tungsten (3400K), and almost all Super 8 cameras come with a switchable daylight filter built in, allowing for both indoor and outdoor shooting. Image File history File links Super 8mm film cartridge. ... Image File history File links Super 8mm film cartridge. ... Typical 60-minute Compact Cassette. ... Film stock is the term for photographic film on which films are recorded. ... The CIE 1931 x,y chromaticity space, also showing the chromaticities of black-body light sources of various temperatures, and lines of constant correlated color temperature Color temperature is a characteristic of visible light that has important applications in photography, videography, publishing and other fields. ... In photography, a filter is a camera accessory consisting of an optical filter that can be inserted in the optical path. ...

The original Super-8 film release was a silent system only, but in 1973 a sound on film version was released. The sound film had a magnetic soundtrack and came in larger cartridges than the original so as to accommodate a longer film path (required for smoothing the film movement before it reached the recording head), and a second aperture for the recording head. Sound cameras were compatible with silent cartridges, but not vice versa. Sound film was typically filmed at a speed of 18 or 24 frames per second. Kodak discontinued the production of Super 8 sound film in 1997, citing environmental regulations as the reason (the adhesive used to bond the magnetic track to the film was environmentally hazardous).

A Super 8 Film cartridge with a close-up of the film

Kodak still manufactures several color and black-and-white Super 8 reversal film stocks, but in 2005 announced the discontinuation of the most popular stock Kodachrome. While this created a huge temporary backlash against Kodak for discontinuing Kodachrome 40 on its 40th birthday^{[citation needed]}, Kodachrome was "replaced" by a new ISO 64 Ektachrome, which meant that Kodak had eliminated the one film stock that was too difficult for most labs to process anywhere in the world. There were only two Kodachrome labs in the entire world whereas now, all Super-8 film stocks, from color and black and white reversal, to color negative, can be processed same day in several labs around the world. Image File history File links Super 8mm film cartridge film. ... Image File history File links Super 8mm film cartridge film. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Kodachrome is the trademarked name of a brand of color reversal film sold by Eastman Kodak. ... “ISO” redirects here. ... Ektachrome photographic films, produced by Kodak are available in most formats including 35mm. ...

Kodak has also introduced several Super 8 negative stocks cut from their Vision film series, ISO 200 and ISO 500 which can be used in very low light. Kodak reformulated the emulsions for the B&W reversal stocks Plus-X (ISO 100) and Tri-X (ISO 200), in order to give them more sharpness. Many updates of film stocks are in response to the improvement of digital video technology. The growing popularity and availability of non-linear editing systems has allowed filmmakers to shoot Super-8 film but edit on video, thereby avoiding much of the scratches and dust that can accrue when editing the actual film. Super-8 Films may be transferred through telecine to video and then imported into computer-based editing systems. Along with the computer editing option a number of enthusiasts still choose to edit super 8 film with a viewer and rewinds and then project their edit master on a film projector and movie screen. A non-linear editing system is a video editing or audio editing system that can perform random access on the source material. ... Telecine (IPA pronunciation: . Phonetic: tel-e-Sin-ee; tel-e-Sin-a as cine is the same root as in cinema; also tele-seen.) is the process of transferring motion picture film into electronic form, or the machine used in this process. ...

Kodak Super 8 mm cartridges cannot be reloaded, however a reloadable cartridge was manufactured in the Soviet Union.

The Fujifilm Single-8 system

Fujifilm of Japan developed an alternative format called Single-8, which was released in 1965 as a different option to the Kodak Super 8 format. Fujifilm Holdings Corporation or Fujifilm ) is a Japanese company known for its photographic film and cameras. ... Single-8 is a film format introduced by Fujifilm of Japan as an alternative to the Kodak Super 8 format. ...

Single-8 cartridges are of a different design from a Super 8 cartridge, resembling a cassette-style design (both supply and take-up reels side by side) as opposed to Super 8's coaxial cartridge design (both reels on top of each other). Therefore, Single-8 film cartridges can only be used in Single-8 cameras. However, the film loaded in a Single-8 cartridge is exactly the same as Super 8 (with the exception of being made of a thinner & stronger polyester base, rather than the acetate base of Super 8 film), and can be viewed in any Super 8 projector after processing. SEM picture of a bend in a high surface area polyester fiber with a seven-lobed cross section Polyester (aka Terylene) is a category of polymers which contain the ester functional group in their main chain. ... For other uses, see Acetate (disambiguation). ...

Although never as popular as Super 8, the format continues to live in parallel. As of early 2006, Fuji still manufactures Single-8 film, and filmstock and processing is still available from several sources.

Double Super 8

Double Super 8 film (commonly abbreviated as DS8) is a 16 mm wide film but has Super 8 size sprockets. It is used in the same way as standard 8 mm film in that the film is run through the camera twice, exposing one side on each pass. During processing, the film is split down the middle and the two pieces spliced together to produce a single strip for projection in a Super 8 projector. Because it has sprockets on both sides of the film, the pin-registration is superior to Super 8 film and so picture stability is better. This article is about the 8 mm film format. ...

Super Duper 8 (AKA Max 8)

Super-Duper-8, or S-D-8 was created out of the need for widescreen compatibility without having to use expensive optical adaptors or excessive cropping. Since magnetic sound-striped film is no longer available, the creators of Sleep Always experimented with widening the camera gate to expose into the sound track region to achieve this. The result is a 20% wider image than previously possible which also gives better clarity to the image. Pro8mm sells Max-8 widescreen cameras, which are remade Super-8 cameras. These cameras have an aspect ratio of about 1.58, so less cropping is needed to convert the image to widescreen than the traditional 1.33 ratio.

Equipment

Pro8mm is one of the few companies currently producing super 8 mm film cameras ([1]), but they are relatively expensive. However, old Super 8 cameras are available at reasonable prices from specialized retailers and auction sites such as eBay. This article is about the online auction center. ...

Kodak is the only company recently making Super 8 film stock and the films available from Kodak now include Super 8 Vision 2 color negative film. One or more other Super 8 specialists (such as Pro8mm, Wittner-kinotechnik and Kahlfilm) slit raw 35 mm film stock from Fuji, Kodak and ORWO, perforate it, and repackage it in Kodak Super 8 cartridges. Effectively there are now more varieties of Super 8 film available than ever before, but ironically very few retailers still stock Super 8 film, as there is virtually no demand from "ordinary" consumers. Orwo is a manufacturer of photographic film. ...

One country where it is still stocked in every High Street is the UK, where the chain Jessops carries one film: Kodak Ektachrome 64T. Until recently (2002) it was also available in Boots, a British high-street chain-pharmacy. In 2007 it was reported that Jessops are scaling back their film stocks and will no longer stock Super 8 film. As yet this remains unconfirmed. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Main Street. ...

There were rumours of Super 8 cameras and films being manufactured and sold in North Korea and indeed this has been confirmed by North Korean embassies, but the only way to buy such products is to visit the country itself.

In-flight movies

Starting in 1971^[1], In-flight movies (previously 16 mm) were shown in Super 8 format until video distribution became the norm. The films were printed with an optical sound track (amateur films use magnetic sound), and spooled into proprietary cassettes that often held a whole 2-hour movie. In-flight entertainment (IFE) refers to the entertainment available to aircraft passengers during a flight. ... (Redirected from 16 mm) 16mm film was initially created in the 1920s as an inexpensive amateur alternative to the conventional 35 mm film format. ...

Popularity

Clip of Super 8 film shot in Folkestone, England in 2008

Amateur usage of Super 8 has been largely replaced by video, but the format is often used by professionals in music videos, TV commercials, and special sequences for television and feature film projects. For a professional cinematographer, Super 8 is another tool to use alongside larger formats. Some seek to imitate the look of old home movies, or create a stylishly grainy look. Many independent filmmakers such as Karin Hoerler, Derek Jarman, Dave Markey, Jem Cohen, Damon Packard, Sam Raimi, Matt Hulse, Kevin Smith, Mark Pirro, Jesse Richards, Harmony Korine, David Horvitz, Nathan Schiff and Guy Maddin have made extensive use of 8 mm film, and it appears to have made something of a comeback in both the art and experimental film world. Oliver Stone, for example, has used it several times in his more recent films, such as The Doors, Natural Born Killers, Nixon, U Turn, and JFK where his DP Robert Richardson employed it to evoke a period or to give a different look to scenes. The PBS series Globe Trekker uses approximately 5 minutes of Super 8 footage per episode. Says creater Ian Cross, "it gives our show a particular look."^[2] In the UK, broadcasters such as the BBC still occasionally make use of super-8mm in both drama and documentary contexts, usually for creative effect. A recent example of particular note was the 2005 BBC2 documentary series, Define Normal, which was shot largely on super-8mm, with only interviews and special timelapse photography utilising more conventional digital formats.^[3] , Folkestone (IPA: ) is a resort town on the south coast of Kent, England, traditionally known as The Garden Coast. Situated at the foot of the North Downs, the town has stunning views of the surrounding countryside as well as the coast of France. ... For other uses, see Video (disambiguation). ... An independent film, or indie film, is a film that is produced outside of the studio system. ... Derek Jarman Derek Jarman (January 31, 1942 – February 19, 1994) was an English film director, stage designer, artist, and writer. ... Dave Markey (born December 3, 1963 in Burbank, California) is an American film director. ... Jem A. Cohen (born 1962, Kabul, Afghanistan) is a New York City-based filmmaker known for his observational portraits of urban landscapes, blending of media formats (16mm, Super 8, video) and collaborations with music artists. ... Damon Packard (b. ... For the American opera singer, see Samuel Ramey. ... Kevin Smith at a comics convention in 2005 Kevin Patrick Smith (born August 2, 1970) is an American screenwriter, film director, comic book writer, and creator of View Askew. ... Jesse Richards as Frank in his film Franks Wild Years Jesse Richards (born July 17, 1975) is a painter, filmmaker and photographer from New Haven, Connecticut and was affiliated with the British art movement Stuckism. ... Harmony Korine Harmony Korine (born January 4, 1973) is an American film director, producer, screenwriter and author. ... Operating a Canon 1014XL-S Super 8 camera on location in Cold Spring Harbor, New York, Nathan Schiff directs Annie Titone and John Smihula in a scene for Vermilion Eyes (1991). ... Guy Maddin (born February 28, 1956) is a Canadian screenwriter and director of both features and short films. ... William Oliver Stone (born September 15, 1946), known as Oliver Stone, is a three-time Academy Award winning film director and screenwriter. ... The Doors is a 1991 film about Jim Morrison and The Doors. ... For the song, see Natural Born Killaz. ... Nixon is a 1995 film directed by Oliver Stone for Cinergi Pictures that tells the story of the political and personal life of former President Richard Nixon. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with U Turn. ... JFK is an American film directed by Oliver Stone, first released on December 20, 1991. ... A cinematographer (from cinema photographer) is one photographing with a motion picture camera. ... Robert Bridge Richardson (born 27 August 1955 in Hyannis, Massachusetts) is an American cinematographer. ... Not to be confused with Public Broadcasting Services in Malta. ... Globe Trekker (also called Pilot Guides in Canada and the United States and originally broadcast as Lonely Planet) is an adventure tourism television series produced by Pilot Productions. ... For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... BBC Two (or BBC2 as it was formerly styled) was the second UK television station to be aired by the BBC. History The channel was scheduled to begin at 7:20pm on April 20, 1964 and show an evening of light entertainment, starting with the comedy show The Alberts and... Define Normal was a BBC documentary series, first broadcast July 2005. ...

Mark Pirro became a "hero" to legions of Super-8 filmmakers who dreamed of becoming directors when his film A Polish Vampire in Burbank was broadcast three times in the early 90's on the USA Network television show called "USA Up All Night". Apparently this encouraged other Super-8 filmmakers to contact the USA Network to see if they could have their crude Super-8 films evaluated for broadcast, allegedly quelling the demand for future repeat broadcasts of Mark's film. Pirro grew to dislike the format as he felt he had been pigeonholed as a Super-8 filmmaker rather than a director. USA Network is a popular American cable television network with about 89 million household subscribers as of 2005. ... USA Up All Night (also known as Up All Night and Up All Night with Rhonda Shear) is a cable television series that aired on the weekends on the USA Network. ...

Other feature films have also been shot exclusively on Super 8 by serious amateur film makers hoping to gain more experience working with film, and as a stepping stone into productions shot on 16 mm and 35 mm.

To give further support to filmmakers dedicated to shooting on Super 8 mm film, many film festivals and screenings such as the Flicker Film Festival exist to give filmmakers a place to screen their Super 8 mm films. Many of these screenings shun video and are only open to films shot on film. Some require film to be turned in undeveloped and thus not permitting any editing, providing an additional challenge to the filmmaker. These include such the Bentley Film Festival, and straight 8 [2] which runs screenings at the Cannes Film Festival and many other festivals and events worldwide, where a sound track is required to be supplied with a completed but unprocessed cartridge. In the 2005 Cannes Film Festival, a Super-8 short film (The Man Who Met Himself) by British filmmaker Ben Crowe shot on the now discontinued Kodachrome 40 format was the first Super 8 film to be nominated for the Short Film Palme D'Or in the Official Selection. Flicker is an ongoing film festival that happens in many cities around the world. ... 1933 Bugatti DOHC straight-8 in a Type 59 Grand Prix racer 1940s Oldsmobile Straight-8 engine A Straight-8 is a straight engine with eight cylinders. ... The Cannes Film Festival (French: le Festival de Cannes), founded in 1939, is one of the worlds oldest, most influential and prestigious film festivals. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Cannes Film Festival (French: le Festival de Cannes), founded in 1939, is one of the worlds oldest, most influential and prestigious film festivals. ... Palme dOr The Palme dOr (Golden Palm) is the highest prize given to a film at the Cannes Film Festival. ...

The United States Super-8 Film + Digital Video Festival receives close to 100 Super-8 entries every year. [3].

Until 1999, the University of Southern California's famous School of Cinematic Arts required students to shoot some of their projects using Super 8, but digital video is now favoured instead. However, it is still used elsewhere by film students wishing to learn the basics of shooting and editing. Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... The Trojan Shrine, better known as Tommy Trojan located in the center of University of Southern California campus. ... The USC School of Cinematic Arts, formerly named the School of Cinema-Television (CNTV), is a film school within the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, California. ... Digital video is a type of video recording system that works by using a digital, rather than analog, of the video signal. ... Film editing is the connecting of one or more shots to form a sequence, and the subsequent connecting of sequences to form an entire movie. ...

Outside of Hollywood and university settings Super 8 has been enjoying a long renaissance within the wedding videography industry. A popular addition to the normal use of videotape, 8 mm adds an aspect of nostalgia that many bridal couples enjoy. Wedding videography is the documentation of a wedding on video. ...

Thanks to over a dozen film stocks and certain features common in Super 8 cameras but unavailable in video camcorders--notably the ability to expose single frames and shoot at several non video standard frame rates, including time-exposure and slow motion--Super 8 provides an ideal inexpensive medium for traditional stop-motion and cel animation and other types of filming speed affects not common to video cameras. The bouncing ball animation (below) consists of these 6 frames. ...

See also

• List of film formats
• List of silent films released on 8 mm or Super 8 mm film
• Super 8 film cameras
• Wedding videography

This is a list of film formats known to have been developed for shooting or viewing motion pictures since the development of such photographic technology towards the end of the 19th century. ... Decades before the video revolution of the late 1970s/early 1980s, there was a small but devoted market for home films in the 16 mm, 8 mm, and Super 8 mm film market. ... Super 8 Film Cameras In 2006 and beyond Super 8 Film cameras use 50 ft. ... Wedding videography is the documentation of a wedding on video. ...

References

External links

• www.super8camera.com DIY processing instructions and tons of info on camera's, ASA and filmstock.
• ITV Local Anglia's web entertainment show All Angles Interview with Cambridge International Super 8 Festival organisers.
• Official Kodak information:
  • Super-8mm Resources
  • Super-8 Film Stocks / Ordering Information
• Super 8 at the Open Directory Project
• onsuper8.org Impartial information, news, articles and films via the podcast
• Eldhuset Film — the Free Smallfilm Manuals list — Eldhuset Film hosts a growing list of freely downloadable 8 mm, super 8 and 16 mm camera manuals in pdf-format.
• Super 8 Wiki — detailed information on every Super 8 camera made, and articles on repair techniques
• Cambridge International Super 8 Festival UK film festival dedicated to the Super 8 format.
• super-8mm.net Super-8 filmmaking in the digital age.
• super-8mm.com Low Budget Super-8 feature Filmmaking.