Supercooling is the process of chilling a liquid below its freezing point, without it becoming solid. The Upright Citizens Brigade is an improvisational comedy and sketch comedy group that emerged from Chicagos ImprovOlympic in 1990. ... For other uses, see Liquid (disambiguation). ... The melting point of a crystalline solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to liquid. ... This box:      For other uses, see Solid (disambiguation). ...

Description

A liquid below its freezing point will crystallize in the presence of a seed crystal or nucleus around which a crystal structure can form. However, lacking any such nucleus, the liquid phase can be maintained all the way down to the temperature at which crystal homogeneous nucleation occurs. The homogeneous nucleation can occur above the glass transition where the system is an amorphous—that is, non-crystalline—solid. Frost crystallization on a shrub. ... Bubbles in a soft drink each nucleate independently, responding to a decrease in pressure. ... For other uses, see Crystal (disambiguation). ... In the physical sciences, a phase is a set of states of a macroscopic physical system that have relatively uniform chemical composition and physical properties (i. ... The glass transition temperature is the temperature below which the physical properties of amorphous materials vary in a manner similar to those of a solid phase (glassy state), and above which amorphous materials behave like liquids (rubbery state). ... Wax and paraffin are amorphous. ...

Water has a freezing point of 273.15 K (0 °C or 32 °F) but can be supercooled at standard pressure down to its crystal homogeneous nucleation at almost 231 K (−42 °C).^[1] If cooled at a rate on the order of 10⁶ K/s, the crystal nucleation can be avoided and water becomes a glass. Its glass transition temperature is much colder and harder to determine, but studies estimate it at about 165 K (−108 °C).^[2] Glassy water can be heated up to approximately 150 K (−123 °C).^[1] In the range of temperatures between 231 K (−42 °C) and 150 K (−123 °C) experiments find only crystal ice. Bubbles in a soft drink each nucleate independently, responding to a decrease in pressure. ... This article is about the material. ...

Droplets of supercooled water often exist in stratiform and cumulus clouds. They form into ice when they are struck by the wings of passing airplanes and abruptly crystallize. (This causes problems with lift, so aircraft that are expected to fly in such conditions are equipped with a deicing system.) Freezing rain is also caused by supercooled droplets. For other uses, see Stratus. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... For other uses, see Cloud (disambiguation). ... This article is about water ice. ... Airplane and Aeroplane redirect here. ... An American Airlines MD-80 aircraft being de-iced at Syracuse Hancock International Airport De-icing is the process of removing ice from a surface. ... Freezing Rain is a type of precipitation that begins as snow at higher altitude, falling from a cloud towards earth, melts completely on its way down while passing through a layer of air above freezing temperature, and then encounters a layer below freezing at lower level to become supercooled. ...

An equivalent to supercooling for the process of melting solids is much more difficult, and a solid will almost always melt at the same temperature for a given pressure. It is, however, possible to superheat a liquid above its boiling point without it becoming gaseous. For other uses, see Temperature (disambiguation). ... This article is about pressure in the physical sciences. ... In physics, superheating (sometimes referred to as boiling retardation, boiling delay, or defervescence) is the phenomenon in which a liquid is heated to a temperature higher than its standard boiling point, without actually boiling. ... Italic text This article is about the boiling point of liquids. ...

See also

• Diamond dust, an Antarctic optical phenomenon
• Flash freezing
• Nucleation
• Supersaturation
• Vitrification

Diamond dust is the name commonly used to refer to a ground-level cloud composed of tiny ice crystals. ... Flash freezing refers to the application of supercooling in various kinds of industries whereby objects are quickly frozen by subjecting them to super low temperatures. ... Bubbles in a soft drink each nucleate independently, responding to a decrease in pressure. ... The term supersaturation refers to a solution that contains more of the dissolved material than could be dissolved by the solvent under normal circumstances. ... A vitrification experiment for the study of nuclear waste disposal at Pacific Northwest National Labs Vitrification is a process of converting a material into a glass-like amorphous solid which is free of any crystalline structure, either by the quick removal or addition of heat, or by mixing with an...

References

Physics Today magazine, created in 1948, is the flagship publication of The American Institute of Physics. ...

External links

• Supercooled Water Matt Sparks's blog entry about his experience with a cold garage and supercooling. Includes videos of supercooled water freezing after being agitated.
• Video of Supercooled Water A video of −21 °C supercooled water poured into a bowl, instantly turning to peaks of slush.