|
Supramolecular chemistry refers to the area of chemistry which focuses on the noncovalent bonding interactions of molecules. Traditional organic synthesis involves the making and breaking of covalent bonds to construct a desired molecule. In contrast, supramolecular chemistry utilizes far weaker and reversible noncovalent interactions, such as hydrogen bonding, metal coordination, hydrophobic forces, van der Waals forces, pi-pi interactions, and/or electrostatic effects to assemble molecules into multimolecular complexes. Important concepts that have been demonstrated by supramolecular chemistry include host-guest chemistry, self-assembly, and molecular recognition. Chemistry (derived from alchemy) is the science of matter at or near the atomic scale. ...
This article needs to be wikified. ...
Snapshot from a simulation of liquid water. ...
The hydrophobic effect is the property that nonpolar molecules like to self-associate in the presence of aqueous solution. ...
In chemistry, the term van der Waals force originally referred to all forms of intermolecular forces; however, in modern usage it tends to refer to intermolecular forces that deal with forces due to the polarization of molecules. ...
In supramolecular chemistry, a π-π interaction is a non-covalent interaction as well hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, charge-transfer interactions, and dipole-dipole interactions. ...
In supramolecular chemistry host-guest chemistry describes Complexes that are composed of two or more molecules or ions held together in unique structural relationships by hydrogen bonding or by ion pairing or by Van der Waals force other than those of full covalent bonds. ...
Self-assembly is the fundamental principle which generates structural organization on all scales from molecules to galaxies. ...
In chemistry, molecular recognition is a phenomenon in which molecules are distinguished accurately from other molecules. ...
History
The importance of supramolecular chemistry was recognized by the 1987 Nobel Prize for Chemistry which was awarded to Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn, and Charles J. Pedersen in recognition of their work in this area. The development selective "host-guest" complexes in particular, in which a host molecule recognizes and selectively binds a certain guest, was cited as an important contribution. Sir Edward Appletons medal Photographs of Nobel Prize Medals. ...
Jean-Marie Lehn (born September 30, 1939) is a French chemist. ...
Origins Research in this area has it origins in biological systems which are highly dependent on noncovalent interactions to function. For instance, the important breakthrough that allowed the elucidation of the double helical structure of DNA occurred when it was realized that there were two separate strands of nucleotides connected through hydrogen bonds. The use of noncovalent bonds is essential to replication because they allow the strands to be separated and used to template new double stranded DNA.
Application Supramolecular chemistry and self-assembly processes in particular have been applied to the development of new materials. Large structures can be readily accessed using bottom-up synthesis as they are composed of small molecules requiring fewer steps to synthesize. Thus most of the bottom-up approaches to nanotechnology are based on supramolecular chemistry. Self-assembly is the fundamental principle which generates structural organization on all scales from molecules to galaxies. ...
Top-down and bottom-up are strategies of information processing, mostly involving software, and by extension other humanistic and scientific systems theory. ...
Molecular gears from a NASA computer simulation. ...
Supramolecular chemistry is often pursued to develop new functions that cannot appear from a single molecule. These functions include magnetic properties, light responsiveness, catalytic activity, self-healing polymers, chemical sensors, etc. Supramolecular research has been applied to develop high-tech sensors, processes to treat radioactive waste, compact information storage devices for computers, high-performance catalysts for industrial processes, and contrast agents for CAT scans. In physics, magnetism is one of the phenomena by which materials exert an attractive or repulsive force on other materials. ...
Generic graph showing the effect of a catalyst in an hypothetical exothermic chemical reaction. ...
Generic graph showing the effect of a catalyst in an hypothetical exothermic chemical reaction. ...
CT apparatus in a hospital Computed axial tomography (CAT), computer-assisted tomography, computed tomography, CT, or body section roentgenography is the process of using digital processing to generate a three-dimensional image of the internals of an object from a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken around...
Supramolecular chemistry is also important to the development of new pharmaceutical therapies by understanding the interactions at a drug binding site. In addition, supramolecular systems have been designed to disrupt protein-protein interactions that are important to cellular function. Protein-protein interactions refer to the association of protein molecules and the study of these associations from the perspective of biochemistry or networks. ...
Research in supramolecular chemistry also has application in green chemistry where reactions have been developed which proceed in the solid state directed by non-covalent bonding. Such procedures are highly desirable since they reduce the need for solvents during the production of chemicals. Green Chemistry is the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. ...
Subdivisions In chemistry supermolecules are well defined discrete oligo-molecular species formed via association of a finite number of constituents. ...
In supramolecular chemistry host-guest chemistry describes Complexes that are composed of two or more molecules or ions held together in unique structural relationships by hydrogen bonding or by ion pairing or by Van der Waals force other than those of full covalent bonds. ...
Catenanes are interlocked macrocyclic rings. ...
A rotaxane is a molecular structure consisting of a dumbbell shaped molecule that is threaded through a macrocycle or ring-like molecule. ...
In chemistry, a molecular knot (knotane) is a molecule whose topology forms a knot. ...
Supramolecular assembly is the creating of molecular assemblies that are beyond the scale of one molecule, including on the order of cells. ...
Schematic of a micelle. ...
This article or section should include material from Net flux A membrane is a thin, typically planar structure or material that separates two environments. ...
In cell biology, a vesicle is a relatively small and enclosed compartment, separated from the cytosol by at least one lipid bilayer. ...
Liquid crystals are a class of molecules that, under some conditions, inhabit a phase in which they exhibit isotropic, fluid-like behavior – that is, with little long-range ordering – but which under other conditions inhabit one or more phases with significant anisotropic structure and long-range ordering while still having...
See also In supramolecular chemistry, molecular complimentarity refers to molecular recognition between supermolecules formed by receptor-substrate binding through those processes as spherical and tetrahedral recognition, linear recognition by coreceptors, metalloreceptors, amphiphilic receptors, anion coordination, and others. ...
References - Lehn JM (1993). "Supramolecular chemistry". Science 260 (5115): 1762-3. PMID 8511582.
|
Feeds |
Contact