Russia

This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Russia Russian coat of arms This image depicts a seal, an emblem, a coat of arms or a crest. ... The politics of Russia (the Russian Federation) take place in a framework of a federal presidential republic, whereby the President of Russia is both head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ...

Constitution President: Vladimir Putin Prime Minister: Mikhail Fradkov Federal Assembly Federation Council Duma Judiciary (Russian Constitution) Constitutional Court Supreme Court Supreme Court of Arbitration Political parties Elections in Russia President: 2000 - 2004 - 2008 Parliamentary: 2003 - 2007 Subdivisions Federal subjects Human rights Foreign relations

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The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation (Russian: Верховный Суд Российской Федерации) is the final instance in administrative law, civil law and criminal law cases. Besides, it supervises the work of lower courts and gives interpretation of laws and elucidations concerning their implementations, which are compulsory for lower courts. The President of Russia (ru: Президент России is the highest position within the Government of Russia. ... Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (Russian: ) (born October 7, 1952) is a Russian politician, and the current President of the Russian Federation. ... The Prime Minister of Russia is the current Head of Government of the Russian Federation. ... Mikhail Fradkov (Photo: Ricardo Stuckert/PR, 2006) Mikhail Yefimovich Fradkov (Russian: Михаи́л Ефи́мович Фрадко́в) (born September 1, 1950) is a Russian politician, and the current Prime Minister of Russia. ... Federal Assembly of Russia (Федеральное Собрание) is the name of the parliament of the Russian Federation, according to the Constitution of Russian Federation, 1993. ... The Federation Council of Russia (Совет Федерации, Soviet Federatsii, Federal Soviet) is the upper house of the Federal Assembly of Russia (parliament of the Russian Federation), according to the 1993 Constitution of the Russian Federation. ... A Duma (Ду́ма in Russian) is any of various representative assemblies in modern Russia and Russian history. ... The Russian judiciary has judicial appeal and judicial review at the level of the Supreme Court. ... Constitutional Court of Russian Federation (Russian: Конституционный Суд Российской Федерации) is a high court which is empowered to rule on whether or not certain laws or presidential decrees are in fact contrary to the Constitution of Russia. ... The Supreme Court of Arbitration of the Russian Federation is the final instance in commercial disputes in Russia. ... Political parties in Russia lists political parties in Russia. ... Politics of Russia Categories: Election related stubs | Elections in Russia ... Presidential elections were held in the Russian Federation on March 26, 2000. ... Presidential elections were held in the Russian Federation on March 14, 2004. ... The Russian Presidential election of 2008, scheduled to be held in March 2008, is widely expected to be a three-horse race between the official Kremlin-backed candidate, the candidate of the left-wing nationalist forces and the nominee of the democratic opposition. ... Legislative elections were held in the Russian Federation on December 7, 2003. ... Russia will have Duma elections on December 2, 2007. ... Russia is a federation which consists of 88 subjects (Russian: ; English transliteration: subyekty, sing. ... Russias human rights record remains uneven and has worsened in some areas since the 1990s. ... Regarding the foreign relations of Russia, Russia has taken important steps to become a full partner in the worlds principal political groupings. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... Administrative law is the body of law that arises from the activities of administrative agencies of government. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Criminal law (also known as penal law) is the body of statutory and common law that deals with crime and the legal punishment of criminal offenses. ...

Composition

Judges of the Supreme Court are nominated by the President of Russia and appointed by the Federation Council. In order to become a judge a person must be citizen of Russia, attain the age of 35, have legal education and 10-years length of service. The President of Russia (ru: Президент России is the highest position within the Government of Russia. ... Federation Council refers to one of the following: Federation Council of Russia—the upper house of the Federal Assembly of Russia (the lower house is the State Duma). ...

The Supreme Court consists of Civil cases Board, Criminal cases Board and Martial Board, which deal with respective cases. Those cases in which the Supreme Court has the original jurisdiction are heard in Board. Appeals on the decisions of the Boards are brought in the Cassation Board. Whereas a Board reviews decisions of lower courts, appeal is brought to the Presidium of the Supreme Court.

At least once in four months plenary sessions of the Supreme Court are held. Plenary session must be attended by all judges of the Supreme Court and the Prosecutor General of Russia. On plenary sessions the Supreme Court studies judicial decisions of lower courts on various topics and adopts resolutions, which establish recommendations on interpretation of particular provisions of law for lower courts for uniform application. Russian law does not recognize judicial precedent as a source of law, but courts strictly follow such recommendations. Otherwise decision contrary to recommendations of the Supreme Court will be reversed. Coat of Arms of the Prosecutor General of Russia The Prosecutor General of Russia (also Attorney General of Russia, Russian: ) heads the system of official prosecution in courts known as the Office of the Prosecutor General of Russian Federation (Генеральная прокуратура Российской Федерации). The Office of the Prosecutor General is entrusted with: prosecution in... Precedent, sometimes authority, is the legal principle or rule created by a court which guides judges in subsequent cases with similar issues or facts. ...

Academic consultative Council attached to the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation (Научно-консультативный совет при Верховном Суде Российской Федерации) is a body created in order to assist the Supreme Court in various legal and academic matters. It comprises members of the Supreme Court itself, academics and practising lawyers and law enforcement officers. The members of the Academic consultative Council are elected on plenary sessions of the Supreme Court.

Powers

The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation has original jurisdiction in certain cases. Those include: challenging of individual acts of Federal Assembly and decrees of the President of Russia and the Government of Russia; challenging of delegated legislation of governmental agencies; termination of political parties and all-Russian NGOs; challenging of actions of Central Electoral Commission of Russia when organizing presidential elections, State Duma elections or referendum. The Supreme Court may also hear criminal cases against members of the Federation Council of Russia and the State Duma and federal judges by their discretion. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Federal Assembly may be: Federal Assembly of Austria Federal Assembly of Germany Federal Assembly of Russia Federal Assembly of Switzerland This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... The President of Russia (ru: Президент России is the highest position within the Government of Russia. ... Since gaining its independence with the collapse of the Soviet Union at the end of 1991, Russia (formally, the Russian Federation) has faced serious challenges in its efforts to forge a political system to follow nearly seventy-five years of Soviet rule. ... NGO is an abbreviation or code for: Non-governmental organization Nagoya Airport (IATA code) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita, a decree of the Concilium Plebis) is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. ... The Federation Council of Russia (Совет Федерации, Soviet Federatsii, Federal Soviet) is the upper house of the Federal Assembly of Russia (parliament of the Russian Federation), according to the 1993 Constitution of the Russian Federation. ... Emblem commemorating the 100 year anniversary of Russia Dumas Boris Gryzlov, speaker of the Russian State Duma since December 2003 The State Duma (Russian: Государственная дума (Gosudarstvennaya Duma), common abbreviation: Госдума (Gosduma)) in the Russian Federation is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia (legislature), the upper house being the Federation...

The Supreme Court is also the court of last resort for cases heard in lower courts since it reviews decisions of lower courts. When petition requesting reverse of a decision of a Supreme Court of federal subject comes to the Supreme Court it is observed by one of the judges of the Supreme Court. He may either submit it to respective Board or decline to do it if he finds decision of a lower court "lawful and well-grounded" (common legal expression in Russian courts). Supreme Court may either affirm or reverse the decision of a lower court. If it is reversed the Supreme Court either renders its own resolution or decides that the case be reheard in lower courts.

External links

• Official Website