 English Electric Canberra PR.9 photo reconnaissance aircraft Surveillance aircraft are military aircraft used for monitoring enemy activity, usually carrying no armament. This article concentrates on military aircraft used in this role, though a major civilian aviation activity is reconnaissance and ground surveillance for mapping, traffic monitoring, science, and geological survey. In addition, civilian aircraft are used in many countries for border surveillance, fishery patrols or the prevention of smuggling and illegal migration. English Electric Canberra PR9 photo reconnaissance aircraft of the Royal Air Force. ...
English Electric Canberra PR9 photo reconnaissance aircraft of the Royal Air Force. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1024x692, 349 KB) Summary Canadian CP-140 Aurora Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Surveillance aircraft P-3 Orion CP-140 Aurora Canadian Forces Air Command Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1024x692, 349 KB) Summary Canadian CP-140 Aurora Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Surveillance aircraft P-3 Orion CP-140 Aurora Canadian Forces Air Command Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital...
CP-140 Aurora The CP-140 Aurora is a long range patrol aircraft of the Canadian Air Force. ...
CF-18A Hornet CH-149 Cormorant Canadian Forces Air Command (AIRCOM) is the air force branch of the Canadian Armed Forces. ...
A Japan Airlines Boeing 747-400. ...
Cartography or mapmaking (in Greek chartis = map and graphein = write) is the study and practice of making maps or globes. ...
Such efforts long predate the invention of heavier-than-air flight, with experiments using balloons to provide targeting information for artillery beginning in France in 1794, though continued attempts throughout the 19th Century proved militarily useless. For the thrash metal band, see Artillery (band) Historically, artillery refers to any engine used for the discharge of projectiles during war. ...
History
On 16 October 1912 a Bulgarian Albatros aircraft was used to perform Europe's first reconnaissance flight in combat conditions. October 16 is the 289th day of the year (290th in Leap years). ...
1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...
One of the first aircraft used for surveillance was the Rumpler Taube during World War I, when aviators like Fred Zinn evolved entirely new methods of reconnaissance and photography. The translucent wings of the plane made it very difficult for ground based observers to detect a Taube at an altitude above 400m. The French also called this plane "the Invisible Aircraft", and it is sometimes also referred to as the "world's very first stealth plane". German Taube airplanes were able to detect the advancing Russian army during the Battle of Tannenberg (1914). The Rumpler Taube is a pre-World War I single plane aircraft, and the first mass produced military plane in Germany. ...
Combatants Entente Powers Central Powers Commanders {{{commander1}}} {{{commander2}}} Strength {{{strength1}}} {{{strength2}}} Casualties > 5 million military deaths > 3 million military deaths {{{notes}}} World War I, also known as the First World War and (before 1939) the Great War, the War of the Nations, War to End All Wars, was a world...
Friedrich Wilhelm Fred Zinn of Battle Creek, Michigan, was one of the volunteer American aviators who flew with the French Aéronautique Militaire in World War I. He is one of the early pioneers of using aerial photography for wartime reconnaissance. ...
For the 1410 battle at the same location, see Battle of Grunwald Combatants Russia Germany Commanders Alexander Samsonov Pavel Rennenkampf Paul von Hindenburg Strength 150,000 210,000 Casualties 30,000 killed or wounded; 95,000 captured 20,000 {{{notes}}} The Battle of Tannenberg of 1914 was a decisive conflict...
1914 (MCMXIV) is a common year starting on Thursday. ...
Before World War II the conventional wisdom was to use converted bomber types for airborne photo reconnaissance, since these were the only aircraft with the long range needed for the reconnaissance missions. These bombers retained their defensive armament, which was vital since they were unable to avoid interception. Combatants Allied Powers Axis Powers Commanders {{{commander1}}} {{{commander2}}} Strength {{{strength1}}} {{{strength2}}} Casualties 17 million military deaths 7 million military deaths {{{notes}}} World War II, also known as the Second World War (sometimes WW2 or WWII or World War Two), was a mid-20th century conflict that engulfed much of the...
A bomber is a military aircraft designed to attack ground targets, primarily by dropping bombs. ...
In 1939 Flying Officer Maurice Longbottom was among the first to suggest that airborne reconnaissance may be a task better suited to fast, small aircraft which would use their speed and high service ceiling to avoid detection and interception. Although this seems obvious now, with modern reconnaissance tasks performed by fast, high flying aircraft, at the time it was radical thinking. 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ...
A Flying Officers sleeve/shoulder insignia Flying Officer is a junior commissioned rank in the Royal Air Force and the air forces of many other Commonwealth countries. ...
As a result, fighters such as the British Spitfire and Mosquito were adapted for photo-reconnaissance during World War II. Such craft were stripped of weaponry, painted in sky camoflague colours to make them difficult to spot in the air, and often had engines modified for higher performance at very high altitudes (well over 40,000 feet). Early in the war the British developed a warming system to allow photographs to be taken at very high altitudes. The collection and interpretation of such photographs became a considerable enterprise. One site claims that the British, at their peak, flew over 100 reconnaissance flights a day, yielding 50,000 images per day to interpret. Similar efforts were taken by other countries. A fighter aircraft is a military aircraft designed primarily for attacking other aircraft, as opposed to a bomber, which is designed to attack ground targets, primarily by dropping bombs. ...
The still unpainted Spitfire protoype, K5054, shortly before its first flight The Supermarine Spitfire was a single-seat fighter used by the RAF and many Allied countries in World War II. Produced by Supermarine, the Spitfire was designed by R.J. Mitchell, who continued to refine it until his death...
The correct title of this article is de Havilland Mosquito. ...
Combatants Allied Powers Axis Powers Commanders {{{commander1}}} {{{commander2}}} Strength {{{strength1}}} {{{strength2}}} Casualties 17 million military deaths 7 million military deaths {{{notes}}} World War II, also known as the Second World War (sometimes WW2 or WWII or World War Two), was a mid-20th century conflict that engulfed much of the...
Immediately after World War II, long range aerial reconnaissance was once again taken up by adapted bombers, albeit with jet engines, enabling them to fly faster and higher than before. Examples of such aircraft include the English Electric Canberra, and its American development, the Martin B-57. A Pratt and Whitney turbofan engine for the F-15 Eagle is tested at Robins Air Force Base, Georgia, USA. The tunnel behind the engine muffles noise and allows exhaust to escape. ...
English Electric Canberra B.2. ...
The English Electric Canberra was a first-generation jet bomber manufactured in large numbers through the 1950s, and remaining in service until the early years of the 21st century. ...
In the 1950s, the first purpose-built jet covert surveillance aircraft, the Lockheed U-2 was constructed secretly for the United States. Designed for flights over Soviet territory, the plane remained an obscurity until one piloted by Gary Powers was shot down over the Soviet Union in 1960, leading to the U-2 Crisis. Modified versions of the U-2 remain in service in 2002, though its capabilities and operations remain secret. In the 1960s the SR-71 Blackbird, the fastest manned jet-propelled aircraft ever built, was constructed. However, as both the United States and Soviet Union possessed surveillance satellites, interest in new types of photo-reconnaissance aircraft declined. // Events and trends This map shows two essential global spheres during the Cold War in 1959. ...
The U-2 is a single-seat, single-engine, high-altitude Surveillance aircraft flown by the United States Air Force. ...
Francis Gary Powers with a model of the U-2. ...
1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...
The U-2 Crisis of 1960 occurred when an American U-2 spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union. ...
2002 (MMII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The 1960s decade refers to the years from 1960 to 1969, inclusive. ...
An SR-71 in flight The Lockheed SR-71 Type A, unofficially known as the Blackbird, is a long-range, advanced, strategic reconnaissance aircraft developed from the Lockheed YF-12A and A-12 aircraft by Lockheeds Skunk Works (also responsible for the U-2 and many other advanced aircraft). ...
Another category of surveillance aircraft that has been in vogue since World War II is the maritime patrol aircraft. These are typically large, slow machines capable of flying continuously for many hours, with a wide range of sensors and electronic equipments on board. Such aircraft include the Avro Shackleton, the Hawker-Siddeley Nimrod, the Breguet Atlantique, the Tupolev Tu-95, and from Lockheed, the Neptune and later the Orion. The latter type became famous when a Chinese interceptor collided with the wing of a US Navy example patrolling international waters. The crew of the larger US aircraft made an emergency landing but the fighter crashed killing its pilot. The Orion was impounded by the Chinese authorities and closely inspected before it was dismantled and returned to the USA. The crew were questioned but released prior to the aircraft's return. A patrol bomber, or patrol aircraft, is an airplane designed to operate for long times over water in an anti-shipping or anti-submarine role. ...
The Shackleton was a Royal Air Force long-range patrol bomber developed from the Avro Lincoln bomber with a new fuselage. ...
The BAE Systems (formerly Hawker-Siddeley) Nimrod maritime patrol aircraft is derived from the De Havilland Comet, the worlds first jet airliner. ...
The Breguet Atlantic (Breguet 1150 Atlantique) is a Long-distance Reconnaissance airplane, primarily designed for use over open Sea. ...
Tupolev Tu-95 Bear The Tupolev Tu-95 (NATO reporting name Bear) is the most successful Tupolev strategic bomber and missile carrier from the times of the Soviet Union. ...
The Lockheed SR-71, remarkably advanced for its time and unsurpassed in many areas of performance The Lockheed U-2 first flew in 1955 providing much needed intelligence on Soviet bloc countries Lockheed Corporation was an aerospace company founded in 1912 which merged with Martin Marietta in 1995 to form...
P2V-7 Neptune of Patrol Squadron SEVEN (VP-7) over the Atlantic in 1954 The Lockheed P-2 Neptune (until 1963 the P2V Neptune) was a naval patrol bomber and anti-submarine warfare (ASW) aircraft for the United States Navy between 1947 and 1978, replacing the PV-1 Ventura and...
P-3 Orion The Lockheed P-3 Orion is a patrol aircraft of the United States military used primarily for anti-submarine warfare. ...
Current use Several unmanned remotely-controlled reconnaissance aircraft (UAVs) have been recently deployed or are under development in many countries, including Israel, the United States and South Africa. Currently under development are, amongst others, the RQ-4 Global Hawk, a high-altitude jet-propelled craft that resembles the U-2, and the smaller, medium-altitude RQ-1 Predator. Schweizer Aircraft Corporation are developing remotely-piloted versions of a light helicopter. Pioneer UAV flying over Iraq UAVs in a hangar A Boeing 720 being flown under remote control as part of NASAs Controlled Impact Demonstration An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), also called a drone, is a self-descriptive term used by the US military, the Israeli Defence Forces and others...
The RQ-4 Global Hawk unmanned reconnaissance aircraft The RQ-4 Global Hawk is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) used by the US Air Force as a surveillance aircraft. ...
The RQ-1 Predator is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) which the U.S. Air Force describes as a medium-altitude, long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicle system. ...
The Schweizer Aircraft Corporation, located in Horseheads, NY, was incorporated in 1939 by three Schweizer brothers, who built their first glider in 1930. ...
Most Air Forces around the world lack dedicated surveillance planes, but have the capability of adding reconnaissance cameras to combat and transport aircraft.
Another type of surveillance aircraft is the electronic surveillance aircraft. Whilst other military aircraft, including photo-reconnaissance aircraft, have been used for that purpose, several countries adapt aircraft for electronic intelligence (ELINT) gathering. The Beech RC-12 Super King Air and Boeing RC-135 Rivet Joint are examples of this military activity, which helps to reduce opportunities for surprise attack or the risks of training exercises being misunderstood by potential enemies. ELINT stands for ELectronic INTelligence, and refers to intelligence-gathering by use of electronic sensors. ...
The Beech Aircraft Corporation, purchased by Raytheon Aircraft on February 8, 1980, and often known as Beechcraft, is a manufacturer of general aviation and military aircraft, ranging from light single engine aircraft to business jets and light military transports. ...
The C-12F Huron provides logistics support between Navy air stations. ...
The Boeing Company (NYSE: BA)(TYO: 7661 ) is the worlds leading aircraft and aerospace manufacturer, headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, with its largest production facilities in Everett, Washington, about 30 miles north of Seattle, Washington. ...
The RC-135V/W Rivet Joint is a United States Air Force reconnaissance aircraft used to support theater and national level consumers with near real-time on-scene intelligence collection, analysis and dissemination capabilities. ...
As well as the development of UAVs, another recent trend in surveillance aircraft design has been the realization that, with the addition of lightweight sensors and communications gear, every fighter plane and ground attack plane can simultaneously be used to perform surveillance. Hence, the in-development F-35 multirole fighter plane will have extensive surveillance and communications capabilities built in . Pioneer UAV flying over Iraq UAVs in a hangar A Boeing 720 being flown under remote control as part of NASAs Controlled Impact Demonstration An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), also called a drone, is a self-descriptive term used by the US military, the Israeli Defence Forces and others...
The F-35 Joint Strike Fighter The F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) is a fighter plane currently in early development by Lockheed Martin (with partners Northrop Grumman and BAE SYSTEMS.) The primary customers are the United States armed forces and the United Kingdom (RN and RAF), but the Netherlands...
See also US Air Force E-3 Sentry AWACS aircraft is prepared for flight in November 1997 Cockpit of RAF E-3 Sentry undergoing upgrades Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) is a radar-based electronic system designed to carry out airborne surveillance, and C3 (command, control and communications) functions for both...
The Treaty on Open Skies entered into force on January 1, 2002, and currently has 34 States Parties. ...
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