 Surveyor at work with a leveling instrument. Surveying is the technique and science of accurately determining the terrestrial or 3D space position of points and the distances and angles between them. These points are usually, but not exclusively, associated with positions on the surface of the Earth, and are often used to establish land maps and boundaries for ownership or governmental purposes. In order to accomplish their objective, surveyors use elements of geometry (Greek: measuring the Earth), of engineering, mathematics, physics, and law. Image File history File links Petty Officer 3rd Class Alexander Sanchezaguirre, an engineering aide with Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 5, takes a land survey of an AH1 and CH-53 helicopter staging area for future operations in the Central Command area of operations. ...
Image File history File links Petty Officer 3rd Class Alexander Sanchezaguirre, an engineering aide with Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 5, takes a land survey of an AH1 and CH-53 helicopter staging area for future operations in the Central Command area of operations. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1928x2448, 1699 KB) This article incorporates content from the 1728 Cyclopaedia, a publication in the public domain. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1928x2448, 1699 KB) This article incorporates content from the 1728 Cyclopaedia, a publication in the public domain. ...
1913 advertisement for Encyclopædia Britannica. ...
Terrestrial literally means of the earth and is used in a variety of contexts: In biology and in the general sense, terrestrial means indicates ground-dwelling (compare aquatic). ...
The word position can have one of a billion meanings. ...
Earth (often referred to as The Earth) is the third planet in the solar system in terms of distance from the Sun, and the fifth in order of size. ...
MAPS could refer to: Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies Mail Abuse Prevention System Multi-jurisdictional Automated Preclearance System This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...
Ownership is the state or fact of exclusive possession or control of property, which may be an object, land/real estate, intellectual property or some other kind of property. ...
Table of Geometry, from the 1728 Cyclopaedia. ...
Engineering is the application of scientific and technical knowledge to solve human problems. ...
Euclid, detail from The School of Athens by Raphael. ...
Physics is the science of Nature. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Surveying has been an essential element in the development of the human environment since the beginning of recorded history (ca. 5000 years ago) and it is a requirement in the planning and execution of nearly every form of construction. Its most familiar modern uses are in the fields of transport, building and construction, communications, mapping, and the definition of legal boundaries for land ownership. Trinomial name Homo sapiens sapiens Linnaeus, 1758 Humans, or human beings, are biologically classified as bipedal primates belonging to the mammalian species Homo sapiens (Latin for wise man or thinking man) under the family Hominidae (the great apes). ...
Cranes are essential in large construction projects, such as this skyscraper In project architecture and civil engineering, construction is the building or assembly of any infrastructure. ...
Building is either the act of creating an object assembled from more than one element, or the object itself; see also construction. ...
The term communications is used in a number of disciplines: Communications, also known as communication studies is the academic discipline which studies communication, generally seen as a mixture between media studies and linguistics. ...
Method
Historically, angles and distances were measured using a variety of means, such as chains with links of a known length, for instance a Gunter's Chain (see Edmund Gunter), or measuring tapes made of steel or invar. In order to measure horizontal distances, these chains or tapes would be pulled taut, to reduce sagging and slack. Additionally, attempts to hold the measuring instrument level would be made. In instances of measuring up a slope, the surveyor might have to "break" the measurement- that is, raise the rear part of the tape upward, plumb from where the last measurement ended. This article is about angles in geometry. ...
The distance between two points is the length of a straight line segment between them. ...
Edmund Gunter (1581 - December 10, 1626), English mathematician, of Welsh extraction, was born in Hertfordshire in 1581. ...
The old steel cable of a colliery winding tower Steel is a metal alloy whose major component is iron, with carbon being the primary alloying material. ...
Invar, also called FeNi36, is an alloy of iron (64%) and nickel (36%) with some carbon and chromium. ...
Historically, horizontal angles were measured using a compass, which would provide a magnetic bearing, from which deflections could be measured. This type of instrument was later improved upon, through more carefully scribed discs providing better angular resolution, as well as through mounting telescopes with reticles for more precise sighting atop the disc (see theodolite). Additionally, levels and calibrated circles allowing measurement of vertical angles were added, along with verniers for measurement down to a fraction of a degree- such as a turn-of-the-century Transit (surveying). Compass in a wooden box A compass (or mariners compass) is a navigational instrument for finding directions on the earth. ...
Diagram of an Optical Theodolite. ...
A surveying transit is a simple, rugged theodolite, often equipped with a compass. ...
The simplest method for measuring height is with an altimeter — basically a barometer — using air pressure as an indication of height. But for surveying more precision is needed. Toward this end, a variety of means, such as precise levels have been developed, which are calibrated to provide a precise plane from which differentials in height between the instrument and the point in question, typically through the use of a vertical measuring rod. Kollsman-type barometric aircraft altimeter as used in North America An altimeter is an active instrument used to measure the altitude of an object above a fixed level. ...
Schematic drawing of a simple mercury barometer with vertical mercury column and reservoir at base Table of Pneumaticks, 1728 Cyclopaedia A barometer is an instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure. ...
As late as the 1990's the basic tools used in planar surveying were a tape measure for determining shorter distances, a level for determine height or elevation differences, and a theodolite, set on a tripod, with which one can measure angles (horizontal and vertical), combined with triangulation. Starting from a benchmark, a position with known location and elevation, the distance and angles to the unknown point are measured. A more modern instrument is a total station, which is basically a theodolite with an electronic distance measurement device (EDM) and can also be used for leveling when set to the horizontal plane. Since their introduction, total stations have made the technological shift from being optical-mechanical devices to being fully electronic with an onboard computer and software. Modern top-of-the-line total stations no longer require a reflector or prism (used to return the laser used for distancing) to return distance measurements, are fully robotic, and can even e-mail point data to the office computer and connect to satellite positioning systems, such as a Global Positioning System (GPS). Though GPS systems have increased the speed of surveying, they are still only accurate to about 20 mm. As well GPS systems do not work in areas with dense tree cover. It is because of this that EDMs have not been completely phased out. Robotics allows surveyors to gather precise measurements without extra workers to look through and turn the telescope or record data. A faster way to measure (no obstacles) is with a helicopter with laser echolocation, combined with GPS to determine the height of the helicopter. To increase precision, beacons are placed on the ground (about 20 km apart). This method reaches a precision of about 5 cm. Diagram of an Optical Theodolite. ...
An Ordnance Survey benchmark A C&GS benchmark disk Typical C&GS triangulation station A benchmark is a point of reference for a measurement. ...
A total station is an optical instrument used in modern surveying. ...
Satellite navigation systems use radio time signals transmitted by satellites to enable mobile receivers on the ground to determine their exact location. ...
GPS satellite in orbit, image courtesy NASA GPS redirects here. ...
See: Animal echolocation: animals emitting sound waves and listening to the echo in order to locate objects or navigate. ...
This page discusses Beacons, fires designed to attract attention. ...
With the triangulation method, first, one needs to know the horizontal distance to the object. If this is not known or cannot be measured directly, it is determined as explained in the triangulation article. Then the height of an object can be determined by measuring the angle between the horizontal plane and the line through that point at a known distance and the top of the object. In order to determine the height of a mountain, one should do this from sea level (the plane of reference), but here the distances can be too great and the mountain may not be visible. So it is done in steps, first determining the position of one point, then moving to that point and doing a relative measurement, and so on until the mountaintop is reached. Triangulation can be used to find the distance from the shore to the ship. ...
For considerations of sea level change, in particular rise associated with possible global warming, see sea level rise. ...
Origins Surveying techniques have existed throughout much of recorded history. In Ancient Egypt, when the Nile River overflowed its banks and washed out farm boundaries, boundaries were re-established through the application of simple geometry. The nearly perfect squareness and north-south orientation of the Great Pyramid of Giza, built c. 2700 BC, affirm the ancient Egyptians' command of surveying. Ancient Egypt was a civilization located in Africa, along the upper Nile, reaching from the Nile Delta in the north to as far south as Jebel Barkal at the Fourth Cataract of the Nile at the time of its greatest extension (15th century BC). ...
There is also Nile, a death metal band from South Carolina, USA. The Nile in Egypt Length 6 695 km Elevation of the source 1 134 m Average discharge 2 830 m³/s Area watershed 3 400 000 km² Origin Africa Mouth the Mediterranean Basin countries Uganda - Sudan - Egypt The...
Bales of hay on a farm near Ames, Iowa A farm is the basic unit in agriculture. ...
Table of Geometry, from the 1728 Cyclopaedia. ...
The Great Pyramid. ...
(Redirected from 2700 BC) (28th century BC - 27th century BC - 26th century BC - other centuries) (4th millennium BC - 3rd millennium BC - 2nd millennium BC) Events 2900 - 2334 BC -- Mesopotamian wars of the Early Dynastic period 2775 - 2650 BC -- Second Dynasty wars in Egypt Germination of the Bristlecone pine tree Methuselah...
- The Egyptian land register (3000 BC).
- In Rome, the tax register of conquered lands (300 AD).
- In England, The Domesday Book by William the Conqueror (1086)
- covered all England
- contained names of the land owners, area, land quality, and specific information of the area's content and habitants.
- did not include maps showing exact locations
- Continental Europe's Cadastre was created in 1808
- founded by Napoleon I (Bonaparte), "A good cadastre will be my greatest achievement in my civil law", Napoleon I
- contained numbers of the parcels of land (or just land), land usage, names etc., and value of the land
- 100 million parcels of land, triangle survey, measurable survey, map scale: 1:2500 and 1:1250
- spread fast around Europe, but faced problems especially in Mediterranean countries, Balkan, and Eastern Europe due to cadastre upkeep costs and troubles.
A cadastre loses its value if register and maps are not constantly updated. Cadastre (a French word from the Late Latin capitastrum, a register of the poll-tax) is a register of the real property of a country, with details of the area, the owners and the value. ...
Large-scale surveys are a necessary pre-requisite to map-making. In the late 1780s, a team from the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain, originally under General William Roy began the Principal Triangulation of Britain using the specially built Ramsden theodolite. Image produced from the Ordnance Survey Get-a-map service. ...
William Roy (1726 - July 1, 1790), was a Scottish surveyor, military draughtsman and antiquary, born in Carluke, South Lanarkshire. ...
The Principal Triangulation of Britain was a triangulation project carried out between 1783 and about 1853 at the instigation of the Director of the Ordnance Survey General William Roy (1726-1790). ...
The Ramsden theodolite was used in the first Ordnance Survey of Southern Britain. ...
Types of surveys
An all-female surveying crew in Idaho in 1918 - ALTA/ACSM survey: a surveying standard jointly proposed by the American Land Title Association and the American Congress on Surveying and Mapping that incorporates elements of the boundary survey, mortgage survey, and topographic survey. ALTA/ACSM surveys, frequently shortened to ALTA surveys, are often required for real estate transactions.
- Boundary survey: the actual physical extent of property ownership, typically witnessed by monuments or markers, such as (typically iron rods, pipes or concrete monuments in the ground, but also tacks or blazes in trees, piled stone corners or other types of monuments) are measured, and a map, or plat, is drawn from the data.
- Deformation survey: a survey to determine if a structure or object is changing shape or moving. The three-dimensional positions of specific points on an object are determined, a period of time is allowed to pass, these positions are then re-measured and calculated, and a comparison between the two sets of positions is made.
- Draw lot: one lot from a plat is drawn, with any easements and setbacks that may be on it.
- Foundation survey: the position of the house is measured before it is finished being built.
- Mortgage survey: a simple survey that generally determines land boundaries and building locations. Mortgage surveys are required by title companies and lending institutions when they provide financing to show that there are no structures encroaching on the property and that the position of structures is generally within zoning and building code requirements. Some jurisdictions allow mortgage surveys to be done to a lesser standard, however most modern U.S. state minimum standards require the same standard of care for mortgage surveys as any other survey. The resulting higher price for mortgage surveys has led some lending institutions to accept "Mortgage Inspections" not signed or sealed by a surveyor.
- Physical survey: the finished house and driveway are measured, and all markers on the boundary are indicated. This is recorded when the lot is sold.
- Plot plan: a proposal for a house or other building and driveway or parking lot are added to a draw lot.
- Subdivision plat: a plot or map based on a survey of a parcel of land. Lines are drawn inside it, indicating the location of roads and lots. Plats are usually discussed back and forth between the developer and the surveyor until they are agreed upon, at which point pins are driven into the ground to mark the lot corners and curve ends, and the plat is recorded in the cadastre (USA, elsewhere) or land registry (UK). In some jurisdictions, the recording or filing of a subdivision plat is highly regulated. The final map or plat becomes, in effect, a contract between the developer and the city or county, determining what can be built on the property and under what conditions.
- Topographic survey: a survey that measures the elevation of points on a particular piece of land, and presents them as contours on a plot.
- Hydrographic survey: a survey conducted with the purpose of mapping the seabed for navigation, engineering, or resource management purposes. Products of such surveys are nautical charts. See hydrography.
- Construction surveying (otherwise "lay-out" or "setting-out"): the process of establishing and marking the position and detailed layout of new structures such as roads or buildings for subsequent construction. In this sense, surveying may be regarded as a sub-discipline of civil engineering.
- Archaeological survey: used to accurately assess the relationship of archaeological sites in a landscape or to accurately record finds on an archaeological site.
Image File history File links All female survey crew - Minidoka Project, Idaho 1918. ...
Image File history File links All female survey crew - Minidoka Project, Idaho 1918. ...
Official language(s) None Capital Largest city Boise Boise Area Ranked 14th - Total 83,642 sq. ...
1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ...
The American Land Title Association or ALTA, is a national trade association representing the interests of the abstract of title and title insurance industries. ...
The American Congress on Surveying and Mapping or ACSM, is a international professional association representing the interests of those engaged in measuring and communicating spatial data relating to the Earths surface. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number iron, Fe, 26 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 8, 4, d Appearance lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge Atomic mass 55. ...
In geometry, a Rod is a 3-dimensional, solid (filled) cylinder. ...
Pipe is a hollow cylinder of material. ...
Pouring a concrete floor for a commercial building, (slab-on-grade) Installing rebar in a floor slab during a concrete pour For other uses, see Concrete (disambiguation). ...
The coniferous Coast Redwood, the tallest tree species on earth. ...
MAP can refer to: MAP, the ISO 639 alpha-3 for Austronesian languages Maghreb Arab Press, a news agency Malawi Against Polio Manifold absolute pressure, an important sensor in automobiles maximum a posteriori, an estimator in statistics Missouri Assessment Program Mobile Application Part, a protocol used in GSM networks Monoammonium...
NB: This article is manifestly incorrect outside of US law. ...
A mortgage is a method of using property as security for the payment of a debt. ...
A typical zoning map; this one identifies the zones, or development districts, in the city of Ontario, California Zoning is a North American term for a system of land-use regulation. ...
A building code is a set of rules that specify the minimum acceptable level of safety for constructed objects such as buildings and nonbuilding structures. ...
A typical rural county road in Indiana, USA, where traffic drives on the right. ...
Cadastre (a French word from the Late Latin capitastrum, a register of the poll-tax) is a register of the real property of a country, with details of the area, the owners and the value. ...
A land registry is a system for publicly recording legal interests in land. ...
The Comet Nucleus Tour (CONTOUR) was a Discovery-class space mission. ...
Hydrographic survey is the process of gathering information about navigable waters for the purposes of safe navigation of vessels. ...
Hydrography focuses on the measurement of physical characteristics of waters and marginal land. ...
The Falkirk Wheel in Scotland. ...
Archaeological field survey is the methodological process by which archaeologists (often landscape archaeologists) collect information about the location, distribution and organisation of past human cultures across a large area (e. ...
Surveying as a career The basic principles of surveying have changed little over the ages, but the tools used by surveyors have evolved tremendously. Engineering, especially civil engineering, depends heavily on the surveyor. Whenever there are roads, dams, retaining walls, bridges or residential areas to be built, surveyors are involved. They determine the boundaries of private property and the boundaries of various lines of political divisions. They also provide advice and data for geographical information systems (GIS), computer databases that contain data on land features and boundaries. The Falkirk Wheel in Scotland. ...
Scrivener Dam, in Canberra, Australia, was engineered to withstand a once-in-5000-years flood event A dam is a barrier across flowing water that obstructs, directs or retards the flow, often creating a reservoir, lake or impoundment. ...
Structure in the foreground is called a mud box - a kind of retaining wall built to hold the flood waters in check. ...
This article is about the edifice (it is primarily an index to articles concerning specific bridge types). ...
A geographic information system or geographical information system (GIS) is a system for creating and managing spatial data and associated attributes. ...
Surveyors must have a thorough knowledge of algebra, basic calculus, geometry, and trigonometry. They must also know the laws that deal with surveys, property, and contracts. In addition, they must be able to use delicate instruments with accuracy and precision. Linear algebra lecture at Helsinki University of Technology This article is about the branch of mathematics; for other uses of the term see algebra (disambiguation). ...
Integral and differential calculus is a central branch of mathematics, developed from algebra and geometry. ...
Table of Geometry, from the 1728 Cyclopaedia. ...
Wikibooks has more about this subject: Trigonometry Table of Trigonometry, 1728 Cyclopaedia Trigonometry (from the Greek trigonon = three angles and metro = measure) is a branch of mathematics dealing with angles, triangles and trigonometric functions such as sine, cosine and tangent. ...
There are several uses of the word survey: // Kinds of surveys Statistical surveys are used in marketing and polling research. ...
// Use of the term The concept of property or ownership has no single or universally accepted definition. ...
A contract is a promise or an agreement that is enforced or recognized by the law. ...
Accuracy, in science, engineering, industry and statistics, is the degree of conformity of a measured/calculated quantity to its actual (true) value. ...
In most states of the U.S., surveying is recognized as a distinct profession apart from engineering. Licensing requirements vary by state, however these requirements generally all have a component of education, experience and examinations. In the past, experience gained through an apprenticeship, together with passing a series of state-administered examinations, was required to attain licensure. Nowadays, many states require a Bachelor of Science in Surveying, or a Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering with additional coursework in surveying, in addition to experience and examination requirements. Typically the process for registration follows two phases. First, upon graduation, the candidate may be eligible to sit for the Fundamentals of Land Surveying exam, to be certified upon passing and meeting all other requirements as a Surveyor In Training (SIT). Upon being certified as an SIT, the candidate then needs to gain additional experience until he or she becomes eligible for the second phase, which typically consists of the Principles and Practice of Land Surveying exam along with a state-specific examination. Professional Engineer is the term for registered or licensed engineers in some countries, including the United States and Canada. ...
Apprenticeship is a traditional method, still popular in some countries, of training a new generation of skilled crafts practitioners. ...
A Bachelor of Science (B.S., B.Sc. ...
Registered surveyors usually denote themselves with the letters P.S. (professional surveyor), L.S. (land surveyor), or P.L.S. (professional land surveyor), or P.S.M. (professional surveyor and mapper) following their names, depending upon the dictates of their particular state of registration.
In Canada Land Surveyors are registered to work in their respective province. The designation for a Land Surveyor breaks down by province but follows the rule whereby the first letter indicates the province followed by L.S. There is also a designation as a C.L.S. or Canada Lands Surveyor who has the authority to work on Indian Reserves and National Parks.
Typically a licensed land surveyor is required to seal all plans, the format of which is dictated by their state jurisdiction, which shows their name and registration number. In many states, land surveyors are also required to place caps bearing their registration number on property corners that they have set.
See also The Parthenon on top of the Acropolis, Athens, Greece Architecture (from Latin, architectura and ultimately from Greek, αÏχιτεκτων, a master builder, from αÏχι- chief, leader and τεκτων, builder, carpenter) is the art and science of designing buildings and structures. ...
An Ordnance Survey benchmark A C&GS benchmark disk Typical C&GS triangulation station A benchmark is a point of reference for a measurement. ...
A county surveyor is a public official in many counties of U.S. states, particularly in the Midwest and West. ...
A Gunters chain that belonged to John Johnson (1771-1841), Surveyor General of Vermont. ...
also known as a transit level. ...
It has been suggested that geodetic system be merged into this article or section. ...
A geographic information system or geographical information system (GIS) is a system for creating and managing spatial data and associated attributes. ...
The GOCE project will measure high-accuracy gravity gradients and provide an accurate geoid model based on the Earths gravity field. ...
Geomatics is the discipline of gathering, storing, processing, and delivering of geographic information. ...
Geomatics Engineering is a rapidly developing discipline that focuses on spatial information (i. ...
GPS satellite in orbit, image courtesy NASA GPS redirects here. ...
For the the plant known as the ocotillo, sometimes called the Jacobs staff, see ocotillo. ...
The Point of Beginning is a surveyors mark on the Ohio-Pennsylvania border, just east of East Liverpool, Ohio. ...
Real estate is a legal term that encompasses land along with anything permanently affixed to the land, such as buildings. ...
The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) is a professional body representing and regulating property professionals and surveyors of all types. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Spirit level. ...
Tacheometry (from Greek, quick measure), is a system of rapid surveying, by which the positions, both horizontal and vertical, of points on the earth surface relatively to one another are determined without using a chain or tape or a separate levelling instrument. ...
An example of a technical drawing with orthographic and isometric view. ...
Diagram of an Optical Theodolite. ...
Surface of the Earth Topography, a term in geography, has come to refer to the lay of the land, or the physiogeographic characteristics of land in terms of elevation, slope, and orientation. ...
Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ...
Triangulation can be used to find the distance from the shore to the ship. ...
Famous surveyors Benjamin Banneker cartoon by Charles Alston, 1943. ...
Len Beadell (b. ...
Daniel Boone Daniel Boone (November 2, 1734 – September 26, 1820) was an American pioneer, frontiersman and Indian-fighter, who blazed the trail known as the Wilderness Road and founded Boonesborough, Kentucky (also known as Boonesboro). ...
William Austin Burt (1792—August 18, 1858) was an inventor, legislator, surveyor, and millwright. ...
James Cook, portrait by Nathaniel Dance, c. ...
For the company founded by Disney, see The Walt Disney Company. ...
Andrew Ellicott on a miniature portrait from 1799. ...
Illustration of John Ericsson John Ericsson (July 31, 1803 – March 8, 1889) was a Swedish inventor and mechanical engineer, as was his brother, Nils Ericson. ...
Photograph of Everest Colonel Sir George Everest (July 4, 1790 - December 1, 1866) was a British surveyor and geographer, and Surveyor-General of India from 1830 to 1843. ...
John Forrest, 1898 Sir John Forrest, PC, GCMG (22 August 1847–2 September 1918), sometimes incorrectly referred to Lord Forrest, 1st Baron Forrest of Bunbury, was an Australian explorer, the first premier of Western Australia and a cabinet minister in Australias first federal parliament. ...
Sir Malcolm Fraser (1834–17 August 1900) CMG, KCMG was an important public servant in colonial Western Australia in the 1870s and 1880s. ...
John C. Frémont John Charles Frémont (January 21, 1813-July 13, 1890), birth name John Charles Fremon [Harvey, p. ...
(30 April 1777 – 23 February 1855) was a German mathematician and scientist of profound genius who contributed significantly to many fields(is also considered as the last complete mathematician meaning he contributed to every existing field of his time), including number theory, analysis, differential geometry, geodesy, magnetism, astronomy and optics. ...
Edmund Gunter (1581 - December 10, 1626), English mathematician, of Welsh extraction, was born in Hertfordshire in 1581. ...
Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 N.S. – July 4, 1826) was the third President of the United States (1801–1809), principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776), and one of the most influential founders of the United States. ...
Harry Frederick Johnston (1853–June 1915) was Surveyor-General of Western Australia from 1896 to 1915. ...
The Lewis and Clark expedition (1804-1806) was the first American overland expedition to the Pacific coast and back. ...
Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865), sometimes called Abe Lincoln and nicknamed the Rail Splitter, Honest Abe and the Great Emancipator, was the 16th President of the United States (1861 to 1865), and the first president from the Republican Party. ...
Liu Hui 劉徽 was a Chinese mathematician who lived in the 200s in the Wei Kingdom. ...
Colonel William Light Colonel William Light (1786 - 1839) was born in Kuala Kedah, Malaya in 1786, an illegitimate son of Captain Francis Light, the Governor of Penang, and Martina Rozells, the so-called Princess of Kedah of mixed Siamese-Portuguese descent. ...
Alexander Mackenzie (1764 - March 11, 1820) was a Scottish-Canadian explorer. ...
Charles Mason (1730–1787) was an English astronomer. ...
Jeremiah Dixon (July 27, 1733 – January 22, 1779) was an English surveyor and astronomer who is perhaps best known for his work with Charles Mason, from 1763 to 1767, in determining what was later called the Mason-Dixon line. ...
For the crater, see Metius (crater). ...
Major Sir Thomas Livingston Mitchell (June 16, 1792-1855), surveyor and explorer of south-eastern Australia, was born at Grangemouth in Stirlingshire, Scotland. ...
Copy of a Map Presented to Congress of the United States and to the Lt. ...
John Septimus Roe (May 8, 1797–28 May 1878) was the first Surveyor-General of Western Australia. ...
William Roy (1726 - July 1, 1790), was a Scottish surveyor, military draughtsman and antiquary, born in Carluke, South Lanarkshire. ...
Prime Minister of the Netherlands Willem Schermerhorn (December 17, 1894 - March 11, 1977) was Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 1945 until 1946. ...
Willebrord Snel Willebrord Snel (1580–October 30, 1626), also known as Snel van Royen or Snellius, was a Dutch astronomer and mathematician, most famous for the law of refraction now known as Snells law. ...
Stanley Trent was President of SMI from 1983 to 1999; pioneered field data collection technogoly used in the surveying industry. ...
Henry David Thoreau Henry David Thoreau (July 12, 1817 – May 6, 1862; born David Henry Thoreau) was an American author, development critic, naturalist, transcendentalist, pacifist, tax resister and philosopher who is famous for Walden, on simple living amongst nature, and On the Duty of Civil Disobedience, on resistance to civil...
Captain Charles James Tyers RN FRSV (13 September 1806–20 September 1870) was a 19th Century surveyor and explorer, and the Commissioner for Crown Lands for Portland (1841) and Gippsland (1844). ...
George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799) was the Commander in Chief of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War from 1775 to 1783, and later the first President of the United States, an office to which he was twice elected unanimously (unanimous among the Electoral College) and...
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