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The Sutherland Shire, is a Local Government Area in the Southern Sydney region of Sydney, Australia. Geographically, it is the area to the south of Botany Bay and the Georges River. The administrative centre of the local government is located in the suburb of Sutherland, with council chambers located in Eton Street. The Sutherland Shire is also known simply as "The Shire". Capital Sydney Government Constitutional monarchy Governor Professor Marie Bashir Premier Morris Iemma (ALP) Federal representation - House seats 50 - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2004-05) - Product ($m) $305,437 (1st) - Product per capita $45,153/person (4th) Population (End of March 2006) - Population 6,817,100 (1st) - Density 8. ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
The Sydney Opera House on Sydney Harbour Sydney (pronounced ) is the most populous city in Australia, with a metropolitan area population of over 4,200,000 people, and 151,920 in the City of Sydney. ...
Population density by country, 2006 Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. ...
Area is a physical quantity expressing the size of a part of a surface. ...
A mayor (from the Latin mÄior, meaning larger, greater) is the modern title of the highest ranking municipal officer. ...
The suburb of Sutherland is the seat of Sutherland Shire, Australia. ...
This is a list of regions in Australia that are not Australian states or territories. ...
The Sydney Opera House on Sydney Harbour Sydney (pronounced ) is the most populous city in Australia, with a metropolitan area population of over 4,200,000 people, and 151,920 in the City of Sydney. ...
State Electoral District is a term used to refer to a voting area within Australian states. ...
Cronulla is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. ...
Heathcote is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. ...
Menai is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. ...
Miranda is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. ...
The Australian House of Representatives is elected from 150 single-member districts called Divisions. ...
The Division of Cook is an Australian Electoral Division in New South Wales. ...
The Division of Hughes is an Australian Electoral Division in New South Wales. ...
Local Government Area (abbreviated LGA) is a term used in Australia (and especially by the Australian Bureau of Statistics) to refer to areas controlled by each individual Local Government. ...
The City of Hurstville is a Local Government Area within Sydney, Australia. ...
The former Kogarah Post Office in 1915. ...
The City of Rockdale is a Local Government Area in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. ...
The City of Liverpool is a Local Government Area in southwest of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. ...
Bate Bay is a bay in southern Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. ...
The City of Campbelltown is a Local Government Area in south-western Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia, located about 55 km south west of the Sydney central business district. ...
Wollongong City Council is a Local Government Area on the Illawarra region of New South Wales, Australia. ...
Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...
Southern Sydney is an informal, term to describe the local government areas and suburbs which form the southern part of the metropolitan area of Sydney, Australia. ...
The Sydney Opera House on Sydney Harbour Sydney (pronounced ) is the most populous city in Australia, with a metropolitan area population of over 4,200,000 people, and 151,920 in the City of Sydney. ...
For other Botany Bays see Botany Bay (disambiguation) Bicentennial Monument at Botany Bay Botany Bay is a bay in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, a few kilometers south of the central business district. ...
The Georges River is a waterway in the state of New South Wales in Australia. ...
The suburb of Sutherland is the seat of Sutherland Shire, Australia. ...
The Sutherland Shire is predominantly a residential area but also has substantial industrial, commercial and rural areas. The major commercial areas of the shire are located in the suburbs of Sutherland, Miranda (home to a large Westfield shopping centre, traditionally known as Miranda Fair), Cronulla, Menai (home to the only nuclear reactor in Australia, located in Lucas Heights) and Engadine. A shire is an administrative area of Great Britain and Australia. ...
Miranda is a suburb of Sydney, Australia, and is adjacent to Gymea and Caringbah. ...
The Westfield Group is a multinational company that owns shopping centres in Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. ...
Looking towards Cronulla Beach, with the Cronulla surf life savers club building at the top left Cronulla is a beachside suburb, in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. ...
Menai is a suburb of Sydney, Australia, in the local municipality of Sutherland Shire. ...
Core of CROCUS, a small nuclear reactor used for research at the EPFL in Switzerland. ...
Engadine is a suburb in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. ...
The Sutherland Shire also includes the village of Kurnell, close to the first landing site of James Cook, Sydney's oil refinery and Towra Point Nature Reserve, a wetland of international importance. The Sutherland Shire is also where Australia's first and only nuclear facility is based, at Lucas Heights. The reactor, run by the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) does not produce electricity but is used for the production of radiopharmaceuticals, research and irradiation. Kurnell is a suburb in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. ...
James Cook, portrait by Nathaniel Dance, c. ...
View of Shell Oil Refinery in Martinez, California. ...
Towra Point Nature Reserve is a nature reserve of 386 ha located within the Sutherland Shire, NSW, Australia. ...
A subtropical wetland in Florida, USA, with an endangered American Crocodile. ...
Lucas Heights is a suburb in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. ...
The Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) is a statutory body of the of the Australian government, formed in 1987 to replace the Australian Atomic Energy Commission. ...
Radiopharmacology is the study and preparation of radiopharmaceuticals, which are radioactive pharmaceuticals. ...
Research is a human activity based on intellectual investigation and aimed at discovering, interpreting, and revising human knowledge on different aspects of the world. ...
Irradiation is the process by which an item is exposed to radiation. ...
There are three national parks partially within the Sutherland Shire: Botany Bay National Park, Heathcote National Park and the Royal National Park. The isolated suburbs of Bundeena and Maianbar are situated between the northern edge of the Royal National park and the Port Hacking. They are only accessible by car (through the park) or by the ferry from Cronulla (see above). Brecon Beacons National Park, Wales, UK A national park is a reserve of land, usually declared and owned by a national government, protected from most human development and pollution. ...
Botany Bay is a national park in New South Wales (Australia), 16 km south of Sydney. ...
Heathcote is a national park in New South Wales (Australia), 34 km southwest of Sydney. ...
Winter at Wattamolla beach. ...
Bundeena, view from Cronulla Bundeena is a village on the outskirts of southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. ...
Maianbar is a village on the outskirts of Sydney, Australia, within the Sutherland Shire. ...
Port Hacking is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. ...
The ferryboat Dongan Hills, filled with commuters, about to dock at a New York City pier, ca. ...
History
Aboriginal heritage The original inhabitants of the Sutherland area were some clans of the Tharawal people. Archaeological work in the Sutherland Shire has revealed evidence for Aboriginal settlement dating back at least 8,500 years. Geologists tell us that the original coastline around Sydney has retreated about 20kms and that those flooded coastal plains may hold evidence showing occupation of this area going back well beyond the 8,500 years revealed in the 1966 Archaeological exploration. The Tharawal (or Dharawal) people were the Aboriginal inhabitants of southern Sydney and the Illawarra region in 1788, when the first European colonists arrived. ...
Indigenous Australians are descendants of the first human inhabitants of the Australian continent and its nearby islands. ...
Within the Royal National Park, field surveys have revealed many hundreds of Aboriginal rock shelters. In other locations (The Military Area near Holsworthy and Darkes Forrest) there are thousands of sites, camping areas and sacred places. These areas mentioned have not been affected greatly by European occupation and building and may give a clearer example for the quality of life and abunce of resources in Sutherland/Liverpool areas. Winter at Wattamolla beach. ...
Holsworthy is a suburb in the south of Sydney, Australia, and is adjacent to Engadine and Heathcote. ...
There are also many hundreds of open camping grounds. There are hundreds of sites containing rock engravings, hand stencils and paintings. There are also perhaps thousands of axe-grinding grooves.
Whilst there is no Archaeological evidence, annecdotal evidence is that people from the Illawarra would travel into the district at times of great abundance of food. Lookout from the Illawarra Escarpment above Wombarra over the northern Illawarra plain viewing Austinmer, Thirroul, Bulli, Wollongong up to Port Kembla in the far. ...
The whole of the Port Hacking area was rich in resources and there is evidence throughout the area of camping sites and ceremonial sites. The bays and inlets of Port Hacking show abundant evidence of Aboriginal occupation
Since 1966 when there was an Archaeological dig in Cabbage Tree Basin archaeologists have uncovered parts of an extensive open-air midden or cooking and camp sites. Successive layers of habitation show the diet of the native Aborigines - oysters, mussels, snapper, bream, and Sydney cockle. There is also evidence of seal, dolphin, a range of marsupials, dingo and even whale. Several edge-ground axes have also found. A midden, also known as kitchen middens, is a dump for domestic waste. ...
Crassostrea gigas, Marennes-Oléron Crassostrea gigas, Marennes-Oléron Crassostrea gigas, Marennes-Oléron, opened The name oyster is used for a number of different groups of mollusks which grow for the most part in marine or brackish water. ...
Subclasses Pteriomorpha (marine mussels) Palaeoheterodonta (freshwater mussels) Heterodonta (zebra mussels) The term mussel is used for several families of bivalve molluscs inhabiting lakes, rivers, and creeks, as well as intertidal areas along coastlines worldwide. ...
Genera Aphareus Aprion Apsilus Etelis Hemilutjanus Hoplopagrus Lipocheilus Lutjanus Macolor Ocyurus Paracaesio Pinjalo Pristipomoides Randallichthys Rhomboplites Symphorus Snapper can also refer to the Snapping turtle. ...
Bream caught in the Volga River near Kashin, Russia. ...
Sydney cockle (NSW), ark cockle (Queensland) or Anadara trapezia is an estuarine filter-feeding bivalve. ...
Families Odobenidae Otariidae Phocidae Pinnipeds (fin-feet, lit. ...
Genera See article below. ...
Orders Didelphimorphia Paucituberculata Microbiotheria Dasyuromorphia Peramelemorphia Notoryctemorphia Diprotodontia Sparassodonta (extinct) Marsupials are mammals in which the female typically has a pouch (called the marsupium, from which the name Marsupial derives) in which it rears its young through early infancy. ...
Dingo range Breed standards (external link) ANKC The dingo (plural dingoes or dingos) or warrigal, Canis lupus dingo, is a type of wild dog, probably descended from the Indian Wolf (Canis lupus pallipes). ...
A Fin Whale The term whale is ambiguous: it can refer to all cetaceans, to just the larger ones, or only to members of particular families within the order Cetacea. ...
Axe For other uses, see Axe (disambiguation). ...
There are many existing sites where paintings and engravings of great age show changes in art style over thousands of years. Some of these changes can be linked to the extinction of some animals in the area and also with the coming of Europeans to Sutherland. A European is primarily a person who was born into one of the countries within the continent of Europe. ...
Some have interpreted these changes in style to changes in culture and people which would indicate that there have been a number of changes of communities over time.
Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2560 × 1920 pixel, file size: 1. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2560 × 1920 pixel, file size: 1. ...
James Cook, portrait by Nathaniel Dance, c. ...
Kurnell is a suburb in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. ...
European settlement European discovery of what is now Sutherland Shire was made by Lieutenant James Cook, who entered Botany Bay on 29 April 1770. Cook and his party explored around Kurnell Peninsula, and left the bay on May 6. During their brief stay, a Scottish seaman named Forbes Sutherland died of tuberculosis. In his honour, Cook named the northwest point of the peninsula Point Sutherland. World map showing the location of Europe. ...
Lieutenant is a military, naval, paramilitary, fire service or police officer rank. ...
James Cook, portrait by Nathaniel Dance, c. ...
For other Botany Bays see Botany Bay (disambiguation) Bicentennial Monument at Botany Bay Botany Bay is a bay in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, a few kilometers south of the central business district. ...
April 29 is the 119th day of the year (120th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Battle of Chesma, by Ivan Aivazovsky. ...
Kurnell is a suburb in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. ...
This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...
is the 126th day of the year (127th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
“Scot†redirects here. ...
Tuberculosis (abbreviated as TB for Tubercle Bacillus) is a common and deadly infectious disease that is caused by mycobacteria, primarily Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ...
Following defeat in the American Revolutionary War, the British government chose Botany Bay as the site of a new outlet for unwanted convicts. The First Fleet under Governor Arthur Phillip anchored off Kurnell 18 January 1788. After sending a party to clear land for settlement, Phillip soon realised the area was unsuitable. There was lack of shelter for ships, inadequate water and poor soil. On 24 January, two French ships were sighted off the coast, causing Phillip to raise English colours near Sutherland Point. Governor Phillip sailed north to explore Port Jackson, and eventually settled south of Sydney Cove. Combatants United States France Spanish Empire Dutch Republic Oneida Tuscarora Polish volunteers Quebec volunteers Prussian volunteers Kingdom of Great Britain Iroquois Confederacy Hessian mercenaries Loyalists Commanders George Washington Nathanael Greene Gilbert de La Fayette Comte de Rochambeau Bernardo de Gálvez Tadeusz Kościuszko Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben King George...
The First Fleet is the name given to the 11 ships which sailed from Great Britain on May 13, 1787 to establish the first European colony in New South Wales. ...
her{{Infobox Military Person |name= Arthur Phillip |lived= [[21 October] – 91 August 1819 |placeofbirth= London, England |placeofdeath= sydney, australia |image= |caption=Admiral Arthur Phillip (1786 portrait by Francis Wheatley, National Portrait Gallery, London) |nickname= |allegiance= Kingdom of Great Britain |serviceyears= |rank= Admiral |branch= Royal Navy |commands= |unit= |battles= Seven Years...
is the 18th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1788 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...
January 24 is the 24th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Sydney Opera House and Sydney Harbour Bridge located on Port Jackson Port Jackson, containing Sydney Harbour, is the natural harbour of Sydney, Australia. ...
Sydney Cove is a small bay on the southern shore of Port Jackson (commonly but incorrectly called Sydney Harbour), on the coast of the state of New South Wales, Australia. ...
The first landowner in Sutherland Shire was James Birnie, a mercantile trader who was granted by promise 700 acres (2.8 km²) at Kurnell in 1815. After the completion of official surveying, a large part of what is now Sutherland Shire was proclaimed as the Hundred of Woronora by Governor Richard Bourke in 1835. Title to land was not granted by the Crown until 1856, before which there was practically no settlement. Timber cutting was the primary industry, supplemented by shell gathering in the Port Hacking area. Landowner or Landholder is a holder of the estate in land with considerable rights of ownership or, simply put, an owner of land. ...
April 5-12: Mount Tambora explodes, changing climate. ...
Lieutenant-General Sir Richard Bourke, KCB General Sir Richard Bourke KCB (Dublin, 4 May 1777 – 13 August 1855, Limerick) was Governor of the Colony of New South Wales, Australia between 1831 and 1837. ...
Title is a legal term for an owners interest in a piece of property. ...
Throughout the Commonwealth Realms The Crown is an abstract concept which represents the legal authority for the existence of any government. ...
Timber in storage for later processing at a sawmill Lumber or Timber is a term used to describe wood, either standing or that has been processed for use—from the time trees are felled, to its end product as a material suitable for industrial use—as structural material for construction...
Port Hacking is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. ...
With the opening of Crown Lands sales in the Shire, Thomas Holt purchased 12,000 acres (49 km²). His developmental projects included oyster farms, cattle grazing, and coal mining. The investment which proved profitable however, were his timber leases. He constructed a magnificent manor on the foreshores of Sylvania, called Sutherland House, based on English feudal lines. Categories: People stubs | 1831 births | 1896 deaths | Governors of North Carolina ...
Crassostrea gigas, Marennes-Oléron Crassostrea gigas, Marennes-Oléron Crassostrea gigas, Marennes-Oléron, opened The name oyster is used for a number of different groups of mollusks which grow for the most part in marine or brackish water. ...
Grazing To feed on growing herbage, attached algae, or phytoplankton. ...
Coal Coal (IPA: ) is a fossil fuel formed in swamp ecosystems where plant remains were saved by water and mud from oxidization and biodegradation. ...
Sylvania is a suburb in the south of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. ...
Development of transport The main mode of transport was once by water. Farmers' ships sailed up the coast and into Botany Bay, Georges and Woronora rivers, avoiding the wharfage and custom dues at Port Jackson. The first public road, the Illawarra Road (now called the Old Illawarra Road) to the "Five Islands" (now Wollongong), was constructed between 1842 and 1845 with convict labour. A new southern line of road was completed in 1864, linking up with the Illawarra Road at Engadine. Today this virtually is the line of the Princes Highway, the main north-south thoroughfare through Sutherland Shire. The Georges River is a waterway in the state of New South Wales in Australia. ...
The Woronora River (also known as The Wonnie) flows North from Helensburg into the Georges River at Como. ...
Metung Wharf on Bancroft Bay, Gippsland Lakes, Victoria, Australia A wharf is a fixed platform, commonly on pilings, roughly parallel to and alongside navigable water, where ships are loaded and unloaded. ...
Customs is an authority or agency in a country responsible for collecting customs duties and for controlling the flow of animals and goods (including personal effects and hazardous items) in and out of a country. ...
Wollongong is the 3rd largest city in the state of New South Wales, Australia, after Sydney and Newcastle. ...
Engadine is a suburb in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. ...
The Princes Highway is a segment of Australias Highway 1 that extends from Sydney to Adelaide, via Melbourne. ...
A railway line was extended from Hurstville in 1884 to develop the rich Illawarra district. The railway brought into being firstly a huge shanty town on the heights of Como, and later developed the area into a holiday centre. Sutherland Railway Station was opened in 1885, named after John Sutherland, a Minister of Works during the 1870s who had argued most forcefully for the railway. Memorial Square, Forest Road, Hurstville Memorial Square mosaic, Forest Road, Hurstville Miles Franklin statue and mural in MacMahon Street Hurstville is a suburb in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. ...
Como is a suburb in Sydney, Australia. ...
Sutherland is a railway station on the Illawarra Line of the CityRail network, servicing the suburb of Sutherland. ...
// The invention of the telephone (1876) by Alexander Graham Bell. ...
At this time, the greater part of the Shire was connected only by access tracks. A road soon opened between the railway station and Cronulla Beach, catering mostly to families and fishing parties. This was followed by the Sutherland-Cronulla steam tram service, which was inaugurated in 1911. Not only did the service greatly increase the popularity of the Cronulla beaches, but it was of great advantage to the slowly developing business interests in the Shire. Looking towards Cronulla Beach, with the Cronulla surf life savers club building at the top left. ...
This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...
Looking towards Cronulla Beach, with the Cronulla surf life savers club building at the top left Cronulla is a beachside suburb, in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. ...
Increasing motor traffic caused a falling-off of passengers and the passenger service close in 1931. The goods service ceased the following year. The increased traffic with the north led to the opening of the first bridge into the Sutherland Shire, at Tom Ugly's, in 1929. The six-lane Captain Cook Bridge over the Georges River, spanning Rocky Point and Taren Point, was opened in 1965, replacing the completely inadequate ferry service. Year 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Tom Uglys Bridge is one of three major road crossings of the Georges River. ...
The Captain Cook Bridge is a crossing of the Georges River. ...
Taren Point is a suburb, in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. ...
Local government
 The flag of Sutherland Shire, adopted in 1929, and displayed at civic events. Coastal and river frontage areas, such as Como, Cronulla, Illawarra and Yowie Bay, became popular as country retreats. A form of voluntary local government was attempted in 1888, but law and order was still administered by the court at Liverpool until 1905. In that year, the Local Government (Shires) Act provided that the whole of New South Wales be divided into shires. The State Governor, Harry Rawson selected the name, and proclaimed this district "Sutherland, No. 133" on 6 March 1906 and fixed the boundaries. At the time the Shire had 1600 residents, and it was divided into three Ridings. Image File history File links Sutherland Shire flag, drawn by Yu Ninjie. ...
Image File history File links Sutherland Shire flag, drawn by Yu Ninjie. ...
Yowie Bay is a suburb of Sydney, Australia. ...
In politics, law and order refers to a political platform which supports a strict criminal justice system, especially in relation to violent crime and property crimes, through harsher criminal penalties. ...
A trial at the Old Bailey in London as drawn by Thomas Rowlandson and Augustus Pugin for Ackermanns Microcosm of London (1808-11). ...
Liverpool is a suburb in the City of Liverpool in south western Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. ...
1905 (MCMV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ...
Capital Sydney Government Constitutional monarchy Governor Professor Marie Bashir Premier Morris Iemma (ALP) Federal representation - House seats 50 - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2004-05) - Product ($m) $305,437 (1st) - Product per capita $45,153/person (4th) Population (End of March 2006) - Population 6,817,100 (1st) - Density 8. ...
A shire is an administrative area of Great Britain and Australia. ...
Admiral Sir Harry Holdsworth Rawson, KCB (1843-1910), is chiefly remembered now for having overseen the British Punitive Expedition of 1897 that burned and looted the city of Benin, now in Nigeria. ...
March 6 is the 65th day of the year (66th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...
In the British Isles since Anglo-Saxon times, a riding is traditionally a sub-division (especially in three) of a county, in Australia analogous. ...
With only a small rates base, one of the early problems of the Council was the provision of new roads. The construction of the Sutherland-Cronulla tramway by the Railway Commissioner went far in stimulating business activity and driving land sales. The population of the Shire increased from 2,896 in 1911, when the tramway opened, to over 7,500 in 1913. By 1931 the population had exceeded 12,000. It was not until the early 1950s that this district of scattered dwellings, vacant blocks and quiet villages became a suburban area of Sydney. Until this time Sutherland Shire was not considered part of Sydney. Year 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...
Year 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ...
Year 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
This does not cite any references or sources. ...
Associated with this growth of population was industrial and commercial development. The Captain Cook Drive from Caringbah to Kurnell was constructed in 1953 in conjunction with the establishment in 1956 of the Australian Oil Refinery at Kurnell. At Lucas Heights, the Australian Atomic Energy Commission (now the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation) built its research station complex in 1958. Caringbah is a suburb of Sydney, Australia, around 27 km south of the CBD. It is adjacent to Miranda and Woolooware. ...
The Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) is a statutory body of the of the Australian government, formed in 1987 to replace the Australian Atomic Energy Commission. ...
In terms of residential development, one of the most imaginative home-building concepts has been Sylvania Waters. Here, individually designed family homes have been built around a series of man-made canals. The urban release of land in the Menai District, to the west of the Woronora River, commenced in the 1970s. Sylvania Waters is a suburb in the south of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. ...
The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979. ...
Riots in 2005 - See main article 2005 Cronulla riots
In December 2005, The Sydney Morning Herald and other local press began carrying reports about violent incidents occurring on Shire beaches, particularly Cronulla Beach. Some claimed that the violence was being provoked by gangs of young Lebanese Australians from outside areas and that it had been occurring for over two years. In response, a text message was circulated in Sutherland Shire, urging "Aussies" to take revenge against those perceived to be responsible [1]. Police observing crowds prior to confrontations The 2005 Cronulla riots were a series of ethnically motivated mob confrontations which originated in and around Cronulla, a beachfront suburb of Sydney, Australia. ...
December 2005 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December- → 31 December 2005 (Saturday) 25-year-old Scottish human rights worker Kate Burton and her parents are freed unharmed in the Gaza Strip by the Palestinian gunmen who kidnapped them two days earlier. ...
Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Looking towards Cronulla Beach, with the Cronulla surf life savers club building at the top left. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Lebanese Australians are the ninth largest ethnic group in Australia, numbering 162,239 or 0. ...
In the days that followed, somewhat unprecedented riots and ethnic conflicts broke out in Cronulla and other areas. Responding to claims that the violence was little more than a response to anti-social behaviour by Lebanese Australians, commentators such as Sharon Verghis have described how they have personally been subject to racist abuse on Cronulla beach and have drawn attention to what they describe as an "underlying intolerance" of other cultures in the Shire [2]. Other commentators such as Paul Sheehan have pointed to a violent anti-Anglo racist culture emanating from Australian Lebanese youth in Cronulla provoking an equally violent response. [3]
It has been suggested that this article be split into multiple articles accessible from a disambiguation page. ...
An ethnic war is a war between ethnic groups often as a result of ethnic nationalism. ...
Antisocial personality disorder (abbreviated APD or ASPD) is a psychiatric diagnosis in the DSM-IV-TR recognizable by the disordered individuals disregard for social rules and norms, impulsive behavior, and indifference to the rights and feelings of others. ...
Because racism carries connotations of race-based bigotry, prejudice, violence, oppression, stereotyping or discrimination, the term has varying and often hotly contested definitions. ...
Intolerance is the lack of ability or willingness to tolerate something. ...
The term Anglo can be used as a prefix to indicate a relation to England, as in the phrases Anglo-American or Anglo-America. It is also used, somewhat loosely, to refer to a person or people of English ethnicity in North America. ...
Both events are believed to have involved youths, from within the Shire and from outside the Shire, who have been involved in previous racially based tension. The violent attacks, however, are not supported by most Sutherland Shire citizens, and such violence has proved to be a shock to many residents.
Geography Under the 1853 proclamation, the western boundary of district was the Woronora River. With the formation of the Sutherland Shire in 1906, the western boundary was extended to take in more agricultural land in an area which is now modern day Menai. In 1919, the Illawong area was also transferred to Sutherland Shire. The Shire now has an area of 370 km², of which 173 km² is state-designated national parkland. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2560 × 1920 pixel, file size: 1. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2560 × 1920 pixel, file size: 1. ...
Port Hacking is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. ...
Menai is a suburb of Sydney, Australia, in the local municipality of Sutherland Shire. ...
Illawong is a suburb in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. ...
The northern border of the Shire can be crossed via four bridges: three road bridges (Alfords Point, Sylvania Waters and Taren Point) and one railway bridge (Como). To the west, the road leading out of the Shire passes by the Holsworthy military reserve. To the south, the Princes Highway runs out of Waterfall towards the city of Wollongong. Drivers entering the Shire are greeted with signs saying "Welcome to the Sutherland Shire. Birthplace of Modern Australia". The eastern border is bounded by the Tasman Sea. Alfords Point Bridge is one of three major road crossings of the Georges River. ...
Holsworthy Barracks is located in the outer south-western suburbs of Sydney. ...
F6 Southern Freeway, view south from Waterfall onramp Waterfall is a small suburb in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. ...
fuck you Map of the Tasman Sea Satellite photo of the Tasman Sea The Tasman Sea is the large body of water between Australia and New Zealand, some 2000 kilometres (1250 miles) across. ...
On the east the Shire has a varying landscape of rugged sea cliffs and sandy beaches, and swampy bay coasts backed by sand dunes. To the west the surface consists of a broad plateau rising gently to the southwest, and cut into by several deep river gorges.
Geology The geology of the Sutherland Shire, whilst sharing characteristics with the North Shore, is very different from the western and central suburbs of Sydney. The oldest rock unit in the Shire is the Illawarra Coal Measures, exposed from drilling at Helensburgh where it is 305 metres below sea level. Above the coal-bearing rocks is found the Narrabeen Group, mostly made up of layers of sandstone and characteristic red claystone beds. Overlying the Narrabeen Group is the Hawkesbury Sandstone, the rock unit most characteristic of the Shire. Occasional patches of Ashfield shale overlay the Hawkesbury sandstone. Some time later than the Triassic period - possibly early Tertiary - minor volcanic activity occurred in the region. This took the form of intrusion of a number of dykes of basaltic rock which forced their way up through the sedimentary rocks. Due to the wetting and drying action of the weather the basaltic rock of the dykes has changed to clay. This article includes a list of works cited but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ...
The North Shore or Northern Suburbs refers to those suburbs of Sydney, Australia which are located on the north shore of Sydney Harbour, and between Middle Harbour and the Lane Cove River. ...
Helensburgh is a small leafy town (5,000+ population) in New South Wales, Australia. ...
For considerations of sea level change, in particular rise associated with possible global warming, see sea level rise. ...
Coal Coal (IPA: ) is a fossil fuel formed in swamp ecosystems where plant remains were saved by water and mud from oxidization and biodegradation. ...
Red sandstone interior of Lower Antelope Canyon, Arizona, worn smooth due to erosion by flash flooding over millions of years Sandstone is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-size mineral or rock grains. ...
Claystone (IPA: ) is a geological term used to describe a sedimentary rock that is composed primarily of clay-sized particles (less than 1/256 millimetre in diameter). ...
The Triassic is a geologic period that extends from about 251 ± 0. ...
Devils Tower, an igneous intrusion exposed when the surrounding softer rock eroded away. ...
A dike in geology refers to a tabular intrusive igneous body. ...
Basalt Basalt (IPA: ) is a common gray to black extrusive volcanic rock. ...
From the end of the Triassic period to the middle of the Tertiary period, soft material was worn down or removed by wind and running water. In the final stages of this period of erosion the climate was apparently rather wetter and more humid than today's, causing the exposed rocks to change and form laterite soil, which is abundant in the Shire. Tertiary geological time interval covers roughly the time span between the demise of the non-avian dinosaurs and beginning of the most recent Ice Age, approximately 65 million to 1. ...
Severe soil erosion in a wheat field near Washington State University, USA. For erosion as an operation of Mathematical morphology, see Erosion (morphology) Erosion is displacement of solids (soil, mud, rock and other particles) by the agents of ocean currents, wind, water, or ice by downward or down-slope movement...
Cutting of laterite brickstones, Angadipuram, India Laterite is a surface formation in tropical areas which is enriched in iron and aluminium and develops by intensive and long lasting weathering of the underlying parent rock. ...
River system A little later in the Tertiary, tilting occurred south of the Georges River. The slow uplift, taking perhaps several million years, formed the present Woronora Plateau, a surface which rises gently in the south. This process caused the river system in the Shire to flow in steeper watercourses. They then became more active, carving the steep gorges of Woronora, Hacking, Georges Rivers and their tributaries which can be seen today. Waterfalls such as those at Waterfall and Undola also formed during this period. Water supplies within the shire are of two kinds. The main source is the surface supply provided by the Woronora Dam, which is built in the deep gorge of Woronora River. A second source exists in the form of underground water. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2560 × 1920 pixel, file size: 1. ...
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Gymea Bay is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. ...
The Georges River is a waterway in the state of New South Wales in Australia. ...
A tectonic uplift is a geological process most often caused by plate tectonics which increases elevation. ...
Grand Canyon, Arizona Noravank Monastery complex and canyon in Armenia. ...
The Woronora River (also known as The Wonnie) flows North from Helensburg into the Georges River at Como. ...
Port Hacking is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. ...
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This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
Woronora Dam is a dam on the Woronora River in New South Wales. ...
Groundwater is water located beneath the ground surface in soil pore spaces and in the fractures of geologic formations. ...
During the last ice age, the rivers had to do additional work cutting down through the rocks to reach the lower and more distant ocean, leading to the "valley-in-valley" shape of many of the deep gorges in the Shire. When sea levels rose again, the silt and sand carried by the rivers gradually built up a considerable thickness of sediment. Sediment filled the area between Kurnell (then an island) and Miranda. Sand dunes began to accumulate in the Kurnell area and the mud and sand flats of Quibray and Gunnamatta Bays began to form. The Kurnell sand dunes have provided a cheap source of sand for the southern suburbs of Sydney but in the process of exploitation this area has been robbed of its character and the removal of vegetation has opened the way to erosion. Variations in CO2, temperature and dust from the Vostok ice core over the last 400 000 years For the animated movie, see Ice Age (movie). ...
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A diagram showing the formation of a dune with a slipface. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Royal National Park The Premier John Robertson dedicated 18,000 acres (73 km²) to "The National Park" (now the Royal National Park) in 1879, making it the second oldest park of its kind in the world after Yellowstone National Park in America. In 1880 the Park was increased to 33,000 acres (134 km²). Today it is just under 44,000 acres (178 km²). The National Park was given the prefix "Royal" after the visit there of Queen Elizabeth II in 1954. Sir John Robertson (Born Bow, October 15, 1816; Died Watsons Bay, May 8, 1891. ...
Winter at Wattamolla beach. ...
Yellowstone National Park is the centerpiece of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, the largest intact ecosystem in the Earths northern temperate zone. ...
Motto: (Out Of Many, One) (traditional) In God We Trust (1956 to date) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington D.C. Largest city New York City None at federal level (English de facto) Government Federal constitutional republic - President George Walker Bush (R) - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence from...
Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor; born 21 April 1926) is Queen of sixteen sovereign states, holding each crown and title equally. ...
Before the establishment of the Park, negotiations had been proceeding for a large and isolated area of land for infantry, cavalry and gunnery training. The Trustees agreed that the western approaches be allocated for military use. At the same time, the government built a military branch line into the encampment and review area within The National Park. With the Federation of Australia in 1901 and the formation of the Commonwealth Military Forces, local training diminished, although the park was used by the New South Wales Field Artillery until just after the outbreak of World War I in 1914. The federation of Australia was the process by which the six separate British colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia formed a federation. ...
“The Great War †redirects here. ...
Plant and animal life
Social conditions and demographics Population growth in the shire has been limited by approval of residential development. The population increased from 193,000 in 1996 to over 202,000 in 2001. Recent growth has occurred largely in the Barden Ridge and Menai areas (where the new releases of land for urban development have been) and around the main railway stations. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, the population of the Shire has been largely static over the past two years, falling slightly by 0.04% in 2003 and 0.07% in 2004. The age structure of the shire is described as being an "urban mix", with a broad range of different age groups. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2560 × 1920 pixel, file size: 1. ...
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Looking towards Cronulla Beach, with the Cronulla surf life savers club building at the top left. ...
Barden Ridge is a suburb in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. ...
Australian Bureau of Statistics logo The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) is the Australian government agency that collects and publishes statistical information about Australia. ...
Employment 38.6% of employed residents work within the Shire, whilst 61.4% work outside the Shire, especially in the Sydney Central business district (CBD) (16.8%). Of those employed within the Shire, 74.1% were residents. The largest occupations included clerical, sales and service workers, professionals and tradespersons. This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...
The unemployment rate in Sutherland Shire was lower than the Sydney Statistical Division in 2001 (3.5% compared to 6.1%). The reason for the lower rate in Sutherland Shire includes a comparatively smaller share of the population aged 18-24, who often have higher unemployment rates than older workers (25-59).
Education There are now nearly 100 schools in the Shire including the Gymea and Loftus Colleges of Technical and Further Education, more than twenty secondary schools, preschool centres and schools provided to serve children with special needs. For the Texas educational association, see Texas Association of Future Educators. ...
Health The Sutherland Shire has good health facilities including the Sutherland Public hospital and Kareena Private Hospital - both located at Caringbah, very close to most residents and many general practitioners within the area. There is also an increasing amount of specialist doctors coming into the Shire.
Ethnicity The Sutherland Shire is well known for being one of the most Caucasian areas in Sydney. Roughly 80% of its population are born in Australia, with the next countries being the United Kingdom, New Zealand and South Africa. The percentage of residents claiming Australian ancestry is among the highest in Sydney. Relative to other parts of Sydney, Sutherland Shire has a smaller proportion of overseas-born residents and less diversity in the range of countries of birth. Whilst the overseas population is growing, it is growing at a significantly slower rate than the rest of Sydney. One possible explanation for this slower rate is that the Shire's population is not highly mobile, and overseas-born residents of Australia prefer to settle in areas with other expatriates. A comparison of the top 5 nationalities in the Sutherland Shire with the Sydney Statistical Division in 2001 shows the major difference was a lower share of the population of Chinese ancestry. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2560 × 1920 pixel, file size: 1. ...
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North Cronulla Beach or North Cronulla is a patrolled beach in Cronulla, New South Wales, Australia. ...
The 4th edition of Meyers Konversationslexikon (1885-1890) shows the Caucasian race (in blue) as comprising Aryans, Semites and Hamites. The Caucasian race (sometimes called the Caucasoid race) is defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as, relating to a broad division of humankind covering peoples from Europe, the Middle East...
This article does not cite its references or sources. ...
Religion More than three-quarters of the population professed a religion in 2001. Like many areas across Australia, the top five religions in Sutherland Shire in 2001 were all forms of Christianity, with the largest groups including Catholics, Anglicans and Uniting Church adherents. Sutherland Shire also noted very little change in the share of persons with non-Christian beliefs between 1996 and 2001, which was against the broader pattern of growth. Christianity percentage by country, purple is highest, orange is lowest Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Wycliffe Tyndale · Luther · Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch...
Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Wycliffe Tyndale · Luther · Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box: Anglicanism is the term used to encapsulate...
Logo of the UCA The Uniting Church in Australia (UCA) was formed on June 22, 1977 when the Methodist Church of Australasia, Presbyterian Church of Australia and Congregational Union of Australia came together under the Basis of Union document. ...
Culture The Shire has a few nightclubs most notably, Carmens at Miranda, Fusion and Northies at Cronulla and A.K.A at Sutherland (previously known as Hunters and then Elevate). One social hub of the Shire revolves around the Menai Catholic Club and Northies, a pub opposite North Cronulla Beach. Sunday nights are the busiest of the week at Northies, closely followed by Saturday and Friday nights.
Most of the culture within the Sutherland Shire is based upon two things, sport and the beaches at Cronulla. Sutherland Shire has the highest number of soccer participants (25,000) per population in Australia. The second most popular sport in terms of participants is cricket and then rugby league football. Football (soccer) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...
Bowler Shaun Pollock bowls to batsman Michael Hussey. ...
Rugby league football (often shortened to rugby league) is a full-contact team sport played with a prolate spheroid-shaped ball by two teams of thirteen on a rectangular grass field. ...
The National Rugby League (NRL) team, the Cronulla Sharks are a locally supported professional sports team whose games are often a beginning point on a night out for residents. They have an average attendance of about 16,000, which rises yearly, and are very highly supported throughout the area. The National Rugby League (NRL) is the top league of professional rugby league football clubs in Australasia. ...
The Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks are an Australian professional rugby league football team based in Cronulla in the Sutherland Shire, south of Sydney. ...
The beach also is well known internationally and draws a large crowd on any holiday or weekend throughout summer. Many Sutherland Shire residents feel a personal affinity with the beach and this has contributed to tension between residents and outsiders.
Commerce and industry Miranda is the commercial centre of the Shire with two other major shopping centres, Kiora Mall and Miranda Marketplace along with Miranda Fair. Westfield Miranda, known locally as Miranda Fair, has several department stores and many specialist stores all set in artistically planned promenades with under and above ground parking. The centre is the second largest in Sydney after Westfield Parramatta. Other suburban shopping centres, in Engadine, Caringbah and Sylvania have also flourished. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2560 × 1920 pixel, file size: 1. ...
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Miranda is a suburb of Sydney, Australia, and is adjacent to Gymea and Caringbah. ...
Miranda is a suburb of Sydney, Australia, and is adjacent to Gymea and Caringbah. ...
Westfield Shopping centre, Miranda Westfield Shopping centre, Miranda Westfield Miranda (also known as Miranda Fair), owned and managed by the Westfield Group, is a large shopping centre (mall) in the suburb of Miranda in the Local Government Area of Sutherland Shire in southern Sydney in the state of New South...
Westfield Parramatta, owned and managed by The Westfield Group, is the largest enclosed shopping centre in Sydney, Australia. ...
Major neighbourhood shopping centres have also developed at Bangor, Illawong and Menai together with a small centre at Alfords Point. Southgate is a popular shopping complex in Sylvania. Gymea Shopping Village attracts many people, with a regional arts centre, Hazelhurst Regional Gallery and Arts Centre, and a vibrant cafe and restaurant scene. Some of Sydney's finest chocolates are also manufactured at Nina's Chocolates, Gymea, which frequently takes out top awards at the annual Sydney Royal Easter Show. This article is about the suburb of Bangor in NSW, Australia. ...
Southgate Shopping Centre, Sylvania Southgate is a shopping centre in the Sydney suburb of Sylvania, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. ...
Sylvania is a suburb in the south of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. ...
Hazelhurst Regional Gallery and Arts Centre is a complex in the suburb of Gymea, in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. ...
Gymea is a suburb in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. ...
The Sydney Royal Easter Show logo. ...
Politics The Council comprises 15 councillors elected from 5 Wards. The current composition of Council is 7 Liberal Party, 4 Labor, 3 Shire Watch and 1 Independent. The Liberal Party current controls the Council with the help of the 1 independent. A ward is an electoral district used in local politics, most notably in England, Scotland, and Wales, as well as Australia, Canada, the Republic of Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa and many cities in the United States and the federal district of Washington, DC. Wards are usually named after neighbourhoods...
This article or section cites very few or no references or sources. ...
A Ward includes suburbs such as Cronulla, Woolooware and Kurnell. The 3 Councillors representing A Ward are; Kevin Schreiber, Marie Simone and Bob Spencer.
B Ward includes suburbs such as Caringbah, Miranda, Gymea and Gray's Point. The 3 Councillors representing B Ward are; Kent Johns, Phil Blight and Lorraine Kelly.
C Ward includes suburbs such as Sylvania, Taren Point and Kareela. The 3 Councillors representing C Ward are; Kelly Knowles, Magdi Mikhail and Scott Docherty.
D Ward includes suburbs such as Engadine, Heathcote and Loftus. The 3 Councillors representing D Ward are; David Redmond, Jan Forshaw and Valerie Sugden.
E Ward includes suburbs such as Menai, Illawong and Bangor. The 3 Councillors representing E Ward are; Melanie Gibbons, Steve Simpson and Ken McDonell.
The current Mayor is David Redmond and the Deputy Mayor is Ken McDonell.
The Sutherland Shire contains two Federal Government electorates, Cook (which includes Caringbah, Miranda, Gymea, and Cronulla) and Hughes (which includes Sutherland, Menai, Engadine, Alfords Point). The Commonwealth of Australia is a constitutional monarchy, a federation, and a parliamentary democracy. ...
The Australian House of Representatives is elected from 150 single-member districts called Divisions. ...
The Division of Cook is an Australian Electoral Division in New South Wales. ...
The Division of Hughes is an Australian Electoral Division in New South Wales. ...
The Sutherland Shire is viewed as being one of the more conservative, even "parochial", areas in Australia. However these views are often inconsistent with facts, one being that the federal seat of Hughes was held by the Labor Party since its inception until 1996, when many residents felt that they were being side-lined by the Labor party because it no longer represented Australian worker's aspirations and had become an institution for special interests, which excluded "hard working Aussies". Indeed the state member for Miranda, Barry Collier is from the left-wing of the Labor party and the state seat for Heathcote is still considered so safe a Labor seat that "machine men" jostle for it in times of branch pre-selections. Heathcote is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. ...
Bruce Baird is the federal MP for Cook, and is a member of the conservative Liberal Party. Danna Vale is the federal MP for Hughes, and is also a member of the conservative Liberal Party, she also was the former minister for Veterans' Affairs. Hon Bruce Baird Bruce George Baird (born 28 February Australian politician, has been
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